| 词条 | Camberwell Cemeteries |
| 释义 |
The two Camberwell cemeteries are close to one another in Honor Oak, south London, England. Both have noteworthy burials and architecture,[1][2] and they are an important source of socioeconomic data in recording the historical growth and changing demography in the community for the Southwark area since 1855.[3] Camberwell Old Cemetery{{coord|51.4508|N|0.0585|W|region:GB}}The site was purchased in 1855 by the Camberwell Cemetery Board (formed 1850) from the Trustees of Sir Walter St John's Charity at Battersea for £9,927.00.[3] It was originally meadow land, which was then designated as a Burial Ground of St Giles, Camberwell.[7] The first interment took place on 3 July 1856; over 30,000 burials took place in the subsequent 30 years. In 1874 the cemetery was expanded by a further seven acres with the inclusion of land bought from the British Land Company for £4,550.00.[3] By 1984, 300,000 interments had been carried out at the cemetery.[8] The Gothic Revival lodge and two chapels (one Church of England and one Non-Conformist) were designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott's architectural firm.[7][9] When burials were transferred to the New Cemetery the chapel fell into disrepair and both were demolished in the 1960s. A third (Roman Catholic) chapel was demolished in the 1970s.[10] Later the architectural importance of the lodge was recognised[11] and when it was destroyed by fire in the 1970s it was restored rather than being torn down. The lodge was used in the 1970 film adaptation of Joe Orton's play Entertaining Mr Sloane.[12] There are 288 Commonwealth service war graves from the First World War, 160 of whom are in a war graves plot in cemetery's north-east corner where there are two Screen Wall memorials, one listing those buried in the plot and the other those buried elsewhere in the cemetery whose graves could not be marked by headstones. There is also a group of special memorials to 14 casualties buried in the Second World War.[13] There is also an unusual First World War memorial dedicated to 21 civilians who were killed in a Zeppelin raid on Camberwell in 1917.[14] On 1 July and 21 July 1944 V1 flying bombs landed in the cemetery. The blasts caused damage to surrounding properties, but no casualties.[15] On 3 November 2011 Azezur Khan (a.k.a. Ronnie), was shot dead following a funeral in the cemetery.[16] Police believe that Mr Khan was an innocent bystander.[17] Notable graves in the Old Cemetery
Camberwell New Cemetery{{coord|51.4542|N|0.0477|W|region:GB}}The cemetery is located on Brenchley Gardens about half a mile from the old cemetery. In the early 20th Century it was recognised that the original cemetery would be at capacity[8] in the near future. The land for the new cemetery was purchased in three lots in 1901:
Following its acquisition much of the {{convert|68|acre|km2}} of land was rented out for other uses, including a golf club and a fireworks factory run by Joseph Wells.[3] Although much of the land was later used for interments there are large portions that remain unused for burials. Some of this land is now a recreation ground and there now is strong local opposition to this land being used for its original purpose of burials.[8] In 1926 the first part of the land was laid out as a cemetery and was consecrated by the Right Reverend William Woodcock Hough, Bishop of Woolwich. The first interment took place on 23 May 1927. A smaller section was set aside for use of Free Churches.[3] The lodge, waiting room and mortuary chapels were designed by Sir Aston Webb and his son, Maurice.[25] Maurice Webb was the architect for the crematorium, built in 1939 to meet a growing demand for cremations. It is situated in the cemetery grounds, ten acres of which were landscaped as memorial gardens. The crematorium is also a listed building[26] and is notable for its beautiful stained glass window.[27] By 1984 over 91,000 cremations had been conducted.[3] In addition to one grave from the First World War, there are 198 Commonwealth service war graves of the Second, some 80 of the latter in war graves plot in Squares 91 and 92. A Screen Wall memorial lists some 120 whose graves could not be marked by headstones, and 56 other service personnel who were cremated at the crematorium.[28] The cemetery has recently been used as a filming location for London Boulevard and Hereafter[29] Notable graves in the New Cemetery
References1. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=8-ROAAAAMAAJ London Cemeteries: An Illustrated Guide and Gazetteer, Mellor and Parsons, 4th edition 2008] {{Cemeteries in London}}2. ^Camberwell Old Cemetery London's forgotten Valhalla, R Woollacott, 2000 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200001/cmselect/cmenvtra/91/91m82.htm UK Parliament, Memorandum by Southwark Regeneration (CEM 77), 2000] 4. ^Genealogical Research, England and Wales, Victorian London Cemeteries 5. ^London's Victorian Garden Cemeteries, Catherine Richards, Time Travel Britain 6. ^Victorian London - Death and dying - Overcrowding, The Victorian Dictionary, compiled by Lee Jackson 7. ^1 Southwark Council, Cemeteries, Camberwell Old Cemetery 8. ^1 2 Save Honor Oak Recreation Park,The Forest Hill Society.com 9. ^Architecture in Cemeteries, Ancestry Aid, Mary C 10. ^London Cemeteries: An Illustrated Guide and Gazetteeer by Hugh Meller & Brian Parsons 11. ^Lodge to Old Camberwell Cemetery, British Listed Buildings 12. ^[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0065700/locations Entertaining Mr Sloane(1970), Internet Movie Database] 13. ^ CWGC Cemetery report. 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1385532|title=Monument to Members of Public Killed by Zeppelin, Camberwell Old Cemetery (1385532)|publisher=Historic England}} 15. ^Flying Bombs and Rockets, V1 & V2 Logs SE21 & 22 Dulwich, Camberwell Old Cemetery, 02/07/44 16. ^Metropolitan Police, News Item Accessed 10/11/11 17. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-15683463 BBC News 10/11/11] 18. ^Albert Edward McKenzie, Grave locations for holders of the Victoria Cross, South East London 19. ^William Stanlake, Grave locations for holders of the Victoria Cross, South East London 20. ^Monument to Charles Waters, Camberwell Old Cemetery, British Listed Buildings 21. ^Eminent Railwaymen of Yesteryear, James J. Berkeley, Indian Railway Fan Club, R.R.Bhandari, July 2008 22. ^[https://wiki.fibis.org/w/James_John_Berkeley James John Berkeley, FIBIS Wiki, January 2019] 23. ^Horniman, Frederick John - Horniman Museum & Garden's website 24. ^[https://loughborough-junction.org/2016/12/01/the-mystical-church-of-the-comforter-in-denmark-hill-railway-station/ The Mystical Church of the Comforter, Denmark Hill Railway Station] 25. ^Lodge, Camberwell New Cemetery, British Listed Buildings 26. ^Cremetorium, Camberwell New Cemetery, British Listed Buildings 27. ^Honor Oak Park, Get Walking 28. ^ CWGC Cemetery report. 29. ^Film London, Guide to filming in London, November 2010, Camberwell New Cemetery 30. ^George Cornell, Camberwell New Cemetery and Crematorium, Find a grave 31. ^Freddie Mills, Camberwell New Cemetery and Crematorium, Find a grave 32. ^Super Strength Books, William A Pullum: Wizard of the Weight-Lifting World 33. ^William Pullum, Camberwell New Cemetery and Crematorium, Find a grave 34. ^William A. Pullum, The Underground, Mixed Martial Arts, Ross Enamait 35. ^London Cemeteries: An Illustrated Guide and Gazetteer, by Hugh Meller & Brian Parsons 36. ^London Gardens Online: Camberwell New Cemetery 5 : Cemeteries in London|Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Southwark|Anglican cemeteries in the United Kingdom|Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries in England|Honor Oak |
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