| 词条 | Petasites frigidus |
| 释义 |
|image = Petasites_frigidus_1925.JPG |image_caption = Arctic sweet coltsfoot |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Asterids |ordo = Asterales |familia = Asteraceae |tribus = Senecioneae |genus = Petasites |species = P. frigidus |binomial = Petasites frigidus |binomial_authority = (L.) Fr. |synonyms =
|synonyms_ref = [1] |}}Petasites frigidus, the Arctic sweet coltsfoot[2] or Arctic butterbur, is a species of Petasites native to Arctic to cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in northern Europe, northern Asia and northern North America.[2][3] It is a herbaceous perennial plant producing flowering stems in early spring, and large leaves through the summer. The upright flowering stems are 10–20 cm tall, and bear only 5-12 inflorescences, yellowish-white to pink in colour. The leaves are rounded, 15–20 cm broad, with a deeply cleft base and shallowly lobed margin, and rise directly from the underground rootstock. The underside of the leaves is covered with matted, woolly fuzz. It grows in moist shaded ground, preferring stream banks and seeping ground of cut-banks.[4][5][6] While there is some disagreement, some sources identify five varieties of P. frigidus:
UsesThe leaf stalks and flower stems (with flowers) are edible[12], and can be used as a vegetable dish. A salt-substitute can also be made by drying and then burning the leaves. This black, powdery substance will provide a salty taste. However, given the high likelihood of the presence of toxic unsaturated, diester pyrrolizidine alkaloids in this species, consumption should be very limited.[13] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/search?q=Petasites+frigidus|title=The Plant List}} 2. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.wildflowersearch.com/search?&PlantName=Petasites+frigidus | last= Sullivan | first= Steven. K. | date= 2015 | title= Petasites frigidus | website= Wildflower Search | accessdate= 2016-04-09 }} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web | url= http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PEFR5 | date= 2015 | title= Petasites frigidus | website= PLANTS Database | publisher= United States Department of Agriculture; Natural Resources Conservation Service | accessdate= 2016-04-09}} 4. ^{{cite web | url= http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Petasites%20frigidus | last= Klinkenberg | first= Brian (Editor) | date= 2014 | title= Petasites frigidus | website= E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. | publisher= Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver | accessdate= 2016-04-09}} 5. ^{{cite web | url= http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Petasites&Species=frigidus | last= Giblin | first= David (Editor) | date= 2015 | title= Petasites frigidus | website= WTU Herbarium Image Collection | publisher= Burke Museum, University of Washington | accessdate= 2016-04-09}} 6. ^{{cite web | url= http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=8060 | date= 2015 | title= Petasites frigidus | website= Jepson eFlora: Taxon page | publisher= Jepson Herbarium; University of California, Berkeley | accessdate= 2016-04-09}} 7. ^Mathews, Daniel. Cascade-Olympic Natural History. Raven Editions, 1999, p. 186, {{ISBN|978-0-9620782-0-0}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Chesnut | first1 =Victor King |title=Plants used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLkUAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=24 August 2012|year=1902|publisher=Government Printing Office|page = 406}} 9. ^Chesnut, p. 408 10. ^Chesnut, p. 407 11. ^{{cite book | last = Pojar | first = Jim | title = Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast | publisher = Lone Pine Publishing | location = Edmonton | year = 2004 | isbn = 9781551055305}} 12. ^{{Citation | last =Beeston | first =Laura | title =Flower power: A coast-to-coast-to-coast guide to our nation’s most delectable blossoms | newspaper =The Globe and Mail | date =August 4, 2015 | url =https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/food-and-wine/food-trends/flower-power-a-coast-to-coast-to-coast-guide-to-our-nations-most-delectable-blossoms/article25831663/ | access-date =January 19, 2019}} 13. ^{{cite journal |last1=Aydın |first1=AA |last2=Zerbes |first2=V |last3=Parlar|first3=H|last4=Letzel|first4=T|date=2013 |title=The medical plant butterbur (Petasites): analytical and physiological (re)view. |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0731708512006437?via%3Dihub |journal= J Pharm Biomed Anal |volume=75 |pages=220–9 |doi=10.1016/j.jpba.2012.11.028 |access-date=27 September 2017 }}
External links
9 : Senecioneae|Arctic flora|Flora of Norway|Flora of Finland|Flora of Sweden|Flora of Russia|Flora of Siberia|Flora of Alaska|Flora of Canada |
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