“Bristol heart scandal”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Bristol heart scandal occurred in England during the 1990s. At the Bristol Royal Infirmary, babies died at high rates after cardiac surgery. An inquiry found "staff shortages, a lack of leadership, [a] ... unit ... 'simply not up to the task' ... 'an old boy's culture' among doctors, a lax approach to safety, secrecy about doctors' performance and a lack of monitoring by management".^[1] The scandal resulted in cardiac surgeons leading efforts to publish more data on the performance of doctors and hospitals.^[1]^[2]

An investigation chaired by Professor Ian Kennedy QC was set up in 1998. It reported in 2001.^[3] It concluded that paediatric cardiac surgery services at Bristol were "simply not up to the task", because of shortages of key surgeons and nurses, and a lack of leadership, accountability, and teamwork. In fact the unit, which had “not been up to the task” in 5 years (1991-1995) had left 34 children under one year of age dead, who would have survived in other NHS units (Ref ). Overall 170 children died in the Bristol unit between 1986 – 1995 who would have survived in other NHS hospitals as estimated by Laurence Vick, the lawyer most closely involved in the Bristol Scandal (Ref https://www.enablelaw.com/news/published-articles/loneliness-nhs-whistleblower/). Sadly the same expert estimates that 25-30 children suffered permanent brain damage after cardiac surgery by the Bristol surgeons over the same 10 year time span (Ref https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=9d6ebc53-0371-48cf-b2bd-0324f800f8da).

The NHS Plan 2000 published a year earlier, included the establishment of the Commission for Health Improvement, which was intended to tackle such problems.^[4]

By 2010, the mortality rate within 30 days of a child's heart operation had fallen from 4.3% in 2000 to 2.6%. Plans to reduce the number of centres performing children's heart surgery have been opposed.^[5] A report to NHS England in July 2015 proposed a “three tier” model for all hospitals providing congenital heart disease care. It suggested that they would work within “regional, multi-centre networks, bringing together foetal, children’s and adult services” and noted that since 2001 there “have been subsequent reviews each making a series of recommendations, but no coordinated programme of change, and concerns have remained”.^[6]

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1. ^¹Rebecca Smith (29 July 2010) "[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/7914795/Bristol-heart-scandal.html Bristol heart scandal]" The Telegraph. Accessed 28 August 2011.
2. ^{{cite journal |author=Smith R |title=All changed, changed utterly. British medicine will be transformed by the Bristol case |journal=BMJ |volume=316 |issue=7149 |pages=1917–8 |date=June 1998 |pmid=9641922 |pmc=1113398 |doi= 10.1136/bmj.316.7149.1917|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/316/7149/1917.long}}
3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.bristol-inquiry.org.uk/about/whos_who/index.htm | title=Who's who | publisher=The Bristol Royal Infirmary Inquiry | archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090811143745/http://www.bristol-inquiry.org.uk/about/whos_who/index.htm | archivedate=11 August 2009 | accessdate=9 January 2013}}
4. ^{{cite news|title=The Bristol Royal infirmary inquiry: the issue explained |first=Patrick |last=Butler |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2002/jan/17/5 |accessdate=1 October 2016 |publisher=The Guardian |date=17 January 2002}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=Child heart surgery deaths in UK 'halved'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-32162803|accessdate=1 September 2015|publisher=BBC News|date=3 April 2015}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=NHS England review calls for shake-up of children's heart surgery|url=http://www.hsj.co.uk/news/commissioning/nhs-england-review-calls-for-shake-up-of-childrens-heart-surgery/5088105.article#.Vef-b5ZIgYA|accessdate=3 September 2015|publisher=Health Service Journal|date=22 July 2015}}

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