| 词条 | Byrnestown |
| 释义 |
| type = town | name = Byrnestown | city = | state = qld | image = | caption = | coordinates = {{coord|25|31|18|S|151|46|03|E|display=inline,title}} | pop = | est = | postcode = 4625 | area = | dist1 = 20 | dir1 = NE | location1 = Gayndah | dist2 = 94 | dir2 = W | location2 = Maryborough | dist3 = 250 | dir3 = NW | location3 = Brisbane | lga = North Burnett Region | stategov = Electoral district of Callide | fedgov = Flynn | near-n = Wetheron | near-ne = Gooroolba | near-e = Gooroolba | near-se = Ginoondan | near-s = Ginoondan | near-sw = Wetheron | near-w = Wetheron | near-nw = Wetheron }} Byrnestown is a rural locality in the North Burnett Region of Queensland, Australia.[1] The town was established as one of the first communes in Queensland. HistoryIn response to the idea of communes promulgated by utopian William Lane, in 1893 the Queensland Government legislated the Queensland Co-operative Communities Land Settlement Act to allow a group of 30 or more men and their families to establish a commune in Queensland. This led to many groups forming to pursue the goal of establishing a commune; one of these groups called themselves Byrnestown after the then Queensland Attorney-General Thomas Joseph Byrnes (who would become Premier of Queensland in 1898).[1][3] In late 1893, the groups were offered sites near Roma but, following an inspection, the Byrnestown group rejected that location believing that the sites offered were too far from the town.[2] In January 1893, the Byrnestown group inspected land in the Burnett area and found it suitable, having a water supply from the Wetherton Creek and frontage to the prospective railway to Gayndah. As a result, the Byrnestown commune (comprising 34 members) was registered on 24 February 1894 receiving {{convert|4600|acre}} for an 8-year term. Another group calling themselves Resolute selected land immediately to the east of the Byrnestown group, while a third group Bon Accord also took land in the Burnett area at Bon Accord.[3][3][4] The first of the Byrnestown settlers arrived in March 1894.[5] Although all communes were given initial funds, by June 1894, Byrnestown requested and received additional financial assistance.[6] By October 1894, there were 169 people in the Byrnestown commune: 34 men, 28 wives and 107 children. The group had erected numerous bark dwellings, farm buildings and were beginning work on a school building, but had made more limited progress on clearing and planting the land.[7][8] The Byrnestown commune did not succeed. As early as November 1894, there were allegations (denied by the group) that some of their members were working outside the commune but not contributing their wages to the commune as their agreement required.[8] The following month some members were petitioning the government for funds, saying that the commune's management committee was denying them food.[9] At the agricultural show at Degilbo in February 1895, it was revealed that 6 men had left the group and a further 9 were refusing to work, with the group's secretary suggesting the internal disputes arose from differences in nationality and religion.[10] An inspection in April 1895 reported on limited progress at cultivation of the land, possibly linked to the number of men in the group working outside the commune.[11] By July 1895, members of group had resorted to legal action over the management committee refusal to provide food to members who disagreed with their decisions.[12] Byrnestown was not alone in its failure; in August 1895 a report by the Under-Secretary for Agriculture revealed most of the communes established were "in a state of collapse" and that there was little prospect of them being economically self-supporting.[13] One small success for the commune was the opening of the Byrnestown Provisional School on 4 September 1895.[14] However, the Byrnestown commune soon complained that children from the neighbouring Resolute commune were attending their school without contributing to it.[15] In October 1895 the Byrnestown committee instituted a system of punishments for any member (or their wife) who criticised their commune or suggested it might not be a success.[16] In December 1895, the Queensland Government passed legislation to enable communes to be dissolved and the communal land divided among the members.[17] The members of Byrnestown immediately petitioned the Queensland Government to divide their communal land into individual portions.[18] In April 1896, {{convert|2560|acre}} of the Byrnestown communal land was divided among 16 of its members, bringing the commune to an end.[19] Those members who chose to take up individual land generally succeeded in their enterprise and were described less than two years later in February 1896 as "doing pretty well", suggesting that dissolution of the commune had rid the community of those men unsuited to agriculture or generally disinclined to work.[20] In 1903, there were over {{convert|1000|acre}} under cultivation, growing mostly maize, potatoes and fodder crops; the main barrier to greater prosperity was the distance to the railway.[21] The Byrnestown Provisional School was originally housed in a bark humpy, but, through the efforts of Roman Catholic priest Father Michael Joseph McKiernan, it was replaced by a more substantial building.[22] It became a state school in 1909. A second school, Byrnestown Central State School, opened on 20 May 1913,[23] after which the first school was often known as Old Byrnestown School. The old school closed in 1931 and its buildings were relocated in 1932 to Wilson Valley.[24] In 1938, Byrnestown Central State School was renamed Byrnestown State School. It closed on 31 December 1970.[14][25][26] Byrnestown Post Office opened by November 1903 (a receiving office had been open from 1898) and closed in 1911. Byrnestown Railway Station Post Office opened by June 1910 (a receiving office had been open from 1909, briefly known as Ginoon) and closed in 1974.[27] The Church of the Sacred Heart was opened in Byrnestown on 22 February 1925 by Roman Catholic Archbishop James Duhig.[28] In May 1931, a railway carriage carrying the Queensland Premier Arthur Edward Moore and Robert Boyd MLA and their wives came detached during shunting operations at the Gooroolba junction and rolled away, gathering speed down a streep grade. It hurtled, swaying dangerously, through Byrnestown railway station and eventually came to a halt five miles later on flat ground near the Wetheron railway station. Nobody was hurt.[29][30] Heritage listingThe Byrnestown Commune and Cemetery are listed on the North Burnett Regional Council's local heritage register.[31] References1. ^1 {{cite QPN|45325|Byrnestown|accessdate=3 August 2013}} 2. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article123344944 |title=Co-operative Communities. |newspaper=Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald & General Advertiser |date=2 December 1893 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}} 3. ^{{cite news |title=QUEENSLAND NEWS. |newspaper=The Morning Bulletin |location=Rockhampton, Qld. |date=10 January 1894 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}} 4. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3574803 |title=THE MAYORAL ELECTION. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |date=21 February 1894 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}} 5. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article123751151 |title=Our Brisbane Letter. |newspaper=Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald & General Advertiser |date=3 March 1894 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}} 6. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article123759340 |title=Co-operative Groups. |newspaper=Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald & General Advertiser |date=7 June 1894 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}} 7. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3588651 |title=LAND SETTLEMENT GROUPS IN THE BURNETT. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |date=5 October 1894 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}} 8. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20722215 |title=The Byrnestown Co-operative Group. |newspaper=The Queenslander |date=17 November 1894 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=916 |via=National Library of Australia}} 9. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article123751040 |title=The Byrnestown Group. |newspaper=Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald & General Advertiser |date=13 December 1894 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3596582 |title=A VISIT TO DEGILBO. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |date=11 February 1895 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}} 11. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article67942744 |title=MR. CAMERON, M.L.A., AT LONG REACH. |newspaper=The Capricornian |location=Rockhampton, Qld. |date=13 April 1895 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=11 |via=National Library of Australia}} 12. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article76717154 |title=LOCAL AND GENERAL. |newspaper=The Northern Miner |location=Charters Towers, Qld. |date=2 July 1895 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}} 13. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article79759773 |title=Co-operative Settlements. |newspaper=The Western Champion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts |location=Barcaldine, Qld. |date=13 August 1895 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=11 |via=National Library of Australia}} 14. ^1 {{cite QSA Agency|6460|Byrnestown State School|30 May 2014}} 15. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article21639342 |title=THE COMMUNITY SCHOOL. |newspaper=The Queenslander |date=28 December 1895 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=1240 |via=National Library of Australia}} 16. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article79760930 |title=The Western Champion. |newspaper=The Western Champion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts |location=Barcaldine, Qld. |date=8 October 1895 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}} 17. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article21638652 |title=Gallery Notes. |newspaper=The Queenslander |date=7 December 1895 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=1101 |via=National Library of Australia}} 18. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3614171 |title=POLITICAL POINTS. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |date=4 December 1895 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}} 19. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3623435 |title=CO-OPERATIVE GROUPS. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |date=15 April 1896 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}} 20. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3666978 |title=IN THE GAYNDAH DISTRICT. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |date=23 February 1898 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}} 21. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19240065 |title=COUNTRY NEWS. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |date=4 September 1903 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}} 22. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article0 |title=A MAN AND HIS WORK: THE LATE FATHER M'KIERNAN. |newspaper=The Queenslander |date=6 February 1904 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}} 23. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19845933 |title=Public Works. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |date=11 October 1912 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}} 24. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article21799138 |title=PUBLIC WORKS. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |date=15 April 1932 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}} 25. ^{{Cite QldSchool|accessdate=29 May 2014}} 26. ^{{Citation | author1=Queensland Family History Society | title=Queensland schools past and present | publication-date=2010 | publisher=Queensland Family History Society | edition=Version 1.01 | isbn=978-1-921171-26-0 | url=http://www.qfhs.org.au/shop/shop-catalogue/society-publications/schools/qfhscd120/ | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530060639/http://www.qfhs.org.au/shop/shop-catalogue/society-publications/schools/qfhscd120/ | archivedate=30 May 2014 | df=dmy-all }} 27. ^{{Cite web | last = Premier Postal History | title = Post Office List | publisher = Premier Postal Auctions | url = https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=QLD&country= | accessdate = 10 May 2014 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140515223132/http://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=QLD&country= | archivedate = 15 May 2014 | df = dmy-all }} 28. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20901286 |title=The new church of the Sacred Heart, Byrnestown, blessed and opened by his Grace Archbishop Duhig on 22nd inst. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |date=27 February 1925 |accessdate=17 June 2015 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}} 29. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article94240119 |title=RUNAWAY. |newspaper=Northern Star |location=Lismore, NSW |date=4 May 1931 |accessdate=17 June 2015 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}} 30. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article100121335 |title=DASHED FIVE MILES. |newspaper=Sunday Mail |location=Brisbane |date=3 May 1931 |accessdate=17 June 2015 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}} 31. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Byrnestown Commune and Cemetery |url=http://www.northburnett.qld.gov.au/res/file/Local%20Heritage%20Register/AE/Byrnestown%20Commune%20and%20Cemetery.pdf |work=Local Heritage Register |publisher=North Burnett Regional Council |accessdate=29 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530020346/http://www.northburnett.qld.gov.au/res/file/Local%20Heritage%20Register/AE/Byrnestown%20Commune%20and%20Cemetery.pdf |archivedate=30 May 2014 |df=dmy }} Further reading
External links
3 : Towns in Queensland|North Burnett Region|Utopian communities |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。