| 词条 | Burton (crater) |
| 释义 |
| titlecolor = #FA8072 | title = Burton Crater | image = Wikiburton.jpg | caption = Middle section of Burton Crater, showing central mound, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter). | coordinate_title = Coordinates | globe = Mars | coordinates = {{coord|13.9|S|156.3|W|globe:mars_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | diameter = 123.2 km | eponym = Charles E. Burton }}Burton is an impact crater in the Memnonia quadrangle of Mars, located at 13.9°S latitude and 156.3°W longitude. It is 123.0 km in diameter and was named after British astronomer Charles E. Burton; the name was approved in 1973.[1] It has a central peak. Impact craters generally have a rim with ejecta around them, in contrast volcanic craters usually do not have a rim or ejecta deposits. As craters get larger (greater than 10 km in diameter) they usually have a central peak.[2] The peak is caused by a rebound of the crater floor following the impact.[3] Dark Slope StreaksMany places on Mars show dark streaks on steep slopes like crater walls. It seems that the youngest streaks are dark; they become lighter with age. Often they begin as a small narrow spot then widen and extend downhill for hundreds of meters. They have been seen to travel around obstacles, like boulders.[4] Several ideas have been advanced to explain the streaks. Some involve water or even the growth of organisms.[5][6][7][8] It is most generally accepted that they represent avalanches of dust. The streaks appear in areas covered with dust. When a thin layer of dust is removed, the underlying surface is dark. Much of the Martian surface is covered with dust. Fine dust settles out of the atmosphere covering everything. {{Main article|Dark slope streaks}}Dark streaks can be seen in the image to the right of Burton Crater that was taken by CTX. See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature {{!}} Burton|url=http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/929|website=usgs.gov|publisher=International Astronomical Union|accessdate=4 March 2015}} {{Geography of Mars}}2. ^http://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/stones/ 3. ^{{cite book|author=Hugh H. Kieffer|title=Mars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NoDvAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=7 March 2011|date=1992|publisher=University of Arizona Press|isbn=978-0-8165-1257-7}} 4. ^http://www.space.com/image_of_day_080730.html 5. ^http://www.spcae.com/scienceastronomy/streaks_mars_021211.html 6. ^http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/streaks_mars_streaks_030328.html 7. ^http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/mars_ 8. ^http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/streaks_mars_021200.html 2 : Memnonia quadrangle|Impact craters on Mars |
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