| 词条 | Philip Burton Moon |
| 释义 |
|name = Phlip Burton Moon |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = 17 May 1907 |birth_place = Lewisham, United Kingdom |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1994|10|09|1907|05|17}} |death_place = |citizenship = British |nationality = United Kingdom |fields = Nuclear physics |Occupation = |workplaces = University of Cambridge Imperial College, London Birmingham University Cavendish Laboratory University of Birmingham |alma_mater = Sidney Sussex College Cavendish Laboratory |doctoral_advisor =Ernest Rutherford |academic_advisors =Sir Mark Oliphant |doctoral_students =Noor Muhammad Butt |notable_students = |known_for =Tube Alloys Manhattan Project Gamma ray fluorescence development of atomic bomb 'Oliphant's satellite' |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |Religion = |influenced = James Chadwick |awards = Hughes Medal (1991) Fellow of the Royal Society[1] |signature = |footnotes = }} Philip Burton Moon FRS[1] (17 May 1907 – 9 October 1994) was a British nuclear physicist. He is most remembered for his research work in atomic physics and nuclear physics. He is one of the British scientists who participated in the United States' Manhattan Project, Britain's Tube Alloys, and was involved in nuclear weapon development. Moon made outstanding and original experimental contributions which stimulated the development of whole fields of research involving neutrons, gamma rays and novel methods of studying chemical reactions ('Mechanically propelled molecular beams: techniques and opportunities', Moon, P.B. Ralls, M.P., Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 423, 361 371, 1989). Early life and educationPhilip Burton Moon was born in 1907, attended Leyton Sixth Form College, and in 1925 entered Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He became a research student in the Cavendish Laboratory under Ernest Rutherford. From 1928 to 1931 he worked with Mark Oliphant on the collision of atoms with solids. Rutherford called him "Oliphant's satellite" and that influence remained with him for decades. Cavendish LaboratoryHe worked at Cavendish Laboratory in the mid-1930s, where he shared a room with Australian physicist Mark Oliphant. Both later joined the University of Birmingham; Moon in 1938. Tube Alloys and Manhattan ProjectDuring World War II Moon was part of the MAUD Committee that confirmed the feasibility of an atomic bomb and then became part of the British delegation to the Manhattan Project, where amongst other things he did work on designing instrumentation for measuring the eventual bomb test. Career at Birmingham UniversityAfter the war he was made Poynting Professor of Physics at Birmingham in 1946, succeeding Oliphant but receiving the appointment only after the first choice (Cecil Powell) had been rejected at the last minute for being a communist. He held the position until 1973. In 1950 Moon was the first person to detect gamma ray fluorescence; however his results were not considered statistically significant enough and it would be several years before they were proven. Moon was invited to become the honorary life president of the Poynting Physical Society, at the University of Birmingham, in 1975.[2] In 1991, Moon was the recipient of the Hughes Medal from the Royal Society. His papers are held at the University of Birmingham Special Collections. References1. ^1 {{Cite journal | last1 = Burcham | first1 = W. E. | last2 = Isaak | first2 = G. R. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1996.0016 | title = Philip Burton Moon. 17 May 1907-9 October 1994 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 42 | pages = 248 | year = 1996 | pmid = | pmc = }} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/cda5c270-7b08-4a0b-a500-0c9d363efa1c|title=The Discovery Service|last=Archives|first=The National|website=discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-11-13}} External links
7 : 1907 births|1994 deaths|British physicists|Manhattan Project people|Academics of the University of Birmingham|Fellows of the Royal Society|Alumni of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge |
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