| 词条 | Philip Hart |
| 释义 |
|name=Philip Hart |birth_name=Philip Aloysius Hart |image name=Philip Hart (D-MI).jpg |imagesize= |jr/sr=United States Senator |state=Michigan |term_start=January 3, 1959 |term_end= December 26, 1976 |preceded=Charles E. Potter |succeeded=Donald W. Riegle, Jr. |office2 = Lieutenant Governor of Michigan |order2 = 49th |term_start2 = January 1, 1955 |term_end2 = January 1, 1959 |governor2 = G. Mennen Williams |preceded2 = Clarence A. Reid |succeeded2 = John B. Swainson |birth_date={{birth date|1912|12|10}} |birth_place=Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania |death_date = {{nowrap| {{death date and age|1976|12|26|1912|12|10}} }} |death_place=Washington D.C. |spouse= Jane Briggs (1943–1976, his death) |children=8 |alma_mater=Georgetown University University of Michigan Law School |profession=Attorney |religion= |party=Democratic |signature= |branch={{army|United States}} |serviceyears=1941–1946 |unit= 4th Infantry Division |rank= Lieutenant colonel |battles=World War II
|awards= Purple Heart }}Philip Aloysius Hart (December 10, 1912{{spaced ndash}}December 26, 1976) was an American lawyer and politician. A Democrat, he served as a United States Senator from Michigan from 1959 until his death from cancer in Washington, D.C. in 1976. He was known as the "Conscience of the Senate".[1] Early life and familyThe grandson of Irish immigrants, Philip Hart was born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, to Philip Aloysius and Ann (née Clyde) Hart.[2] His father was a banker who served as president of the Bryn Mawr Trust Company.[3] He received his early education at Waldron Academy, and then attended West Philadelphia Catholic High School.[4] Hart studied at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., where he was the student body president and an award-winning debater.[5] He received a Bachelor of Arts degree cum laude from Georgetown in 1934.[2] In 1937, he received a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Michigan Law School at Ann Arbor.[6] Hart married Jane "Janey" Briggs Hart, the daughter of philanthropist and former owner of the Detroit Tigers, Walter Briggs, in June 1943. Jane was an aviator of Mercury 13 fame and the couple met through her brother, who was Hart's roommate at Georgetown. They have four surviving sons and four daughters.[7] Hart's namesake, Philip Jr., died as a toddler and is buried in the family plot near his father. Early careerHart was admitted to the State Bar of Michigan in 1938, and became an associate in the Detroit firm of Beaumont, Smith & Harris.[2] During World War II, he served in the U.S. Army as a lieutenant colonel with the 4th Infantry Division (1941–1946).[6] He was wounded during the D-Day invasion of Normandy on Utah Beach when shrapnel from an exploding artillery shell damaged the inside of his right arm.[5] Following the war, he returned to Michigan and recovered at the Percy Jones Army Hospital in Battle Creek, where he became acquainted with fellow future U.S. Senators Bob Dole and Daniel Inouye.[5] He was decorated with the Bronze Star Medal with clusters, Arrowhead device, Purple Heart, and Croix de guerre.[2] In 1946, Hart returned to Detroit and entered the general law practice of Monaghan, Hart & Crawmer.[2] From 1949 to 1951, he served as Michigan's Corporation Securities Commissioner.[6] In that position, his duties included the approving of stock issues of corporations in the state, licensing real estate brokers and builders, and collecting real estate taxes.[2] He was appointed state director of the Office of Price Stabilization in 1951, serving for only a year.[4] For his work in that office, he was named Outstanding Federal Administrator of the Year in 1952 by the Federal Business Association.[2] From 1952 to 1953, he served as U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan.[6] He was later the legal adviser to Governor G. Mennen Williams, his former law school classmate, from 1953 to 1954.[4] In 1954, Hart was the 49th Lieutenant Governor of Michigan, serving under Governor Williams until 1959.[6] His re-election in 1956 made him the first Democrat in Michigan to serve two terms as lieutenant governor.[2] U.S. SenateHart was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1958, defeating one-term incumbent Republican Charles E. Potter by a 54% to 46% margin. He was reelected by overwhelming margins in 1964 and 1970. (His 1970 opponent was Lenore Romney.) There had been a call from conservatives in Michigan to recall Hart from office due to his stand on gun control and busing, with bumper stickers reading "Recall cures Hart attacks." The recall effort never got off the ground, as the US Constitution does not authorize the recall of federal officials. Hart remained in office until his death. He had announced his intention not to run for reelection in June 1976 and had been diagnosed with cancer a month later.[23] That same year, the Senate voted to name its new Senate office building after him, the Hart Senate Office Building.[8] It would have been the first federal government building named after someone still living. The vote was 99 to 0, with Hart abstaining. Hart died of melanoma a few days later, just before his term would have expired and he would have retired. Donald W. Riegle, Jr., who had just been elected to the seat for the next term, was named to fill Hart's seat for the remaining days of the congressional session. HonorsThe third of the United States Senate office buildings, the Hart Senate Office Building, was officially dedicated and named for Senator Hart in 1982. Other buildings named after Hart include the Hart-Dole-Inouye Federal Center in Battle Creek, Michigan; the Philip A. Hart Plaza along the Detroit International Riverfront; the Philip A. Hart Visitor Center of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore in Empire, Michigan; Hart Middle School in Rochester Hills, Michigan; and the Hart-Kennedy House in Lansing, the headquarters of the Michigan Democratic Party. The Philip Hart Memorial Scholarship at Lake Superior State University in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan is a full scholarship established to carry on the ideals and goals of the Senator.[9] The moot court room at Georgetown University Law Center is named in his honor. In his bestselling book Inside Congress, author Ronald Kessler lauded Senator Hart as one of the few truly honorable men who served in the Senate. He pointed out an incident where the Senator refused even a box of chocolates as a gift from a lobbyist. Hart is interred in St. Anne's Catholic Cemetery on Mackinac Island. See also
References1. ^{{cite news|title=Senator Philip A. Hart Dies at 64; Was Called ‘Conscience of Senate’|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/27/archives/senator-philip-a-hart-dies-at-64-was-called-conscience-of-senate.html|work=The New York Times|date=December 27, 1976}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|title=Current Biography Yearbook|volume=6|year=1971|publisher=H.W. Wilson Company|location=New York}} 3. ^{{cite news|date=1976-12-27|work=The New York Times|title=Fighter for Civil Rights|last=Madden|first=Richard L.}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news|work=West Catholic Alumni Association|title=Philip A. Hart|url=http://www.westcatholicalumni.org/Veterans/PhilipAHart.aspx}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=O'Brien|first1=Michael|last2=Putman|first2=Daniel|title=Virtue and Politics: The Example of Philip Hart|volume=12|year=1998|publisher=Public Affairs Quarterly}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|title=HART, Philip Aloysius, (1912 - 1976)|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=h000291}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Finding aid for Jane Briggs Hart papers, ca. 1925-1996|url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/b/bhlead/umich-bhl-2010191?rgn=main;view=text|publisher=University of Michigan}} 8. ^{{USBill|94|SR|525}}, Designation of the Philip A. Hart Office Building 9. ^1 LSSU Foundation — Senator Philip A. Hart Memorial Scholarship Further reading
before= Clarence A. Reid | title= Lieutenant Governor of Michigan | years= 1955–1959 | after= John B. Swainson}}{{s-par|us-sen}}{{U.S. Senator box| |class=1 |before = Charles E. Potter| after=Donald W. Riegle, Jr.| years=1959–1976 |alongside=Patrick V. McNamara, Robert P. Griffin}}{{s-end}}{{USSenMI}}{{Lieutenant Governors of Michigan}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hart, Philip A.}} 17 : 1912 births|1976 deaths|American military personnel of World War II|American people of Irish descent|People from Mackinac Island, Michigan|Politicians from Philadelphia|United States Senators from Michigan|Georgetown University alumni|University of Michigan Law School alumni|Operation Overlord people|Lieutenant Governors of Michigan|Michigan Democrats|Deaths from cancer in Washington, D.C.|Deaths from melanoma|United States Attorneys for the Eastern District of Michigan|Democratic Party United States Senators|20th-century American politicians |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。