| 词条 | Catacomb of San Pancrazio |
| 释义 |
| name = Catacomb of San Pancrazio | native_name = Catacomba di San Pancrazio | alternate_name = | image = San Pancrazio - ingresso 1534.JPG | alt = The entrance to the church and catacomb of San Pancrazio | caption = | map_type = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map_size = | relief = | coordinates = {{coord|41.885|N|12.454|E|display=inline,title}} | location = Rome, Italy | region = | type = Catacomb | part_of = | length = | width = | area = | diameter = | circumference = | volume = | height = | builder = | material = | built = | abandoned = | epochs = Early Christian | cultures = | dependency_of = | occupants = | event = | excavations = | archaeologists = | condition = | ownership = | management = Pontifical Commission of Sacred Archaeology | public_access = Yes | designation1 = | other_designation = | website = www.sanpancrazio.org | notes = }} The Catacomb of San Pancrazio (also called of Ottavilla) is a catacomb of Rome (Italy), located in the Via Aurelia, within the modern Quartiere Gianicolense. The martyrsThe catacomb is especially known to have Pancras from Phrygia, a famous martyr, buried within its walls. Pancras was entrusted to his uncle Dionysus at age 8,after his parents died, and they both came to Rome. Saint Pancras converted to Christianity while in Rome and at the age of 14, he was beheaded in May 304 AD (around 303 AD Christians were being persecuted for their faith) when he refused to sacrifice to the gods. Before Diocletian, emperor at the time, was impressed with how young Pancras was and how he had the courage to refuse sacrificing to the Gods, so he offered Pancras money and power to leave the Christian faith, but Pancras still refused so he was beheaded and thrown to the side. His body was abandoned on the Via Aurelia and was picked up by a Christian matrona, Ottavilla, who buried him. Ottavilla found the body and the head on May 12 304 AD, she picked them up, wrapped Pancras in precious linen and buried him specifically in the Catacombs that stood there. His head was eventually placed in a precious manner in the Basilica, the body lays in an urn and the site still reads "Hic decollatus fuit Sanctus Pancratius" (Here San Pancrazio was taken off) ". His body now rests among other martyrs buried in the Catacombs. The ancient sources, particularly the Medieval itineraries for pilgrims, mention other martyrs buried within the catacomb: Artemy, Paulinus, Sophia and her three daughters Faith, Hope and Charity. The resting place of the last four martyrs can probably be identified with the so-called cubicle of St. Sophia. The cult of St. Pancras highly spread during the Middle Ages, so much so that the catacomb bearing his name was one of the few in Rome that could always be visited by the pilgrims. The once di Calepodio cemetery, where Pancras was buried, changed its name to the Catacombs of San Pancrazio. The first notice about the martyrdom of Pancras comes from the Martyrologium Hieronymianum, that sets the date of the death at 12 May. HistoryBetween the end of the 4th century and the beginning of the 5th, Pope Symmachus built a basilica above the catacomb consecrated to the martyr and a thermal edifice. In 594 Gregory the Great provided the basilica with a cloister. In 625 Pope Honorius I rebuilt the basilica after a Greek-Gothic war, with three naves. Pope Honorius' rebuilding is the basilica that still exists today. As mentioned above, San Pancrazio is one of the few catacombs in Rome whose track has not been completely lost during the centuries, even if it has often been confused with other catacombs rising along the Via Aurelia. Antonio Bosio thoroughly studied the cemetery, but he confused it with the cemetery of Calepodius; the two catacombs were distinguished by Giovanni Battista de Rossi in the 19th century. Excavations carried out at the beginning of the 1930s under the floor of the Basilica of San Pancrazio led to the discovery of a Roman street that cut in two, diagonally to the church; they also brought to light some mausolea and ground graves, both inside the basilica and in its square, such demonstrating that the hypogeous cemetery also included an extended funerary area on the topsoil. Topography and descriptionThe Catacomb of San Pancrazio is not in the most perfect condition: the tunnels are mostly destroyed and therefore the visit to see the Catacomb is very short. The hypogeous cemerety can be divided into three main regions:
BibliographyDe Santis L. - Biamonte G., Le catacombe di Roma, Newton & Compton Editori, Rome 1997, pp. 128–132 Cecchelli M., San Pancrazio, Rome, Marietti 1972 Verrando G. N., Le numerose recensioni della passio Pancratii, in "Vetera Christianorum" 19 (1982) 105-129 Nestori A., La basilica di S. Pancrazio in Roma, in Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana 36 (1960) 213-248 Work Cited
External links
4 : Catacombs of Rome|Persecution of early Christians|Roman archaeology|Rome Q. XII Gianicolense |
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