| 词条 | Caramboxin |
| 释义 |
| ImageFile = Caramboxin.svg | ImageSize = 200px | ImageAlt = | PIN = | IUPACName = 3-(2-Carboxy-3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)alanine | SystematicName = 2-(2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid | OtherNames = |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 1531600-36-8 | PubChem = 134728497 | ChemSpiderID = 32779488 | SMILES = COc1cc(c(c(c1)O)C(=O)O)CC(C(=O)O)N | InChI = 1/C11H13NO6/c1-18-6-2-5(3-7(12)10(14)15)9(11(16)17)8(13)4-6/h2,4,7,13H,3,12H2,1H3,(H,14,15)(H,16,17) | InChIKey = DYJIDGJHOLTGBO-UHFFFAOYAB | StdInChI = 1S/C11H13NO6/c1-18-6-2-5(3-7(12)10(14)15)9(11(16)17)8(13)4-6/h2,4,7,13H,3,12H2,1H3,(H,14,15)(H,16,17) | StdInChIKey = DYJIDGJHOLTGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N}} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | C=11 | H=13 | N=1 | O=6 | Appearance = | Density = | MeltingPt = | BoilingPt = | Solubility = }} |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = | FlashPt = | AutoignitionPt = }} }}Caramboxin (CBX) is a toxin found in star fruit (Averrhoa carambola).[1][2] Individuals with some types of kidney disease are susceptible to adverse neurological effects including intoxication, seizures and even death after eating star fruit.[3] Caramboxin has been identified as the neurotoxin responsible for these effects. Caramboxin is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that stimulates the glutamate receptors in neurons. Its chemical structure is similar to the amino acid phenylalanine. Caramboxin is an agonist of both NMDA and AMPA glutamatergic ionotropic receptors with potent excitatory, convulsant, and neurodegenerative properties.[4] Due to the risk of caraboxin poisoning leading to renal failure, eating starfruit or drinking its juice on an empty stomach is not recommended.[5] References1. ^{{cite journal | title = Star fruit’s chemical curse | publisher = C&E News | date = December 2, 2013 | pages = 28}} 2. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1002/anie.201305382| pmid = 24281890| title = Elucidating the Neurotoxicity of the Star Fruit| journal = Angewandte Chemie International Edition| volume = 52| issue = 49| pages = 13067| year = 2013| last1 = Garcia-Cairasco| first1 = Norberto| last2 = Moyses-Neto| first2 = Miguel| last3 = Del Vecchio| first3 = Flavio| last4 = Oliveira| first4 = José A. C| last5 = Dos Santos| first5 = Francisco L| last6 = Castro| first6 = Olagide W| last7 = Arisi| first7 = Gabriel M| last8 = Dantas| first8 = Márcio| last9 = Carolino| first9 = Ruither O. G| last10 = Coutinho-Netto| first10 = Joaquim| last11 = Dagostin| first11 = Andre L. A| last12 = Rodrigues| first12 = Marcelo C. A| last13 = Leão| first13 = Ricardo M| last14 = Quintiliano| first14 = Samir A. P| last15 = Silva| first15 = Luiz F| last16 = Gobbo-Neto| first16 = Leonardo| last17 = Lopes| first17 = Norberto P}} 3. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.1159/000454945| pmid = 28203564| pmc = 5301110| title = Neurotoxicity following the Ingestion of Bilimbi Fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) in an End-Stage Renal Disease Patient on Hemodialysis| journal = Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis| volume = 7| issue = 1| pages = 6–12| year = 2017| last1 = Caetano| first1 = Camille Pereira| last2 = De Sá| first2 = Cinara Barros| last3 = Faleiros| first3 = Bruno Antônio Paixão| last4 = Gomes| first4 = Marcelo Fonseca Coutinho Fernandes| last5 = Pereira| first5 = Edna Regina Silva}} 4. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Garcia-Cairasco | first1 = N. | last2 = Moyses-Neto | first2 = M. | last3 = Del Vecchio | first3 = F. | last4 = Oliveira | first4 = J. A. C. | last5 = Dos Santos | first5 = F. L. | last6 = Castro | first6 = O. W. | last7 = Arisi | first7 = G. M. | last8 = Dantas | first8 = M. R. | last9 = Carolino | first9 = R. O. G. | last10 = Coutinho-Netto | first10 = J. | last11 = Dagostin | first11 = A. L. A. | last12 = Rodrigues | first12 = M. C. A. | last13 = Leão | first13 = R. M. | last14 = Quintiliano | first14 = S. A. P. | last15 = Silva | first15 = L. F. | last16 = Gobbo-Neto | first16 = L. | last17 = Lopes | first17 = N. P. | title = Elucidating the Neurotoxicity of the Star Fruit | doi = 10.1002/anie.201305382 | journal = Angewandte Chemie International Edition | volume = 52 | issue = 49 | pages = 13067 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24281890| pmc = }} 5. ^{{cite journal | pmc = 4421323| year = 2009| author1 = Neto| first1 = M. M| title = Star fruit: Simultaneous neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in people with previously normal renal function| journal = Clinical Kidney Journal| volume = 2| issue = 6| pages = 485–488| last2 = Silva| first2 = G. E| last3 = Costa| first3 = R. S| last4 = Vieira Neto| first4 = O. M| last5 = Garcia-Cairasco| first5 = N| last6 = Lopes| first6 = N. P| last7 = Haendchen| first7 = P. F| last8 = Silveira| first8 = C| last9 = Mendes| first9 = A. R| last10 = Filho| first10 = R. R| last11 = Dantas| first11 = M| doi = 10.1093/ndtplus/sfp108}} 5 : Neurotoxins|Amino acids|Phenols|Benzoic acids|Toxic amino acids |
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