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词条 Carlos Duque
释义

  1. 1989 presidential candidacy

  2. Post-election career

  3. References

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}}{{Infobox person
| name = Carlos Alberto Duque Jaén
| birth_date = March 12, 1930
| birth_place = Panama City, Panamá
| death_date = October 31, 2014 (aged 84)
| death_place = Panama City, Panamá
| nationality = Panamanian
| other_names =
| known_for = 1989 presidential campaign
| occupation = Businessman, Politician
| party=Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD)
| business =Transit S.A.
}}Carlos Alberto Duque Jaén (March 12, 1930 – October 31, 2014) was a Panamanian businessman and politician who was President-for-Life of Panama's Partido Revolucionario Democrático (PRD). He was a presidential candidate for the PRD in the 1989 presidential election.[1]

1989 presidential candidacy

A former business partner of military ruler Manuel Noriega,[2] Duque was selected by Noriega to head the pro-Noriega Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) in 1988.[3] The following year, he stood as the party's presidential candidate.[4] Future PRD president Ernesto Pérez Balladares served as his campaign manager.[4]

Duque's primary rival for the presidency, Guillermo Endara, ran atop the ticket of the Democratic Alliance of Civic Opposition (ADOC), a coalition of parties opposed to Noriega. After the voting concluded, international observers reported that Endara's coalition was leading by a 3-to-1 margin, but the results were annulled by the Noriega government before counting was complete.[5] Noriega had planned to declare Duque the winner regardless of the actual results. However, by this time Duque knew he had been comprehensively defeated by Endara and refused to go along.[6]

The next day, Endara and one of his running mates, Guillermo Ford, were badly beaten by a detachment of Dignity Battalions, a paramilitary group supporting Noriega.[7][8] Endara was struck with an iron club and was briefly hospitalized, receiving eight stitches.[9] Images of the attack on Endara and Ford were carried by media around the world, and were credited with leading up to the US invasion that would soon follow.[8][10][11]

Post-election career

Duque was an opponent of the 1989 US invasion of Panama which deposed Noriega, calling it "the biggest error" and urging "nationalist parties" to battle US forces.[12] Several months after the invasion, US federal prosecutors accused Duque's company, Transit S.A., of funneling millions of dollars in kickbacks to the former ruler from a coffee-smuggling operation.[13]

In 1999, he worked on the campaign of PRD presidential candidate Martín Torrijos, son of former military ruler Omar Torrijos.[14] Martín Torrijos lost the presidential election that year to Mireya Moscoso, but went on to win in 2004.

References

1. ^{{cite news|url=http://laestrella.com.pa/panama/nacional/muere-carlos-duque-jaen-presidente-vitalicio/23817402|title=Muere Carlos Duque Jaén, presidente vitalicio del PRD|publisher=aestrella.com.pa|date=October 31, 2014|language=Spanish}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8119843.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309193716/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8119843.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |title=Panama Casts Votes for Leader |author=Phillip Bennett |date=May 8, 1999 |work=The Boston Globe |accessdate=September 2, 2012}} {{subscription required}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1170212.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415122921/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1170212.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=April 15, 2016 |title=Noriega Celebrates Reagan Departure; Panamanian Problem Remains Unsolved as Bush Takes Office |author=William Branigin |date=January 21, 1989 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=September 2, 2012}} {{subscription required}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/21/world/panama-journal-democracy-at-work-under-shadow-of-dictators.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=Panama Journal; Democracy at Work, Under Shadow of Dictators |author=Howard W. French |date=February 21, 1994 |work=The New York Times |deadurl=no |archivedate=September 3, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6APOVeUGM?url=http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/21/world/panama-journal-democracy-at-work-under-shadow-of-dictators.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |accessdate=September 2, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}
5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-156057540.html |title=Endara's Coalition Faces Difficult Test |agency=Associated Press |date=December 21, 1989 |work=Albany Times Union |archivedate=September 1, 2012 |deadurl=no |archive-url=http://www.webcitation.org/6ALGH89ZW?url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1%2D156057540.html |accessdate=August 31, 2012 |df=mdy }} {{subscription required}}
6. ^{{cite book |title=In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990|last=Koster|first=R.M. |author2=Guillermo Sánchez |year=1990 |publisher=Norton |location=New York City |isbn=0-393-02696-5 }}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1989-05-11/news/8901240885_1_guillermo-endara-dignity-battalions-noriega-regime |title=Panama Violence Spreads Thugs Attack 3 Anti-noriega Candidates |author=Gregory Katz |date=May 11, 1989 |work=South Florida Sun-Sentinel |archivedate=August 31, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AL2v9l5Z?url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1989-05-11/news/8901240885_1_guillermo-endara-dignity-battalions-noriega-regime |accessdate=August 31, 2012 |df=mdy }}
8. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/30/world/americas/30endara.html|title=Guillermo Endara, Who Helped Lead Panama From Noriega to Democracy, Dies at 73|accessdate=August 31, 2012 |work=The New York Times|author=Douglas Martin |date=September 30, 2009}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hfJRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Zm4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4927,3893446&dq=endara+stitches&hl=en |title=Panama declares election result void; Endara hurt |date=May 11, 1989 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|deadurl=no |archivedate=January 3, 2013 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130103062620/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hfJRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Zm4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4927,3893446&dq=endara+stitches&hl=en |accessdate=August 31, 2012}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1107830.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140619121220/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1107830.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 19, 2014 |title=Panama's Philosopher Pol;Ricardo Arias Calderon's Leap From Exiled Academic to Vice President |author=Myra MacPherson |date=January 30, 1990 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=August 31, 2012}} {{subscription required}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-20832533.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103073838/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-20832533.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=January 3, 2013 |title=Guillermo Endara |author=Phil Davison |date=October 2, 2009 |work=The Independent |accessdate=August 31, 2012}}{{subscription required}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3976115.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117005955/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3976115.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=November 17, 2018 |title=Noriega backers call invasion 'genocide' |author=Alina Guerrero |date=December 20, 1990 |work=Chicago Sun-Times |accessdate=September 2, 2012}} {{subscription required}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1110632.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406220642/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1110632.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=April 6, 2016 |title=Noriega Tied To Smuggling Of Coffee;Kickbacks Alleged To Reach Millions |date=February 15, 1990 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=September 2, 2012}} {{subscription required}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-54213310.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415201146/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-54213310.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=April 15, 2017 |title=Another Torrijos |date=March 27, 1999 |work=The Economist |publisher= {{Subscription required|via=HighBeam Research}}|accessdate=18 September 2012}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Duque, Carlos}}

3 : 2014 deaths|Panamanian politicians|1930 births
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