“Bukar Kura of Borno”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Bukar Kura of Borno

释义

Reign of Bukar
Bukar as seen by Heinrich Barth
Dynasty
Footnotes
Bibliography
External links

{{Infobox royalty
| name = Bukar or Bukar Kura
| image =
| succession =
| reign = December 1881 – November 1884 to February or March 1885
| predecessor = Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin
| successor = Ibrahim Kura
| spouses =
| issue =
| dynasty = Kanemi
| father = Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin
| mother =
| birth_date = c. 1830
| birth_place =
| death_date = November 1884 to February or March 1885^[1]
| death_place = Borno
| place of burial = Kukawa
| signature =
| religion = Muslim
|}}

Bukar or Bukar Kura (c. 1830-c. 1884 or 1885) was Shehu of Borno from 1881 to c. 1884.

Reign of Bukar

Bukar became Shehu of Borno in 1881 at the death of his father Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin. His three-year reign was marked by a deep economic crisis which forced him to impose a tax on his subjects. In Kanuri language, this tax was called kumoreji (splitting a calabash in half) which meant that Bukar appropriated half the wealth of his subjects.^[2]^[3]

Bukar as seen by Heinrich Barth

In 1851, a British expedition led by Heinrich Barth arrived in Borno. Barth met Bukar when he was around twelve and according to him he was:

{{quote|the eldest son of Omar who now unfortunately seems to have the best claim to the succession, he was a child devoid of intelligence, or noble feelings|Heinrich Barth^[4]}}

Dynasty

{{S-start}}{{s-hou|House of Kanemi}}{{s-reg}}{{S-bef|before=Umar of Borno|years=1837–1853 and 1854-1881}}{{s-ttl|title=4th Shehu of Borno|years=1881-1884}}{{S-aft|after=Ibrahim Kura|years=1884–1885}}{{s-break}}{{s-end}}

Footnotes

1. ^Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: a Working Chronology" in Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs, 268, Bd. 2, Frankfurt a. M. 1993: 179-186.
2. ^Louis Brenner, The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu, Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973), pp.86-88.
3. ^Herbert Richmond Palmer, The Bornu Sahara and Sudan (London: John Murray, 1936), p. 269.
4. ^Heinrich Barth,[https://books.google.com/books?id=W8ByAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa] (London: Longman, 1857), p.83.

Bibliography

Barth, Heinrich, [https://books.google.com/books?id=W8ByAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa] (London: Longman, 1857).
Brenner, Louis, The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu, Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973).
Cohen, Ronald, The Kanuri of Bornu, Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology (New York: Holt, 1967).
Isichei, Elizabeth, A History of African Societies to 1870 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 318–320, {{ISBN|0-521-45599-5}}.
Lange, Dierk, 'The kingdoms and peoples of Chad', in General history of Africa, ed. by Djibril Tamsir Niane, IV (London: Unesco, Heinemann, 1984), pp. 238–265.
Last, Murray, ‘Le Califat De Sokoto Et Borno’, in Histoire Generale De l'Afrique, Rev. ed. (Paris: Presence Africaine, 1986), pp. 599–646.
Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: a Working Chronology" in Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs, 268, Bd. 2, Frankfurt a. M. 1993: 179-186.
Nachtigal, Gustav, Sahara und Sudan : Ergebnisse Sechsjähriger Reisen in Afrika (Berlin: Weidmann, 1879).
{{cite book |author=Oliver, Roland & Anthony Atmore |title=Africa Since 1800, Fifth Edition |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=2005 |isbn=0-521-83615-8 }}
Palmer, Herbert Richmond, The Bornu Sahara and Sudan (London: John Murray, 1936).
{{cite book |author=Taher, Mohamed|title=Encyclopedic Survey of Islamic Dynasties A Continuing Series |publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. |location=New Delhi |year=1997 |isbn=81-261-0403-1 }}

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20110717202400/http://www.kanuri.net/index.php Kanuri Studies Association]

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