| 词条 | Bridget Holmes |
| 释义 |
She is best known as the subject of a full-length slightly over life-size portrait dated 1686 in the Royal Collection by John Riley, painted on a scale and "in a style...normally reserved for royalty" or the nobility.[2] Though signed by Riley, the painting may owe much to the contribution of John Closterman, who often worked with Riley, because of its "impressive" composition.[3][4] It is not clear why James II commissioned the portrait,[5] which was an extravagant way to "celebrate her great age and her loyalty to the Stuarts",[5] and also seems to make a "satirical or moral comment" on the conventions of grand portraiture,[4] as "a parody of all those martial portraits of dukes and generals. But the figure herself is treated with great dignity, very respectfully. The joke's not on her" as one curator put it.[2][6] Critic Ronald Jones noted that "[Holmes] is resonant with self-respect, and can play with her venerable position in the household; teasingly she brandishes her mop after a page-boy",[7] a Page of the Backstairs according to the Royal Collection. Riley painted two other, smaller, portraits of servants: Katherine Elliot (also Royal Collection) and A Scullion in the Christ Church Picture Gallery, Oxford.[4] Other portraits by the Netherlandish painter Pieter Aertsen from the previous century show female cooks holding roasting spits like marshall's batons in what have been taken to be clear references to the conventions of elite portraiture,[8] though whether these would have been known to James (who had spent his youth in exile in the Low Countries) or Riley is unknown. Bridget Holmes died in 1691 at the age of 100 and was buried in Westminster Abbey with a monument noting the monarchs whom she had served.[5] She is believed to have been "one of the longest serving servants in royal history".[9] The painting of Bridget Holmes is among the "few pre-eighteenth-century portraits of working-class people" in existence.[10] It is normally on display in the state apartments of Windsor Castle. It was included in the "Below Stairs" exhibition of servant portraits at the National Portrait Gallery, London in 2003,[6] and has also been shown in other exhibitions of the Royal Collection. Notes1. ^Royal Collection page 2. ^1 {{cite news|work=The Globe and Mail|title=Eccentric show reveals much about monarchs|author=Conlogue, Bay|page=C16|date=5 August 1995}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://artuk.org/discover/artists/riley-john-16461691|year=2013|publisher=Art UK|title=John Riley}} 4. ^1 2 Lloyd, 112 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.hrp.org.uk/Resources/Factsheet_-_Key_objects_SRB.doc|title=Key objects: secrets of the royal bedchamber|date=August 2007|publisher=Press Office, Tower of London|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231002304/http://www.hrp.org.uk/Resources/Factsheet_-_Key_objects_SRB.doc|archivedate=2013-12-31|df=}} 6. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/oct/16/arts.artsnews3|work=The Guardian|date=16 October 2003|title=First exhibition of servants' portraits|author=Kennedy, Maev}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/below_stairs/|author=Jones, Ronald|work=Frieze Magazine|title=Below Stairs|date=March 2004|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232832/http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/below_stairs/|archivedate=2013-12-30|df=}} 8. ^Falkenberg, R. L. (1995), "Pieter Aertsen, Rhyparographer" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725164302/http://www.artwis.com/articles/pieter-aertsen-rhyparographer/ |date=2014-07-25 }}, 1995, 204-210 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bsecs.org.uk/reviews/ReviewDetails.aspx?id=147&type=2|publisher=BSECS|title=Secrets of the royal bedchamber|year=2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233022/http://www.bsecs.org.uk/reviews/ReviewDetails.aspx?id=147&type=2|archivedate=2013-12-30|df=}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=Rothenstein|first=John|title=An Introduction to English Painting|year=2001|publisher=IB Tauris|isbn=9781860646782|page=36}} References
5 : 1591 births|1691 deaths|British servants|British centenarians|Burials at Westminster Abbey |
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