| 词条 | Cannone-Mitragliera da 37/54 (Breda) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Cannone-Mitragliera da 37/54 (Breda) |image=Breda 37-54 Mod. 38.jpg |image_size=300 |caption=A twin 37/54 Modello 1938. |origin=Italy |type=Anti-aircraft gun |is_ranged=yes |is_explosive=yes |is_artillery=yes |service= |used_by= Kingdom of Italy Nazi Germany |wars=World War II |designer= |design_date= |manufacturer=Breda |production_date=1932–45 |number= |variants=Modello 32, Modello 38, Modello 39, Modello RM39 |weight= {{convert|277|kg|lb|abbr=on}} (Modello 38 without mounting) |length={{convert|3.28|m|ftin|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} |part_length={{convert|1.998|m|ftin|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} (L/54) |width= |height= |crew= |cartridge=Fixed QF 37 x 232mm SR[1] |cartridge_weight={{convert|1.25|-|1.63|kg|lboz|abbr=on}} (High-explosive shell) |caliber={{convert|37|mm|in|abbr=on}} |action=Gas operated |rate=60-90-120 rpm |velocity={{convert|800|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} |range={{convert|4000|m|yd|abbr=on}} |max_range={{convert|7800|m|yd|abbr=on}} |feed=Automatic |sights= |breech= |recoil= |carriage= |elevation=−10° to +90° (single mounts); −10° to +80° (twin mounts) |traverse=360° |diameter= |filling= |filling_weight= |detonation= |yield= }}{{commons Category|Cannone-Mitragliera da 37/54}} The Cannone-Mitragliera da 37/54 (Breda) was a {{convert|37|mm|abbr=on}} automatic anti-aircraft gun produced by the Breda company in Italy. It was used by both the Regia Marina and the Regio Esercito during World War II, with the former using it as the standard light anti-aircraft weapon on its battleships and cruisers. Nazi Germany used captured weapons after the surrender of Italy in 1943 as the 3.7 cm Breda (i). DesignThe Model 1932 was water-cooled, but the subsequent Models 1938 and 1939 were air-cooled; the gun was fed by a flat magazine holding six rounds, but it was possible to load them one after another to maintain a high rate of fire. It was possible to select alternate rates of fire, from 60 to 90 to 120 rpm. The twin Models 1932 and 1938 mountings were very heavy and required a strong supporting structure; the single Model 1939 (fitted on the Andrea Doria-class and Littorio-class battleships) was instead a single collapsible mount, which also had much less vibrations than its predecessors thanks to the addition of an equilibrator, and for this reason it was possible to fit it on small warships. Ship classes that carried the Breda 37/54 include: {{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
}} PerformanceAlthough appreciated in the Regia Marina, overall this gun was of limited efficacy because of its gas-operated action (which reduced its rate of fire) and its substantial vibrations (due to their non-recoiling mounting) which impaired accuracy; instead the single collapsible model, which largely obviated to the latter issue, was seen as a definite improvement, while still being rather heavy and with its production being insufficient to satisfy the needs.[2][3] Comparison of anti-aircraft guns
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.quarryhs.co.uk/ammotable5.html|title=31-37 MM CALIBRE CARTRIDGES|website=www.quarryhs.co.uk|access-date=2017-09-09}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Italy 37 mm/54 (1.5") Models 1932, 1938 and 1939|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_37mm-54_m1932.htm|website=NavWeaps|accessdate=3 June 2015}} 3. ^Bagnasco, p. 85 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_37mm-54_m1932.php|title=Italy 37 mm/54 (1.5") Models 1932, 1938 and 1939 - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-07}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNGER_37mm-83_skc30.php|title=Germany 3.7 cm/83 SK C/30 - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-07}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNFR_37-50_cail_m1933.php|title=France 37 mm/50 (1.46") Model 1925 and CAIL Model 1933 - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-07}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNGER_37mm-57_mk43.php|title=Germany 3.7 cm/57 (1.5") Flak M43 - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-07}} 8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/911907988|title=Jane's pocket book of towed artillery|last=Foss|first=Christopher|date=1977|publisher=Collier|page=27|isbn=0020806000|location=New York|oclc=911907988}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_37mm-67_70-K.php|title=Russia / USSR 37 mm/67 (1.5") 70-K - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-07}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNBR_2pounder_m8.php|title=United Kingdom / Britain 2-pdr QF Mark VIII - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-07}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_4cm-56_mk12.php|title=USA Bofors 40 mm/60 Model 1936 - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-07}} Bibliography
5 : World War II weapons of Italy|World War II anti-aircraft guns|World War II artillery of Italy|37 mm artillery|Breda weapons |
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