| 词条 | Persi Diaconis |
| 释义 |
| name = Persi Diaconis | image = Persi Diaconis 2010.jpg | caption = Persi Diaconis, 2010 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|01|31|mf=y}} | birth_place = New York City, New York | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = American | fields = Mathematics | workplaces = Harvard University Stanford University | education = City College of New York (B.S., 1971) Harvard University (M.A., 1972; Ph.D., 1974) | doctoral_advisor = Dennis Arnold Hejhal Frederick Mosteller[1] | doctoral_students = Sourav Chatterjee Eduardo Engel Igor Pak Jeff Rosenthal Francis Su Arif Zaman | known_for = Freedman–Diaconis rule | awards = }}Persi Warren Diaconis ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|d|aɪ|ə|ˈ|k|oʊ|n|ɪ|s}}; born January 31, 1945) is an American mathematician of Greek descent and former professional magician.[2][3] He is the Mary V. Sunseri Professor of Statistics and Mathematics at Stanford University.[4][5] He is particularly known for tackling mathematical problems involving randomness and randomization, such as coin flipping and shuffling playing cards. BiographyDiaconis left home at 14[6] to travel with sleight-of-hand legend Dai Vernon, and dropped out of high school, promising himself that he would return one day so that he could learn all of the math necessary to read William Feller's famous two-volume treatise on probability theory, An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications. He returned to school (City College of New York for his undergraduate work graduating in 1971 and then a Ph.D. in Mathematical Statistics from Harvard University in 1974), learned to read Feller, and became a mathematical probabilist.[7] According to Martin Gardner, at school, Diaconis supported himself by playing poker on ships between New York and South America. Gardner recalls that Diaconis had "fantastic second deal and bottom deal".[8] Diaconis is married to Stanford statistics professor Susan Holmes.[9] CareerDiaconis received a MacArthur Fellowship in 1982. In 1992, he published (with Dave Bayer) a paper entitled "Trailing the Dovetail Shuffle to Its Lair"[10] (a term coined by magician Charles Jordan in the early 1900s) which established rigorous results on how many times a deck of playing cards must be riffle shuffled before it can be considered random according to the mathematical measure total variation distance. Diaconis is often cited for the simplified proposition that it takes seven shuffles to randomize a deck. More precisely, Diaconis showed that, in the Gilbert–Shannon–Reeds model of how likely it is that a riffle results in a particular riffle shuffle permutation, it takes 5 riffles before the total variation distance of a 52-card deck begins to drop significantly from the maximum value of 1.0, and 7 riffles before it drops below 0.5 very quickly (a threshold phenomenon), after which it is reduced by a factor of 2 every shuffle. When entropy is viewed as the probabilistic distance, riffle shuffling seems to take less time to mix, and the threshold phenomenon goes away (because the entropy function is subadditive).[11] Diaconis has coauthored several more recent papers expanding on his 1992 results and relating the problem of shuffling cards to other problems in mathematics. Among other things, they showed that the separation distance of an ordered blackjack deck (that is, aces on top, followed by 2's, followed by 3's, etc.) drops below .5 after 7 shuffles. Separation distance is an upper bound for variation distance.[12][13] Recognition
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References1. ^{{MathGenealogy|id=18747}} 2. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Hoffman | first1 = J. | title = Q&A: The mathemagician | doi = 10.1038/478457a | journal = Nature | volume = 478 | issue = 7370 | pages = 457 | year = 2011 | pmid = | pmc = | bibcode = 2011Natur.478..457H }} 3. ^{{Diaconis Graham 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www-stat.stanford.edu/~cgates/PERSI/ |title=Stanford University - Persi Diaconis |format= |work= |accessdate=2011-10-27}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.homepages.indiana.edu/022704/text/persi.shtml |title=It’s no coincidence: Stanford University mathematician and statistician Persi Diaconis will serve as a Patten Lecturer at Indiana University Bloomington |work= |accessdate=2011-10-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110143732/http://www.homepages.indiana.edu/022704/text/persi.shtml |archivedate=2011-11-10 |df= }} 6. ^Lifelong debunker takes on arbiter of neutral choices 7. ^Jeffrey R. Young, "The Magical Mind of Persi Diaconis" Chronicle of Higher Education October 16, 2011 8. ^Interview with Martin Gardner, Notices of the AMS, June/July 2005. 9. ^{{cite web|last1=O'Conner|first1=J. J.|last2=Robertson|first2=E. F.|title=Diaconis biography|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Diaconis.html|website=MacTutor|accessdate=2 April 2018}} 10. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Bayer | first1 = Dave | author1-link=Dave Bayer | last2 = Diaconis | first2 = Persi | author2-link=Persi Diaconis | doi = 10.1214/aoap/1177005705 | title = Trailing the Dovetail Shuffle to its Lair | journal = The Annals of Applied Probability | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 295–313 | year = 1992 | url = http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aoap/1177005705| ref = harv}} 11. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Trefethen | first1 = L. N. | authorlink1 = Lloyd N. Trefethen | last2 = Trefethen | first2 = L. M. | doi = 10.1098/rspa.2000.0625 | title = How many shuffles to randomize a deck of cards? | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A | volume = 456 | issue = 2002 | pages = 2561–2568 | year = 2000 | ref = harv|bibcode = 2000RSPSA.456.2561N }} 12. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/38434/title/Shuffling_the_cards_Math_does_the_trick | title = Shuffling the cards: Math does the trick | date = November 7, 2008 | accessdate = 14 November 2008 | publisher = Science News | quote = Diaconis and his colleagues are issuing an update. When dealing many gambling games, like blackjack, about four shuffles are enough }} 13. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Assaf | first1 = S. | last2 = Diaconis | first2 = P. | last3 = Soundararajan | first3 = K. | doi = 10.1214/10-AAP701 | title = A rule of thumb for riffle shuffling | journal = The Annals of Applied Probability | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 843 | year = 2011 | pmid = | pmc = | arxiv = 0908.3462 }} 14. ^{{cite journal|title=Patterns in eigenvalues: the 70th Josiah Willard Gibbs lecture|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.)|year=2003|volume=40|issue=2|pages=155–178|mr=1962294|doi=10.1090/s0273-0979-03-00975-3|last1=Diaconis|first1=Persi}} 15. ^{{cite book |author=Salsburg, David |title=The lady tasting tea: how statistics revolutionized science in the twentieth century |publisher=W.H. Freeman and CO |location=New York |year=2001 |pages= |isbn=0-8050-7134-2 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}. Cf. p.224 16. ^http://www.maa.org/Awards/jmm12PB.pdf 17. ^List of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society, retrieved 2012-11-10 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/600/events/celebration/graduationceremony/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-04-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407093041/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/600/events/celebration/graduationceremony/ |archivedate=2014-04-07 |df= }} External links
19 : 1945 births|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Living people|MacArthur Fellows|20th-century American mathematicians|21st-century mathematicians|Mathematics popularizers|Probability theorists|American magicians|American statisticians|Harvard University alumni|Stanford University Department of Mathematics faculty|Scientists at Bell Labs|Presidents of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics|ISI highly cited researchers|Fellows of the American Mathematical Society|Fellows of the American Statistical Association|American people of Greek descent|City College of New York alumni |
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