“Bruno Franz Kaulbach”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Bruno Franz Kaulbach (1880–1963) was an Austrian lawyer and a member of the Kohn family from Bennisch whose descendants include the former U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry.

Early life and education

Dr.Bruno Franz Kaulbach was born Bruno Franz Kohn on 29 December 1880, the first son of Bernard Kohn (1854-1915) and Hermine Kolban (1861-1939). The Kohn family was part of a small Jewish community in the town of Bennisch (now Horni Benesov, Czech Republic) which was then part of Austria-Hungary.^[1]

Bruno and his three brothers; Alfred, Richard and Oskar changed their surnames to 'Kaulbach' in the early 1900s. At about the same time they renounced the Jewish faith and converted to Roman Catholicism.^[2]

Bruno completed his law studies at the University of Vienna in 1912. In the same year he married Maria Theresia Hinterholzer Meyer (1886-1972) who came from a prominent business and political family in Innsbruck and whose uncle was the painter and political activist Edgar Meyer (painter).

Career

During the First World War Bruno served as a first lieutenant in the Austro-Hungarian Army. For a time Bruno and Maria lived in Graz where Bruno worked as a lawyer and where their children Martin and Eva were born. Bruno was also a regular contributor to magazines and newspapers.

By 1935 Bruno and his family were living in Hall in Tirol. With the rise of National Socialism and because of his Jewish heritage, Bruno realized his children would be in danger. He was instrumental in re-settling them in England where they eventually became British citizens.

On 12 August 1943 Bruno Kaulbach was arrested by the Gestapo in Innsbruck. He was transferred to Dachau Concentration Camp and held there as a political prisoner until the camp was liberated on 29 April 1945.^[3]

His three brothers, together with members of their families, were murdered by the Nazis during the Holocaust. Only Richard Kaulbach's daughter, Ilse, escaped - to the U.S..

In December 1948 Bruno spoke at the American War Crimes Court, Dachau. He cited the hardship and suffering inflicted on the people of Tirol by the Nazi Gauleiter, Franz Hofer, and suggested that American complicity was to blame for Hofer's escape from internment camp^[4]

In 1979 he was posthumously awarded the medal Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Befreiung Österreichs, "for active service in the Resistance to National Socialism", by the Austrian government.

Connection with the Kerry Family

When John Forbes Kerry ran for the United States Presidency in 2004, little was known about his paternal ancestry. Researchers, hired by the Boston Globe newspaper, discovered that Kerry's great grandfather was a Jewish brewer named Benedikt Kohn (1824-1876) from the Austrian town of Bennisch (now Horni Benesov, Czech Republic).One of Benedikt's sons, Fritz, adopted the family name of 'Kerry'. In 1904 Fritz Kerry (John Kerry's grandfather) and his family left Austria for a new life in the United States.

Another son of Benedikt Kohn was Bernard Kohn, Bruno Kaulbach's father; John Kerry and Bruno Kaulbach were first cousins once removed.The trajectory of the Kaulbach strand of the family, previously unknown because of the name change, was revealed by the Boston Globe newspaper in the fall of 2013^[5]

References

1. ^{{cite news|title=Czech Records Tell the Story of how Jewish Kohn became Catholic Kerry : para 11|url=http://forward.com/articles/6385/czech-records-tell-the-story-of-how-jewish-kohn-be/|newspaper=The Jewish Daily Forward|date=Feb 27, 2004}}
2. ^{{cite news|last=Whitmore|first=Brian|title= Hearing of roots, Czech village roots Kerry on : paras 18,20 |url=http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2004/02/22/hearing_of_roots_czech_village_roots_kerry_on/?page=full|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=February 22, 2004}}
3. ^{{cite book|title=Widerstand und Verfolgung in Tirol 1934-1945, Band 1|publisher=Oesterreicher Bundes Verlag, Wien|pages=477}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Vorbaum|first=Thomas|title=Juristiche Zeitgeschichte, Band 8, (2006/2007)|publisher=BWV. Berliner Wissenshaft-Verlag|isbn=978-3-8305-1471-8|pages=57, 58|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yNeQiYJzJ3YC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=dr+bruno+kaulbach,+hofer}}
5. ^{{cite news|last=Kranish|first=Michael|title=A Long Obscured Branch on John Kerry's Family Tree|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2013/10/12/ten-years-later-revelation-john-kerry-ancestry-has-new-chapter/89pyoQEfOJs8PqvazCYqHO/story.html|newspaper=Boston Globe|date=October 13, 2013}}