“1945 in literature”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Events

January – In Paris, journalist and poet Robert Brasillach is tried and found guilty of "intelligence with the (German) enemy" during World War II, sparking a major dispute in French society over collaboration and clemency.^[1]

c. January 1 – Jean-Paul Sartre refuses the Legion of Honour.

January 27 – Primo Levi is among those liberated from the Auschwitz concentration camp complex.

February – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn is sentenced to eight years in a labour camp for criticism of Joseph Stalin.

February 13–15 – The bombing of Dresden in World War II is witnessed by German Jewish diarist Victor Klemperer, by novelist Kurt Vonnegut as an American prisoner of war, and by Miles Tripp as a British bomb aimer. It will feature in Józef Mackiewicz's novel Sprawa pulkownika Miasojedowa (Colonel Miasoyedov's Case, 1962), Bohumil Hrabal's Ostře sledované vlaky (Closely Observed Trains, 1965) and Vonnegut's A Duty-Dance with Death (1969).

March 4 – Poet Pablo Neruda is elected a Chilean senator and officially joins the Communist Party of Chile four months later.

March 8 – Federico García Lorca's play The House of Bernarda Alba, completed just before his assassination in 1936, is first performed, in Buenos Aires.

March 31 – Tennessee Williams' semi-autobiographical "memory play" The Glass Menagerie (1944, adapted from a short story) has its Broadway première at the Playhouse Theatre (New York City), starring Laurette Taylor and winning the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award.^[2]

By about end March – Jack Kerouac and William S. Burroughs complete their mystery novel And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks, a fictionalisation of manslaughter committed in 1944 by their friend Lucien Carr, but it will not be published in full until 2008.^[3]

May – Estonian poet Heiti Talvik is deported to Siberia and never heard of again.

May 2

Expatriate American poet Ezra Pound is arrested by the Italian resistance movement and taken to its headquarters in Chiavari, where he is soon released as being of no interest.^[4] On May 5, he turns himself in to the United States Army. He is held in a military detention camp outside Pisa, spending 25 days in an open cage before being given a tent. Here he appears to suffer a nervous breakdown. While in the camp, he drafts The Pisan Cantos.
French novelist Colette is the first woman to be admitted to the Académie Goncourt.

May 8 – End of World War II in Europe. The occupying powers in Allied-occupied Germany and Austria impose restrictions on publishing as part of denazification.^[5]

June – Australia's best-known literary hoax takes place when the modernist magazine Angry Penguins is published with poems by the fictitious Ern Malley. Poets James McAuley and Harold Stewart created the verses from lines of other published work and then sent them as the purported work of a recently deceased poet. The hoax is played on Max Harris, at the time a 22-year-old avant garde poet and critic who had started the publication Angry Penguins. Harris and his circle agree that a hitherto completely unknown modernist poet of great merit has come to light in suburban Australia. The Autumn 1944 edition of the magazine with the poems comes out in mid-1945 due to wartime printing delays. An Australian newspaper reveals the hoax within weeks. McAuley and Stewart love early modernist poets, but despise later modernism, especially the well-funded Angry Penguins and Harris's precocious success.

c. July – Theatre Workshop is formed in the north of England by Joan Littlewood, Ewan MacColl and other former members of Theatre Union as a touring company.

August 17 – The allegorical dystopian novella Animal Farm by George Orwell, a satire on Stalinism, is first published by Fredric Warburg in London.

September 11 – The Citizens Theatre opens in Glasgow under this name.

October 29 – Vladimir Nabokov's application to become a naturalized citizen of the United States, first made in 1940, is granted.^[6]

November 1 – The U.S. magazine Ebony appears.

November 26 – The U. K. film Brief Encounter is adapted from Noël Coward's short play Still Life.

November – Astrid Lindgren's children's book Pippi Långstrump, with illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman, is published in Sweden by Rabén & Sjögren, having won a competition run by the publisher for children's books in August. It introduces the anarchic child heroine Pippi Longstocking. An English translation appears as Pippi Longstocking.

December 21 – André Malraux is appointed Minister of Information by the new French President, Charles de Gaulle.

December – Nag Hammadi library, a collection of Gnostic texts, is discovered in Upper Egypt.

New books

Fiction

Ivo Andrić

The Bridge on the Drina (Na Drini Ćuprija)
Travnička hronika (Travnik Chronicle, Bosnian Chronicle, Bosnian Story, The Days of the Consuls)
Gospođica (The Young Lady, The Woman from Sarajevo)

Nigel Balchin – Mine Own Executioner

Banine – Caucasian days (Jours caucasiens)

Frans G. Bengtsson – The Long Ships (Röde Orm), part 2

Adolfo Bioy Casares – A Plan for Escape (Plan de evasión)

Robert Bloch – The Opener of the Way (anthology)

Arna Bontemps – Anyplace But Here

Hermann Broch – The Death of Virgil (Der Tod des Vergil)

Gwendolyn Brooks – A Street in Bronzeville

Taylor Caldwell – The Wide House

John Dickson Carr (as Carter Dickson) – The Curse of the Bronze Lamp

Vera Caspary – Bedelia

Agatha Christie – Sparkling Cyanide

Thomas B. Costain – The Black Rose

Gertrude Crampton – Tootle

Sergiu Dan – Unde începe noaptea

Simone de Beauvoir – The Blood of Others (Le Sang des autres)

August Derleth

"In Re: Sherlock Holmes" – The Adventures of Solar Pons
Something Near

C. S. Forester – The Commodore (also Commodore Hornblower)

Varian Fry – Surrender on Demand

Julien Gracq – A Dark Stranger

Henry Green – Loving

Chester Himes – If He Hollers Let Him Go

Tove Jansson – The Moomins and the Great Flood (Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen, first in the Moomin series of 14 books)

Ruth Krauss – The Carrot Seed

Margery Lawrence – Number Seven, Queer Street

Robert Lawson – Rabbit Hill

J. Sheridan Le Fanu (d. 1873) – Green Tea and Other Ghost Stories

C. S. Lewis – That Hideous Strength

H. P. Lovecraft and August Derleth – The Lurker at the Threshold

Compton Mackenzie – The North Wind of Love, Book 2 (last of The Four Winds of Love hexalogy)

Hugh MacLennan – Two Solitudes

Nancy Mitford – The Pursuit of Love

R. K. Narayan – The English Teacher

George Orwell – Animal Farm

Gabrielle Roy – Bonheur d'occasion (The Tin Flute)

Jean-Paul Sartre – L'Âge de raison (The Age of Reason)

Elizabeth Smart – By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept

John Steinbeck – Cannery Row

Noel Streatfeild – Saplings

James Thurber – The Thurber Carnival (anthology)

Tarjei Vesaas – The House in the Dark

Elio Vittorini – Uomini e no (Men and not Men)

Mika Waltari – The Egyptian (Sinuhe egyptiläinen)

Evangeline Walton – Witch House

Evelyn Waugh – Brideshead Revisited

Charles Williams – All Hallows' Eve

Cornell Woolrich – Night Has a Thousand Eyes

Children and young people

Rev. W. Awdry – Three Railway Engines (first in 42 Railway Series books by Awdry and his son Christopher Awdry)

Selina Chönz and Alois Carigiet – Uorsin (Schellen-Ursli. Ein Engadiner Bilderbuch, translated as A Bell for Ursli)

Marguerite Henry – Justin Morgan Had a Horse

Tove Jannson – The Moomins and the Great Flood (Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen)

Jim Kjelgaard – Big Red

Ruth Krauss – The Carrot Seed

Robert Lawson – Rabbit Hill

Lois Lenski – Strawberry Girl

Astrid Lindgren – Pippi Longstocking (Pippi Långstrump, first in the Pippi Longstocking series of three full-length and six picture books)

E. B. White – Stuart Little

Drama

Jacinto Benavente – La infanzona
Mary Chase – Harvey
Eduardo De Filippo – Napoli milionaria ("The Millions of Naples")
Norman Ginsbury – The First Gentleman
Jean Giraudoux (posthumously) – The Madwoman of Chaillot (La Folle de Chaillot)
Curt Goetz – The House in Montevideo (Das Haus in Montevideo)
Walter Greenwood – The Cure for Love
Arthur Laurents – Home of the Brave
J. B. Priestley – An Inspector Calls
Vernon Sylvaine – Madame Louise

Poetry

Idris Davies – Tonypandy and other poems

Non-fiction

R. G. Collingwood – The Idea of Nature
Françoise Frenkel – Rien où poser sa tête (No place to lay one's head)
Carlo Emilio Gadda – Eros e Priapo
Jacquetta Hawkes – Early Britain
Aldous Huxley – The Perennial Philosophy
Arthur Koestler – The Yogi and the Commissar and Other Essays
Carlo Levi – Christ Stopped at Eboli (Cristo si è fermato a Eboli)
C. S. Lewis – The Great Divorce (serialization concludes and book publication)
Betty MacDonald – The Egg and I
Karl Popper – The Open Society and Its Enemies
Bertrand Russell – A History of Western Philosophy And Its Connection with Political and Social Circumstances from the Earliest Times to the Present Day
Ernesto Sabato – One and the Universe (Uno y el Universo)
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. – The Age of Jackson
Henry DeWolf Smyth – Smyth Report (A General Account of the Development of Methods of Using Atomic Energy for Military Purposes)
Richard Wright – Black Boy

Births

January 3 – David Starkey, English historian
January 20 – Robert Olen Butler, American novelist and short story writer
January 30 – Michael Dorris, American writer (died 1997)
February 12 – David Small, American author and illustrator
February 23 – Robert Gray, Australian poet and critic
February 25 – Shiva Naipaul, Trinidad-born novelist (died 1985)
March 19 – Jim Turner, American literary editor (died 1999)
April 2 – Anne Waldman, American poet
April 16 – Sebastian Barker, English poet and journalist (died 2014)
April 27 – August Wilson, American playwright (died 2005)
April 30 – Annie Dillard, American poet and prose writer
June 11 – Robert Munsch, American-Canadian author and academic
July 5 – Michael Blake, American novelist and screenwriter (died 2015)
July 9 – Dean Koontz, American novelist
July 12 – Remy Sylado (Yapi Panda Abdiel Tambayong), Indonesian writer
July 21 – Wendy Cope, English poet
July 30 – Patrick Modiano, French novelist, Nobel laureate
October 15 – John Murrell, American-born dramatist
November 24 – Nuruddin Farah, Somali novelist
December 17 – Jacqueline Wilson, English children's writer
Unknown dates
- Justin Cartwright, South African-born novelist
- Esther Croft, French Canadian novelist and short-story writer
- Raymond E. Feist, American fantasy writer
- Mari Strachan, Welsh novelist

Deaths

January 13 – Margaret Deland, American novelist (born 1857)
January 15 – Ursula Bethell, English-born New Zealand poet (born 1874)
January 22 – Else Lasker-Schüler, German-born Jewish poet (born 1869)
January 27 – Antal Szerb, Hungarian writer (in concentration camp, born 1901)
February 6 – Robert Brasillach, French writer (executed, born 1909)
February 23 – Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Russian writer (born 1883)
c. March 12 – Anne Frank, German-born Dutch child diarist (probable typhus in concentration camp, born 1929)
March 20 – Lord Alfred Douglas, English poet (born 1870)
March 31 – Maurice Donnay, French dramatist (born 1859)
April – Josef Čapek, Czech artist and writer (in concentration camp, born 1887)
April 9 – Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German theologian (hanged in concentration camp, born 1906)
May 15 – Charles Williams, English author (born 1886)
May 29 – Mihail Sebastian, Romanian Jewish playwright, essayist, and novelist (road accident, born 1907)
June 5 – Ilie Bărbulescu, Romanian linguist and journalist (born 1873)
June 8 – Robert Desnos, French poet (in concentration camp, born 1900)
July 13 – Alla Nazimova, Crimean-born American scriptwriter and actress (born 1879)
July 25 – Charles Gilman Norris, American novelist (born 1881)
August 18 – E. R. Eddison, English fantasy writer (born 1882)
August 20 – Alexander Roda Roda, Austro-Croatian-born novelist (born 1872)
August 26 – Franz Werfel, Bohemian-born writer (born 1890)
September 9 – Zinaida Gippius, émigré Russian writer (born 1869)
September 21 – Ioan C. Filitti, Romanian historian, political theorist and essayist (born 1879)
September 22 – Thomas Burke, English novelist and story writer (born 1886)
October 8 – Felix Salten, Austrian-born children's writer (born 1869)
November 21 – Robert Benchley, American humorist (born 1889)
December 4 – Arthur Morrison, English writer (born 1863)
December 28 – Theodore Dreiser, American author (born 1871)

Awards

James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: L. A. G. Strong, Travellers
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: D. S. MacColl, Philip Wilson Steer
Newbery Medal for children's literature: Robert Lawson, Rabbit Hill
Nobel Prize for literature: Gabriela Mistral
Premio Nadal: José Félix Tapia, La luna ha entrado en casa
Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Mary Chase, Harvey
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Karl Shapiro, V-Letter and Other Poems
Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: John Hersey, A Bell for Adano

References

1. ^{{cite book |last=Judt |first=Tony |authorlink=Tony Judt |title=Past Imperfect. French Intellectuals, 1944–1956 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1992 |isbn=0-520-07921-3 |pages=63–74}}
2. ^{{cite web |title=The Glass Menagerie |work=Internet Broadway Database |url=http://www.ibdb.com/show.php?id=3932 |publisher=The Broadway League |accessdate=2014-12-16}}
3. ^{{cite news |first=John |last=Walsh |title=The young generation: Burroughs and Kerouac – an unpublished collaboration|newspaper=The Independent |location=London |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/the-young-generation-burroughs-and-kerouac--an-unpublished-collaboration-986188.html |date=2008-11-03 |accessdate=2015-07-13}}
4. ^Hugh Kenner.
5. ^{{cite book |title=The Book: A Global History |editor1=Suarez, Michael F. |editor2=Woudhuysen, H. R. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013|isbn=978-0-19-967941-6}}
6. ^{{cite web |title=Vladimir Nabokov immigration files |url=http://www.nabokovsecrethistory.com/records-vladimir.html |work=The Secret History of Vladimir Nabokov |first=Andrea |last=Pitzer|year=2013 |accessdate=2015-08-03}}

3 : 1945 books|Years in literature|Years of the 20th century in literature