| 词条 | Archibald Leitch |
| 释义 |
}}{{Infobox architect |name = Archibald Keir Leitch |image = Archibald-Leitch.jpg |image_size = |caption = |nationality = Scottish |birth_date = {{birth date|1865|4|27|df=y}} |birth_place = Glasgow, Scotland |death_date = {{death date and age|1939|4|25|1865|4|27|df=y}} |significant_buildings = |significant_projects = (Tea Factories in the Kandyan Kingdom of Deltota Ceylon), Bramall Lane, Arsenal Stadium, Stamford Bridge, Celtic Park, Anfield, Craven Cottage, Hampden Park, Roker Park, Old Trafford, Villa Park, Ibrox, Goodison Park, White Hart Lane, Fratton Park, Valley Parade, Tynecastle Park (Heart of Midlothian). }}Archibald Keir Leitch (27 April 1865 – 25 April 1939) was a Scottish architect, most famous for his work designing football stadiums throughout Britain and Ireland.[1] Early workBorn in Glasgow, Leitch's early work was on designing tea factories in Deltota in the former Kandyan Kingdom of Ceylon, as well as factories in his home city and in Lanarkshire, the sole surviving example of which being the category A listed Sentinel Works at Jessie Street, Polmadie[2]{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=May 2018}}, just south of Glasgow city centre. In 1896 he became a member of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, and later of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.[3] He moved into stadium design when he was commissioned to build Ibrox Park, the new home ground of his boyhood heroes Rangers, in 1899. Stadium design{{Refimprove|date=November 2015}}Leitch's stadiums were initially considered functional rather than aesthetically elegant, and were clearly influenced by his early work on industrial buildings. Typically, his stands had two tiers, with criss-crossed steel balustrades at the front of the upper tier, and were covered by a series of pitched roofs, built so that their ends faced onto the playing field; the central roof span would be distinctly larger, and would incorporate a distinctive pediment. His first project in England was the design and building of the John Street Stand at Bramall Lane, which provided 3,000 seats and terracing for 6,000 and was dominated by a large mock-Tudor press box. Even after the Ibrox disaster of 1902, when 26 people were killed when a bank of wooden terracing collapsed,[5] Leitch was still in demand. Over the next four decades he became Britain's foremost football architect. In total he was commissioned to design part or all of more than 20 stadiums in the UK and Ireland between 1899 and 1939, including:
Many of his works have since been demolished for redevelopment (especially in wake of the Taylor Report and the move to all-seater stadiums), most notably the Trinity Road Stand at Villa Park, considered his masterpiece, which was demolished in 2000.[9] The main stand and pavilion at Craven Cottage, the facade of the main stand at Ibrox (although the stand itself has been remodelled) and the Bullens Road and Gwladys Street stands at Goodison Park still survive to this day; they are now listed buildings, as was the Leitch-designed main stand at Heart of Midlothian's Tynecastle Park, however in 2016 permission was granted for that structure to be demolished and replaced.[10][11] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/archibald-leitch-remembering-britains-football-architect-old-trafford-anfield|title=The chronicles of Archibald Keir Leitch: Remembering Britain's legendary football architect}} 2. ^Sentinel Waggon Works#Alley & MacLellan, Sentinel Works, Jessie Street Glasgow 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=202257|title=Dictionary of Scottish Architects - DSA Architect Biography Report (November 7, 2015, 2:04 pm)|work=scottisharchitects.org.uk}} 4. ^[https://archive.org/stream/concreteconstruc05lond#page/16/mode/2up "Reinforced Concrete Football Stand at Bradford"], Concrete and Constructional Engineering, Vol. V., No. 1, January 1910, pp. 16-22. 5. ^{{cite journal | last =Sheils | first =Robert | title =The fatalities at the Ibrox disaster of 1902 |journal=The Sports Historian | volume =18 | issue =2 | pages =148–155 | publisher=British Society of Sports History |date=November 1998 | url =http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/SportsHistorian/1998/sh182k.pdf |format=PDF | doi =10.1080/17460269809445801|authorlink =Robert Sheils}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2011/may/20/a-place-in-history |title=A Place In History |publisher=Fulham F.C. |date=20 May 2011|accessdate=30 October 2017}} 7. ^Athletic News, 9 June 1913. 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gersnet.co.uk/index.php/online-museum/history-articles/510-archibald-leitch-engineering-archie-the-designer-of-ibrox |title=Archibald Leitch – 'Engineering Archie': The Designer of Ibrox |publisher=Gersnet, the Rangers Archive |accessdate=30 October 2017}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2000/may/14/newsstory.sport8|title=Last rites for the holy Trinity|last=Inglis|first=Simon|newspaper=The Observer|date=14 May 2000|accessdate=30 October 2017}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hearts/hearts-ready-go-to-work-on-tynecastle-s-new-main-stand-1-4287392 |title=Hearts ready go to work on Tynecastle’s new main stand |work=Edinburgh Evening News |date=15 November 2016 |accessdate=30 October 2017 |first=Barry |last=Anderson}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.heartsfc.co.uk/news/5898 |title=Tynecastle Park reinstated |work= |publisher=Heart of Midlothian FC |date=28 April 2017 |accessdate=30 October 2017}} Further reading
External links
6 : 1865 births|1939 deaths|Scottish architects|Football in the United Kingdom|People from Glasgow|Place of death missing |
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