| 词条 | Canadian Whites |
| 释义 |
|type = Golden |subject = Canadian Comic Books |image = Nelvana2Cover.jpg |imagesize = |caption = Adrian Dingle's Nelvana of the Northern Lights #2 (Hillborough Studios, October 1941) |date1 = c.1941 |date2 = c.1947 |parentage = |prevage = |nextage = |subage = |see = }} Canadian Whites were World War II-era comic books published in Canada that featured colour covers with black-and-white interiors. Notable characters include Nelvana of the Northern Lights,{{efn|the first female Canadian superhero, predating Wonder Woman by several months}} Johnny Canuck, Brok Windsor, and Canada Jack. The period has been called the Golden Age of Canadian comics. Background{{see also|The Great Canadian Comic Books}}For the most part, the "Whites" had colour covers with interiors printed in black ink on white paper,[1][2] although there was a handful of comics with colour interiors.[1] They proliferated in Canada after the War Exchange Conservation Act[1] restricted the importation of non-essential goods from the United States into Canada, including fiction periodicals.[2] Four companies took advantage of the situation by publishing comics in Canada, sometimes using imported scripts. Anglo-American Publishing of Toronto and Maple Leaf Publishing in Vancouver started publishing in March 1941. Later, two other Toronto-based publishers joined in: Hillborough Studios that August, and Bell Features (originally Commercial Signs of Canada[3]) in September.[2] Some of the more notable "Whites" creators included Ed Furness, Ted McCall, Adrian Dingle, Gerald Lazare, Jon St. Ables, Fred Kelly, and Leo Bachle, all of whom would later be inducted into the Joe Shuster Award's Canadian Comic Book Creator Hall of Fame.[4] This period has been called the Golden Age of Canadian comics,[5] but the age of the "Whites" did not last long.[4] When the trade restrictions were lifted following World War II,{{efn|the import prohibition was repealed, effective August 1, 1944,[6] but foreign exchange controls effectively prevented American comics from returning until the end of the war. The prohibition was revived in 1947[7] and continued until the end of 1950.[8][9]}} comic books from the United States were once again able to flow across the border. See also{{Portal|Comics|Canada}}
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^{{Cite canlaw|short title =The War Exchange Conservation Act, 1940|abbr =S.C.|year =1940-41|chapter = 2|link= https://archive.org/stream/actsofparl194041v01cana#page/6/mode/2up}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/comics/027002-8300-e.html|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|author=John Bell|authorlink = John Bell (historian)|accessdate=2011-12-18|title=Beyond the Funnies: Canadian Golden Age of Comics, 1941-1946|date=2002-06-24}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.comicbookdaily.com/collecting-community/undervalued/undervalued-spotlight-103/|title=Undervalued Spotlight #103: Better Comics #1, Maple Leaf Comics, March 1941|accessdate=2011-12-18|author=Walter Durajlija|date=2011-11-22|website=comicbookdaily.com}} 4. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://joeshusterawards.com/2009/06/09/canadian-golden-age-comics-online/|accessdate=2011-12-18|publisher=Joe Shuster Awards|title=Canadian Golden Age Comics Online}} 5. ^{{cite book |editor= John Bell|editor-link = John Bell (historian)|title= Canuck Comics|url= https://books.google.com/books/about/Canuck_comics.html?id=1qkcAAAAMAAJ|others= Special contributions from Luc Pomerleau and Robert MacMillan; Foreword by Harlan Ellison|year= 1986|publisher= Matrix Books/Eden Press|location= Downsview|isbn= 0-921101-00-7|page=}} 6. ^{{Cite canlaw|short title =An Act to amend The War Exchange Conservation Act, 1940|abbr =S.C.|year =1944|chapter = 50|link= https://archive.org/stream/actsofparl194445v01cana#page/452/mode/2up}} 7. ^initially under {{cite journal |author= |date= November 26, 1947|title= SOR/47-885|url= http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/canada-gazette/093/001060-119.01-e.php?image_id_nbr=371342&document_id_nbr=9941|journal= Canada Gazette, Part II|volume= 81|issue= 22|pages= 2190-2204}}, until replaced by {{Cite canlaw|short title =The Emergency Exchange Conservation Act|abbr =S.C.|year =1948|chapter = 7|link= https://archive.org/stream/actsofparl1948v01cana#page/n41/mode/2up}} 8. ^{{cite journal |author= |date= January 10, 1951|title= SOR/50-573|url= http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/canada-gazette/093/001060-119.01-e.php?image_id_nbr=395275&document_id_nbr=10073|journal= Canada Gazette, Part II|volume= 85|issue= 1|page= 7 }} 9. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.comicbookdaily.com/collecting-community/whites-tsunami-weca-splashes/feca/|title= FECA|last= Kocmarek|first=Ivan |date= July 16, 2014|website= comicbookdaily.com}} External links
Further reading
3 : History of Canadian comics|Comics industry|Golden Age of Comic Books |
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