“Physalis alkekengi”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Physalis alkekengi (bladder cherry, Chinese lantern,^[2] Japanese-lantern,^[3] strawberry groundcherry,^[4] or winter cherry;^[2]) is a relative of P. peruviana (Cape gooseberry). It is easily identifiable by the large, bright orange to red papery covering over its fruit, which resembles paper lanterns. It grows naturally in the regions covering Southern Europe to South Asia and Northeast Asia. It is a perennial herbaceous plant growing to 40–60 cm tall, with spirally arranged leaves 6–12 cm long and 4–9 cm broad. The flowers are white, with a five-lobed corolla 10–15 mm across, with an inflated basal calyx which matures into the papery orange fruit covering, 4–5 cm long and broad.

Cultivation

It is a popular ornamental plant, widely cultivated in temperate regions of the world, and very hardy to below {{convert| -20|C|F|abbr=on}}.^[6] It can be invasive with its wide-spreading root system sending up new shoots some distance from where it was originally planted. In various places around the world, it has escaped from cultivation.^[5]

In the United Kingdom it has been given the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.^[6]^[7]

Traditional uses

The dried fruit of P. alkekengi is called the golden flower in the Unani system of medicine, and used as a diuretic, antiseptic, liver corrective, and sedative.^[8]

Chemical constituents

Like a number of other species in the genus Physalis, it contains a wide variety of physalins.^[9]^[10]^[11] When isolated from the plant, these have antibacterial^[12] and leishmanicidal^[13]^[14] activities in vitro.

It also contains caffeic acid ethyl ester, 25,27-dehydro-physalin L, physalin D, and

Cultural significance

In Japan, its seeds are used as part of the Bon Festival as offerings to guide the souls of the deceased. A market, hōzuki-ichi, held in Asakusa around Sensō-ji every year on 9 and 10 July, is devoted to it.

Fossil record

References

1. ^The Plant List
2. ^¹{{GRIN | accessdate = 20 December 2017}}
3. ^{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
4. ^{{PLANTS|id=PHAL5|taxon=Physalis alkekengi|accessdate=2015-10-01}}
5. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200020559 | work = Flora of China | title = 1. Physalis alkekengi Linnaeus }}
6. ^¹{{cite web| url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/12872/i-Physalis-alkekengi-i/Details | title = RHS Plantfinder - Physalis alkekengi| accessdate = 27 April 2018}}
7. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 78 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 27 April 2018}}
8. ^Rasheed N.M.A., Shareef M.A., Ahmad M., Gupta V.C., Arfin S., Shamshad A.K. "HPTLC finger print profile of dried fruit of Physalis alkekengi Linn." Pharmacognosy Journal 2010 2:12 (464–469).
9. ^{{citation | pmid = 5461642 | year = 1970 | month = |author1=Matsuura, T |author2=Kawai, M |author3=Makashima, R |author4=Butsugan, Y | title = Structures of physalin A and physalin B, 13,14-seco-16,24-cyclo-steroids from Physalis alkekengi var. Francheti. | volume = 5 | issue = 5| pages = 664–70 | issn = 0300-922X | journal = Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1 | doi=10.1039/j39700000664}}
10. ^{{citation | pmid = 18348534 |date=Apr 2008 |author1=Qiu, L |author2=Zhao, F |author3=Jiang, Zh |author4=Chen, Lx |author5=Zhao, Q |author6=Liu, Hx |author7=Yao, Xs |author8=Qiu, F | title = Steroids and flavonoids from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production. | volume = 71 | issue = 4 | pages = 642–6 | doi = 10.1021/np700713r | journal = Journal of Natural Products }}
11. ^{{citation | pmid = 11491395 | year = 2001 | month = |author1=Kawai, M |author2=Yamamoto, T |author3=Makino, B |author4=Yamamura, H |author5=Araki, S |author6=Butsugan, Y |author7=Saito, K | title = The structure of physalin T from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetti. | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 199–205 | issn = 1028-6020 | journal = Journal of Asian Natural Products Research | doi = 10.1080/10286020108041391 }}
12. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Silva | first1 = M.T.G. | last2 = Simas | first2 = S.M. | last3 = Batista | first3 = T.G. | last4 = Cardarelli | first4 = P. | last5 = Tomassini | first5 = T.C.B. | year = 2005 | title = Studies on antimicrobial activity, in vitro, of Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae) fraction and physalin B bringing out the importance of assay determination | url = | journal = Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz | volume = 100 | issue = 7| pages = 779–82 | doi=10.1590/s0074-02762005000700018 | pmid=16410969}}
13. ^leishmanicidal {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515091244/http://www.scitopics.com/Leishmanicidal_activities_of_natural_products.html |date=15 May 2010 }}
14. ^Choudhary M.I., Yousaf S., Ahmed S., Samreen, Yasmeen K., Atta-ur-Rahmang "Antileishmanial physalins from Physalis minima" Chemistry and Biodiversity 2005 2:9 (1164-1173).
15. ^YUAN Ye, XU Nan, BU Xian-kun, ZHAN Hong-li, ZHANG Meng-meng Chemical constituents of Physalis alkekengivar. franchetii (Ⅱ) "Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs" http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZCYO201012005.htm (Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China).
16. ^The Pliocene flora of Kholmech, south-eastern Belarus and it's correlation with other Pliocene floras of Europe by Felix Yu. VELICHKEVICH and Ewa ZASTAWNIAK - Acta Palaeobot. 43(2): 137–259, 2003
17. ^History of the British Flora: A Factual Basis for Phytogeography by Sir Harry Godwin, Cambridge University Press, first published 1956, second edition 1975, {{ISBN|9780521269414}}