“Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education

释义

References

Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education were secondary education objectives created by the Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education (CRSE) of the National Education Association (NEA) in the United States in 1918 as one approach to reforming secondary schools in the U.S. by segmenting topics. The work on identifying objectives had been started in 1915.^[1] This report represents the end of a series of reports addressing standardization of education that began with the Committee of Ten report in the 1890s. ^[2] The report was subsequently published as a Bulletin by the U.S. Bureau of Education.^[3]

The objectives issued by the Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education were:

Health.
Command of fundamental processes.
Worthy home membership.
Vocation.
Citizenship.
Worthy use of leisure.
Ethical character.

It was recognized that enumerating the principles should not be interpreted as identifying separate area of study but rather these were interrelated topics.^[1]

References

1. ^¹{{Cite web | last = Scherer| first = Melissa| title = THE CARDINAL PRINCIPLES OF SECONDARY EDUCATION| url = http://www3.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/cardprin.html| publisher = | date = | accessdate = 14 April 2014}}
2. ^Kliebard, Herbert M. {{Google books|vIyW0QEzHfsC|Changing Course: American Curriculum Reform in the 20th Century|page=39|plainurl=}}
3. ^Kridel, Craig (ed.) {{Google books|GgMyFqxsXWoC|Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies, Volume 1|page=97|plainurl=}}

Hirsch, E.D (1988), Cultural Literacy, Random House, Inc., p. 118

3 : Secondary education in the United States|National Education Association|History of education in the United States

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