“Broddenbjerg idol”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Broddenbjerg idol is a wooden ithyphallic figure found in a bog at Broddenbjerg, near Viborg, Denmark and now in the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen. It is dated to approximately 535–520 BCE.

The figure was discovered in a bog in spring 1880 by someone cutting peat. It is carbon-dated to approximately 535–520 BCE, the later Bronze Age, making it the oldest such figure in Denmark;^[1]^[2] prior to testing, it had been dated later, to the Roman Iron Age.^[3]^[4]^[5] It is made of an oak branch which was undoubtedly chosen for its shape and is approximately {{convert|88|cm|in|abbr=on}} high,^[6] with no arms, two legs formed by the natural branches, and an erect penis approximately {{convert|28|cm|in|abbr=on}} long, the head of which has been marked off by scoring.^[2] One leg is broken off; the other is tapered, so that the figure would presumably have been placed upright in the marshy ground.^[1]^[2] At the top a face has been carved, with a pointed chin which may indicate a beard;^[1] this has been seen as an indication that the figure was created by a Celtic culture.^[3] The right eye is much more fully indicated than the left, which is only a line; several other such carved figures also have asymmetrical faces.^[7]^[8] A line beneath the face may indicate a neck-ring or the top of clothing.^[1]^[2] Resin had been applied to the groin area and the phallus.^[1]^[2]

It is one of the best known from Denmark of a group of presumed cult images that have been found mainly in wetlands and peat bogs throughout northern and central Europe.^[4] An altar-like arrangement with stones for grinding corn and clay vessels which may have contained food for offerings were found beside it.^[1]^[2]^[3]

See also

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵"Guden fra Broddenbjerg" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215610/http://www.klaus-ebbesen.dk/fund.htm |date=2013-10-04 }}, Nyt fra fortiden {{da icon}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵Klaus Ebbesen, "Moseguder og gudinder", Dagbladet Information, 8 May 2002 {{da icon}}
3. ^¹²H. R. Ellis Davidson, Pagan Scandinavia, Ancient Peoples and Places 58, London: Thames and Hudson, 1967, {{OCLC|247529956}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=a78oAAAAYAAJ&q=Davidson,+Pagan+Scandinavia,+%22phallic+wooden+figure%22&dq=Davidson,+Pagan+Scandinavia,+%22phallic+wooden+figure%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bYsCUuygOsyaigKjnICICQ&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAA p. 78].
4. ^¹Francesco Menotti, Wetland Archaeology and Beyond: Theory and Practice, Oxford: Oxford University, 2012, {{ISBN|9780199571017}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9GXUfYTtbfMC&pg=PA193&dq=Broddenbjerg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=K5YDUueZN4TziQLI_4GQDw&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Broddenbjerg&f=false p. 193].
5. ^Ole Klindt-Jensen, David M. Wilson and Eva Wilson, Denmark Before the Vikings, Ancient Peoples and Places 4, London: Thames and Hudson, 1957, {{OCLC|751623911}}, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=kLwDUpG2M47sigLRnIHwCg&id=o9EyEicQ8kQC&dq=Broddenbjerg&q=phallic+figure+of+a+man%2C+carved+in+wood+and+found+in+a+bog+at+Broddenbjerg%2C+near+Viborg+in+North+Jutland.+It+was+found+in+a+heap+of+stones+associated+with+simple+pottery+which+dates+from+the+beginning+of+the+Iron+Age#search_anchor p. 80].
6. ^N. Price, "Sexualität", in: Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde, ed. Heinrich Beck, Dieter Geuenich and Heiko Steuer, volume 28 Seddin–Skīringssal, 2nd ed. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 2005, {{ISBN|9783110182071}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=GvjSxM_B_yIC&pg=PA245&dq=Broddenbjerg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kLwDUpG2M47sigLRnIHwCg&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=Broddenbjerg&f=false p. 245].
7. ^J. John M. Coles and Bryony Coles, Enlarging the Past: The Contributions of Wetland Archaeology, Monograph series 11, WARP occasional paper 10, Edinburgh: The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Wetland Archaeology Research Project, 1996, {{ISBN|9780903903110}}, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=kLwDUpG2M47sigLRnIHwCg&id=eYBnAAAAMAAJ&dq=Broddenbjerg&q=Similar+treatment+of+the+eyes+was+given+to+the+Broddenbjerg+man%2C+in+that+his+right+eye+is+carved+with+a+small+socket+whereas+the+left+eye+is+almost+blank%2C+represented+by+no+more+than+a+faint+line+between+eyebrow+and+flat+cheek.#search_anchor p. 74].
8. ^Miranda Aldhouse-Green, An Archaeology of Images: Iconology and Cosmology in Iron Age and Roman Europe, London/New York: Routledge, 2004, {{ISBN|9780415252539}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ryWnvqQCFc4C&pg=PA183&dq=Broddenbjerg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZLsDUvM06rmLAruBgcAG&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Broddenbjerg&f=false p. 183].