| 词条 | Petar Svačić |
| 释义 |
| name=Petar Snačić | succession= King of Croatia | image= Oton Ivekovic, Smrt kralja Petra Svacica u Gori Gvozdu 1097 god.jpg | caption=The Last Croatian King by Oton Iveković | reign=1093–1097 | coronation= | predecessor=Stephen II | successor=Coloman | succession1= Ban of Croatia | predecessor1=Demetrius Zvonimir (as Ban of Slavonia) | successor1= Ugra | reign1= c. 1075–c. 1091 | house=Snačić | birth_date=| | birth_place=| | death_date=1097 | death_place=Mount Gvozd | place of burial= | father= | mother=|religion=Catholicism| |monarch=}} Petar Snačić (commonly misspelt Petar Svačić) was a feudal lord, notable for being one of the claimants of the Croatian throne during the wars of succession (c. 1093–1097). It is assumed that he began as a ban serving under king Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia and was then elected king by the Croatian feudal lords in 1093. Petar's seat of power was based in Knin.[1] His rule was marked by a struggle for control of the country with Coloman of Hungary, dying at the Battle of Gvozd Mountain in 1097. Petar's ancestryEarly scholars, specifically Franjo Rački misread the letter "n" as a "v", creating a mistake which is common until today. There never existed a Svačić family, yet existed the Snačić family who were one of the Twelve noble tribes of Croatia, and certain Petar Snačić is mentioned in Supetar Cartulary (14th century addition) as Croatian ban during the rule of King Zvonimir.[2][3] However the connection between Petar and this Petar Snačić is disputed, as is attempt by Ferdo Šišić to relate him to Petar Slaven, son of Slavac who was also a pretender to the throne.[1] Struggle for the successionHe assumed the throne amid deep tension throughout the Kingdom. His predecessor, Stephen II (1089–1091) died without leaving an heir, sparking a major political crisis. Jelena or Ilona, the widow of King Dmitar Zvonimir (1074–1089) supported her brother, King Ladislaus I of Hungary, in the inheritance of the throne of Croatia. Meanwhile, as a part of Croatia's dignitaries and clergy did not support Ladislaus' claim, they elected nobleman Petar as King, who immediately deployed the military to defend Croatia's borders from Hungarian attack. However, it was too late. Ladislaus, who had probably devised a military strategy two years earlier, launched an offensive and managed to breach Croatian lines along the Drava River. Shortly after his army's success, Ladislaus died (1095), leaving his nephew Coloman to continue the campaign. King Petar's troops maintained their resistance repelling Hungarian assaults for nearly two years. Coloman grew frustrated at his army's impotence and in 1097 assembled an enormous force at the eastern foot of Mount Gvozd, where was held a battle which victory was brutal and absolute, resulting in Petar's death. Five years of negotiations between Croatia's remaining noblemen and Coloman followed thereafter. Finally, in 1102, a historic settlement was reached (Pacta conventa) by which the Croats agreed to recognize Coloman as king. In return, he promised to maintain Croatia as a separate kingdom, to guarantee Croatia's self-governance under a ban (royal governor), and to respect all the rights, laws and privileges of the Croatian Kingdom. Petar was the last native king of Croatia, and the personal union with Kingdom of Hungary lasted until 1918. See also
title = King of Croatia | before=Álmos | after=Coloman | years=1093–1097 }}{{s-end}} References1. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia| url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=47840| title=Petar| encyclopedia=Croatian Encyclopedia| publisher=Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography| language=Croatian| accessdate=6 March 2019}} {{Croatian kings}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Svacic, Petar}}2. ^{{citation |last=Švob |first=Držislav |date=1956 |title=Pripis Supetarskog kartulara o izboru starohrvatskog kralja i popis onodobnih banova |url=http://www.historiografija.hr/hz/1956/HZ_9_7_SVOB.pdf |language=Croatian |location=Zagreb |publisher=Školska Knjiga |pages=101–117}} 3. ^{{citation|last=Fine|first=John V. A. (Jr.)|authorlink=John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.|title=When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C|year=2010|publisher=University of Michigan Press|page=68|isbn=0-472-02560-0}} 10 : 1097 deaths|Medieval Croatian nobility|Croatian Roman Catholics|Kings of Croatia|Roman Catholic monarchs|Military personnel killed in action|Monarchs killed in action|11th-century monarchs in Europe|Year of birth unknown|11th-century Croatian people |
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