“Catherine Ann Janvier”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Catherine Ann Janvier née Drinker (May 1, 1841 – July 19, 1922) was an American artist, author, and translator.{{r|obit}}{{efn|Her first name is also spelled "Catharine".}} Before she married, she had an established career as an artist and teacher under the name Catherine Ann Drinker.

Early life

Catherine Ann Drinker was born on May 1, 1841 in Philadelphia to (Henry) Sandwith Drinker and Susannah Budd Drinker (née Shober).{{r|obit}}{{r|TFAOI}} Her father commanded ships involved in East India trade and then established a partnership called James and Drinker in Hong Kong and Macao.{{r|obit}}{{r|TFAOI}} He was a merchant{{r|obit}} or adjacents-ports agent for organizations in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia.{{r|Ride}}{{rp|118}} Janvier was the oldest of four children. She had a sister and two brothers.{{r|TFAOI}} Her brother Robert was born in 1845, Henry was born in 1850, and Elizabeth in 1853.{{r|TFAOI EN}}

Sandwith Drinker lived in Hong Kong{{r|obit}} by 1845{{r|Ride}}{{rp|118}} and the rest of the family was there about 1849.{{r|TFAOI}} Janvier was a friend and correspondent of student Townsend Harris, who became the first Minister to Japan for the United States.{{r|obit}} Janvier studied oriental arts, the French and Latin languages, literature, and mathematics.{{r|obit}}{{r|TFAOI}} She was also interested in horse-back riding and dancing.{{r|TFAOI}} At ten{{r|obit}} or fifteen years of age,{{r|TFAOI}} one of her father's business associates and a powerful merchant, Hukwa, tried unsuccessfully to arrange a marriage between Janvier and his son.{{r|obit}}{{r|TFAOI}}

The Drinkers were living in the orient during the Opium Wars when the relationships between foreign traders and the Chinese was difficult.{{r|Ride}}{{rp|21}} The Drinkers lived in Macao by 1857.{{r|Ride}}{{rp|118}} In January 1857,{{efn|The biography of Cecilia Beaux stated that the event occurred in January 1858.{{r|TFAOI}}}} Sandwith Drinker was poisoned and died of dysentery,{{r|obit}}{{r|Ride}}{{rp|56–57}} believed to be the result of a politically motivated mass poisoning of bread at a bakery. About 400 foreigners "suffered great impairment of health"{{r|Ride}}{{rp|56–57}} due to arsenic poisoning.{{r|Ride}}{{rp|118–119}}{{efn|Lady Bowring, the wife of Sir John Bowring, Governor of Hong Kong, died in 1858. The cause of death for Bowring was determined to be arsenic poisoning.{{r|Ride}}{{rp|56–57, 119}}}}

Susannah Drinker sailed with her children from China to Baltimore. During the trip, when the captain was drunk, Janvier navigated the ship{{r|Heller}} because the First Officer did not have the sufficient ability to read the charts.{{r|Blamires}} Her mother established Mrs. Drinker's Academy for Young Ladies in Baltimore.{{r|TFAOI}} She had a tumor in her uterus and died in March 1860.{{r|TFAOI}}{{efn|An East India Company Cemetery states that she died in 1857{{r|Ride}}{{rp|119}} or 1858, possibly as a result of lasting affects of the poison.{{r|Ride}}{{rp|56–57}}}} Janvier kept the school open for a time, and then closed it to pursue a career in art.{{r|TFAOI}} She took the responsibility for providing for the family, also included her grandmother.{{r|obit}}{{r|Heller}}

Education and art career

Janvier, who studied and worked under the name Catherine Ann Drinker, studied art at the Maryland Institute{{r|TFAOI}} with Adolf van der Whelan.{{r|Women Worldwide}} In 1865, Janvier and the other Drinker children moved to their cousin Ann Elmslie's house in Philadelphia at 1906 Pine Street.{{r|TFAOI}} Cathrine Drinker took classes at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,{{r|obit}} where she studied under Thomas Eakins.{{r|Heller}} A life drawing class was established for women at the school in 1868. Ida Waugh and Emily Sartain were among her fellow students.{{r|TFAOI}} Janvier taught art at Miss Sanford's School in 1870 and through private lessons.{{r|TFAOI}} One of her private students was Cecilia Beaux, with whom she had much in common{{efn|Janvier and Beaux both had a need to support themselves in early adulthood, they shared a May 1 birthdate, lost their mothers, lost/didn't have a relationship with their fathers, lived with their grandmothers, and were both interested in their family's history. Janvier recommended a school and helped her get Beaux her first job at Miss Sanford's School as a drawing instructor.{{r|TFAOI}}}} and became good friends. Cecilia's sister, Aimée Ernesta Beaux, married Henry Sturgis Drinker, Janvier's brother.{{r|TFAOI}}

From 1873 to 1874, she ran Francis Adolf Van der Wielen's school, and Beaux was her student at that time.{{r|TFAOI}} In the mid 1870s she studied under Thomas Eakins at the Pennsylvania Academy.{{r|TFAOI}} In New York, she studied at the Art Students League.{{r|TFAOI}}

Aside from teaching, Janvier also created marketable paintings of people, still-life, and genre scenes that sold for about $300 ({{inflation|US|300|1875|fmt=eq}}) each painting in New York City. The paintings of Geoffrey Rudel and the Countess of Tripoli (1870), James Madison (1875), Daniel at Prayer (1876) and the lithograph Blessed Are the Meek (1871), all helped to develop her reputation as an artist. Geoffrey Rudel and the Countess of Tripoli was exhibited at the Union League of Philadelphia and James Madison was purchased by the city of Philadelphia{{r|TFAOI}} and is now in the collection of the Independence National Historical Park.{{r|Madison}} She exhibited her works of art at PAFA from 1876 to the mid-1880s.{{r|Havemann}} Drinker won the Mary Smith Prize in 1880 for The Guitar Player,{{r|Heller}} which in 1922 was among the collection of the Neighborhood Guild at Peace Dale, Rhode Island.{{r|obit}}

At the age of 27, she was the first woman to teach at the academy in 1878.{{r|PAFA Women}}{{r|Havemann}} Janviers gave lectures about perspective{{r|TFAOI}}{{r|Havemann}} and wrote the book Lessons in Perspective.{{r|obit}}

Marriage

On September 26, 1878, Catherine Ann Drinker married journalist Thomas Allibone Janvier in Drifton, Pennsylvania at St. James Church.{{r|TFAOI}} By the mid-1880s, the Janviers had moved to New York City and Catherine has begun a transition from artist to writer. The Janviers enjoyed a happy marriage in which they lived in England among literary circles and in Provence{{r|obit}} between 1883 and 1890.{{r|NYPL}} Their friends included poets and writers Roumanille, Felix Gras, and Mistral.{{r|obit}} Besides Europe, the Janviers also traveled to Mexico. When they were not out of the country, they lived in New York City.{{r|NYPL}} They were close friends of William Sharp, who they met in 1892. Catherine was among the first to know that Fiona Mcleod was his secret pseudonym.{{r|Blamires}}

Career transition

French ceramist Camille Piton wrote a book about painting china in 1878 that Janviers translated into English. Piton moved to Philadelphia in 1878 and established an art school. Janviers titled the book China Painting in America (1879).{{r|TFAOI}} She taught pottery and in 1880 the book, Practical Keramics for Students was published.{{r|obit}}{{r|SI Keramics}}

Janvier translated two books by Felix Gras: The White Terror and The Reds of the Midi. They royalties for the books went to Gras, which helped to fund the education of his sons. She enjoyed Homer and had an interest in Greek history, partially realized in her manuscript Captain {{sic|Dyonisius|nolink=true|expected=Dionysus – uncertainty is whether it was Janvier's mistake or more likely the NYT, but that's what newspaper contains}},{{r|obit}} which was published in 1935 as Captain Dionysios, A Romance of Old Marseilles under Janvier's name by her brother Henry.{{r|Copyright 1935}}

In 1904, her book London Mews was published.{{r|Heller}} Both Thomas and Catherine Janviers wrote for Harper's Weekly.{{r|NYPL}}

Janvier was a member of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, London's Pioneer Club, and the Woman's Cosmopolitan Club in New York City.{{r|Leonard}}

Death

Thomas died on June 18, 1913.{{r|NYPL}}{{r|Leonard}} Catherine lived on 59th Street in New York from 1913 to 1918{{r|AAD 1913}}{{r|AAD 1918}} and with her brother Dr. Henry Drinker in Merion, Pennsylvania by 1921, when she appeared on the Social Register.{{r|Register}} She died in Merion at the home of her brother in 1922.{{r|obit}} She was the aunt of Catherine Drinker Bowen.{{r|Women Worldwide}} Manuscripts, correspondence, and other papers are held at the New York Public Library.{{r|NYPL}}

Collections

Notes

References

1. ^{{cite book|title=American Art Directory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1yYMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA522|year=1918|publisher=R.R. Bowker.|page=522}}
2. ^{{cite book|author=Steve Blamires|title=The Little Book of the Great Enchantment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPDasjKq8dEC&pg=PA248|date=June 1, 2013|publisher=Skylight Press|isbn=978-1-908011-83-1|page=248}}
3. ^{{cite book|author=Library of Congress. Copyright Office|title=Catalog of Copyright Entries. New Series: 1935|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_qQhAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA432|year=1936|publisher=Copyright Office, Library of Congress|page=432}}
4. ^{{cite book | title=Expanded Horizon: Female Artists at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts during the Course of the Nineteenth Century|author=Anna Havemann | url=https://www.pafa.org/sites/default/files/media-assets/TheFemaleGaze_0.pdf | publisher=Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts| accessdate=March 17, 2015 |pages=35–36}}
5. ^{{cite book|author1=Jules Heller|author2=Nancy G. Heller|title=North American Women Artists of the Twentieth Century: A Biographical Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ReZkAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA1955|date=December 19, 2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-63889-4|page=1955|chapter=Janvier, Catharine Ann (Drinker)}}
6. ^{{cite book|author=John W. Leonard|title=Woman's Who's who of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada, 1914-1915|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PMQ-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA429|year=1914|publisher=American Commonwealth Company|page=429|chapter=Janvier, Catherine Drinker}}
7. ^{{cite web | url=http://npgportraits.si.edu/eMuseumNPG/code/emuseum.asp?rawsearch=ObjectID/,/is/,/67704/,/false/,/false&newprofile=CAP&newstyle=single | title=James Madison | publisher=National Portrait Gallery | location=Washington, DC | accessdate=March 17, 2015 }}
8. ^{{cite web | url=http://archives.nypl.org/uploads/collection/pdf_finding_aid/janviert.pdf | title=Thomas Allibone and Catherine Ann Drinker Janvier Papers (and Biographical Sketch) | publisher=New York Public Library | date=October 15, 1988 | accessdate=March 16, 2015 }}
9. ^{{cite news | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1922/10/01/98591120.pdf | title=Mrs. Javier's Varied Life | newspaper=The New York Times |author=Caroline Hazard | date=August 5, 1922 | accessdate=March 16, 2015 }}
10. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.pafa.org/collection-artists/catherine-ann-drinker-janvier | title=Catherine Ann Drinker (Janvier) | publisher=Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts | accessdate=March 16, 2015 }}
11. ^{{cite book| title=The Pennsylvania Academy and Its Women, 1850–1920: May 3 – June 16, 1974 Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (exhibition catalogue) | publisher=Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts | location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |page=19 | year=1974 }}
12. ^{{cite book|author=Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts|title=Catalogue of the Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IqtNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA10|year=1914|pages=10–11}}
13. ^{{cite book|title=Social Register, Philadelphia, Including Wilmington|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNMwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA75|year=1921|publisher=Social Register Association|page=75}}
14. ^{{cite book|author1=Lindsay Ride|author2=May Ride|author3=Bernard Mellor|title=An East India Company Cemetery: Protestant Burials in Macao|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=flbXWNoVraEC&pg=PA56|date=1 November 1995|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|isbn=978-962-209-384-3|pages=56–57}}
15. ^{{cite web | url=http://siris-libraries.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!silibraries&uri=full=3100001~!123227~!0#focus | title=Practical Keramics for Students (New York: Holt and Company, 1880) | publisher=Smithsonian Institution Research Information System | accessdate=March 16, 2015 }}
16. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/9aa/9aa214.htm | title=Out of the Background: Cecilia Beaux and the Art of Portraiture - Part I: Beginnings| publisher=Traditional Fine Arts Organization, Inc. | date=1974 | author=Tara Leigh Tappert | accessdate=March 16, 2015 }}
17. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/9aa/9aa220.htm | title=Out of the Background: Cecilia Beaux and the Art of Portraiture - End Notes| publisher=Traditional Fine Arts Organization, Inc. | date=1974 | author=Tara Leigh Tappert | accessdate=March 16, 2015 }}
18. ^{{cite book | url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2588806800.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120234/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2588806800.html | dead-url=yes | archive-date=April 2, 2015 | title=Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages |chapter=Drinker, Catherine Ann (1841–1922) |date=January 1, 2007 | publisher=Thomson Gale | accessdate=March 17, 2015 | via=HighBeam Research | subscription=yes}}
19. ^{{cite web | url= | title= | publisher= | accessdate=March 16, 2015 }}