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词条 Cecily McMillan
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. Occupy Wall Street

  3. Zuccotti Park arrest

  4. Trial and conviction

  5. Imprisonment at Rikers Island

  6. Prisoner rights advocacy

  7. Second criminal case

  8. References

Cecily McMillan (born 1988) is an American activist and advocate for prisoner rights in the United States who was arrested and subsequently convicted of felony second-degree assault after assaulting a New York City Police officer as he led her out of the Occupy Wall Street protest in Zuccotti Park on March 17, 2012.[1] McMillan's highly publicized arrest and trial led to her being called a "cause célèbre of the Occupy Wall Street movement".[2] McMillan claimed that her breast was grabbed and twisted by someone behind her, which she claims to have responded to by reflexively elbowing her perceived attacker in the face.[3] The officer involved, Grantley Bovell, testified that she deliberately assaulted him, a claim supported by video evidence showing McMillan "bending her knees, then throwing her right elbow into the officer's eye".[1][5] She was arrested after a brief attempt to flee, and claims to have been beaten by police during her arrest.[3] McMillan was convicted of felony second-degree assault on May 5, 2014, and was subsequently sentenced to three months in prison and five years of probation.[1][4]

Her trial and conviction were criticized as a "miscarriage of justice" by supporters, who accused the court of failing to allow the defense to introduce what they viewed as important evidence. This evidence was primarily additional media and the officer's records, which contained accounts of several past incidents.[5] McMillan was released from prison early on July 2, 2014, after serving 58 days of her jail sentence at Rikers Island.[6] After her release, McMillan advocated for the plight of inmates and attempted to bring increased attention to the relationship between poverty and incarceration.[7][8][9][10]

Early life and education

McMillan is of Irish and Mexican descent.[11] She was raised by her single mother in Beaumont, Texas, and spent summers in Atlanta, Georgia with her father and his family.[12] She graduated from Lawrence University and actively participated in the 2011 Wisconsin protests where she fought to save collective bargaining from its dismantling by Governor Scott Walker.[11] In New York, she enrolled in graduate school at the New School for Social Research in the fall of 2011 and worked as a nanny for several families.[13] At the New School, she studied nonviolent movements and found inspiration in the works of Bayard Rustin.[14] McMillan was known as a "dedicated pacifist" who had many discussions with her thesis adviser about the topic of nonviolence.[15] She planned to write her master's thesis on Jane Addams and the settlement movement, but Occupy Wall Street (OWS) protests began at the end of her first week of school.[12]

Occupy Wall Street

McMillan continued her studies at the New School, held a part-time job, and became active with the OWS Demands Working Group. During one protest, she occupied the school buildings along with other demonstrators, but objected to the destruction of property. Her nonviolent approach caused a riff with other protesters who had advocated trashing the building, leading the radical elements in support of the property destruction to hold a "shadow trial" where she was condemned as a "bureaucratic provocateur."[12] "I realized there was a serious problem between anarchists and socialists and democratic socialists. I wanted, like Bayard Rustin, to bring everyone together. I wanted to repair the fractured left. I wanted to build coalitions," McMillan recalls.[12] Nick Pinto of The Wall Street Journal noted that McMillan's political views were "relatively moderate" and that the Occupy Wall Street movement "alienated [her] for insisting the group disavow violence."[16] While McMillan did not initially view Occupy Wall Street in a positive light,[12] she later "got very involved, inspired" by it, calling it "a beautiful experiment". She was heavily involved in the Occupy Wall Street movement for months before the incident, and was spending up to 14 hours a day in Zuccotti Park.[17]

Zuccotti Park arrest

On March 17, 2012, McMillan was celebrating St. Patrick's Day with friends in Lower Manhattan when she went to Zuccotti Park to meet up with more friends.[1][11][13] On that day, hundreds of people were in the park commemorating the six-month anniversary of the Occupy Wall Street movement. Police officers announced that the park was closed and that anyone remaining inside would be charged with trespassing, and later began clearing out the remaining protestors.[13][18]

According to the police, McMillan was asked to leave the park, but refused to leave. The officer later placed a hand on her shoulder to lead her out. The events diverge here with McMillan claiming the officer grabbed her breast and in return, she elbowed the police officer in the eye, although she claims to have no memory of the incident.[19] The officer testified that she suddenly said "Are you filming this? Are you filming this?", bent down, then leapt up to strike him in the face with her elbow.[4] Video supported the officer's account, showing McMillan "bending her knees, then throwing her right elbow into the officer's eye".[1] After briefly attempting to flee, she was tackled by several officers and detained.[1][4] The New York Times reported that McMillan appeared to have "what looked like a seizure" while being loaded onto a police bus, and was then transported to a hospital.[4]

Trial and conviction

{{main|Trial of Cecily McMillan}}{{quote box|width=35%|align=right|quote=The trial became a rallying point among people who sympathized with the Occupy Wall Street protests of 2011 and 2012, which called attention to the gap between rich and poor and criticized the government bailout of big banks. Many of Ms. McMillan's supporters saw in her a potent symbol of the police crackdown that ended the occupation of Zuccotti Park and snuffed out the protest's momentum.|source= —James C. McKinley Jr. in The New York Times[4]}}

The trial was held at the New York City Criminal Court and McMillan was defended by Martin Stolar, an attorney with the National Lawyers Guild.[20][21] McMillan alleged that a bruise on her breast, shown in photographs at trial, was inflicted by Officer Bovell. Prosecutors argued that Bovell did not cause the injury, and noted that McMillan did not report the alleged assault at either of two hospitals where she received treatment the night of the arrest, with the pictures being taken days later by her personal doctor.[13][22]

After a month-long trial, the twelve-person jury reached their verdict after deliberating for three hours on May 5, 2014, finding McMillan guilty of intentionally assaulting a police officer.[23] The court convicted her of second-degree assault, a felony that could result in a prison term of up to seven years.[24] Justice Ronald A. Zweibel ordered her detained without bail until her sentencing on May 19.[25] McMillan was later sentenced to three months in prison and five years of probation, and was ordered to undergo a mental health evaluation and treatment.[26]

Imprisonment at Rikers Island

McMillan served her sentence at Rikers Island Penitentiary. On May 9, members of the Russian punk rock group Pussy Riot, visited McMillan on Rikers Island as part of a campaign by The Voice Project petitioning for leniency.[27][28] A friend of McMillan claimed that McMillan was made to wait close to three weeks before receiving her prescribed ADHD medication, and that she was intermittently denied it afterwards.[6] McMillan claimed that after asking how she could obtain her medication, a corrections officer that had previously addressed her as "Vagina" said "Oh, you want your crazy pills!".[11] In one case, she claims to have been assaulted by the prison pharmacist for looking at his badge after he allegedly harassed her, she filed a complaint but did not take further action due to worries about retaliation.[29][30] McMillan was released on July 2, 2014, after serving 58 days at Rikers.[31]

Prisoner rights advocacy

After her release, McMillan advocated for the rights of prisoners at Rikers. In an opinion piece for The New York Times, McMillan claimed that inmates were denied medical treatment, humiliated, and subject to random searches.[29] At a press conference, she called for "better access to healthcare, drug rehabilitation services and education inside the jail".[6] McMillan claimed to Democracy Now! that "deplorable conditions existed in the prison", and expressed concern over the death of her friend "Judith", who died shortly before McMillan's release.[29][32] She viewed Judith's death as a potential case of medical malpractice, claiming that Judith's pain medication had been switched to a dangerously high dose, and that requests to get Judith medical treatment after her condition declined were ignored, although her account omits that Judith was diagnosed with Hepatitis C and liver cancer, not just "back pain".[29][30][32][33][34][35]

Second criminal case

In a December 2013 incident, McMillan was arrested and charged with obstructing governmental administration after she tried to intervene when a police officer asked two people in a Union Square subway station for identification.[2] A sentencing memo presented at her earlier trial stated that she had yelled at the police "she hoped their wives and children died", continuing with "this new arrest mirrors what was on display throughout the trial: the defendant's utter contempt for the police and the important job they do on a daily basis".[2] According to the criminal complaint, she was accused of misrepresenting herself as a lawyer and urging the two people not to cooperate with the police.[2] After she was acquitted of the charges in November 2014, her lawyer summarized the case as "being annoying and obnoxious to the police is not illegal".[36]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|last1=McKinley Jr.|first1=James C.|title=Woman Found Guilty of Assaulting Officer at an Occupy Wall Street Protest|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/06/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-protester-is-found-guilty-of-assaulting-officer.html|accessdate=25 June 2015|work=The New York Times|date=May 5, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506095931/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/06/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-protester-is-found-guilty-of-assaulting-officer.html|archivedate=May 6, 2014}}
2. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last1=Madan|first1=Monique O.|title=Occupy Wall Street Protester Is Out of Jail, but Back in Court|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/18/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-protester-is-out-of-jail-and-back-in-court.html|accessdate=25 June 2015|work=The New York Times|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718234430/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/18/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-protester-is-out-of-jail-and-back-in-court.html|archivedate=July 18, 2014}}
3. ^1 Crabapple, Molly (June 11, 2014). "From Pussy Riot to Snowden: the Dissident Fetish." Vanity Fair. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|last1=McKinley Jr.|first1=James C.|title=Despite Calls for Release, Activist in Occupy Case Gets Three Months|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/20/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-protester-sentenced-to-3-months-in-jail.html|accessdate=25 June 2015|work=The New York Times|date=May 19, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601094913/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/20/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-protester-sentenced-to-3-months-in-jail.html|archivedate=June 1, 2014}}
5. ^Funkhouser, Kathryn (May 9, 2014). Editors Don’t Belong in Courtrooms, and Cecily McMillan Doesn’t Belong in Prison." The Nation. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
6. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Swaine|first1=Jon|title=Occupy activist Cecily McMillan released from jail after two months|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/02/occupy-activist-cecily-mcmillan-released|accessdate=25 June 2015|work=The Guardian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703042124/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/02/occupy-activist-cecily-mcmillan-released|archivedate=July 3, 2014}}
7. ^Nathanson, Rebecca (September 17, 2014). "[https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/five-ways-occupy-wall-street-is-still-fighting-20140917 Five Ways Occupy Wall Street Is Still Fighting]." Rolling Stone. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
8. ^McMillan, Cecily (July 24, 2014). "[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/opinion/cecily-mcmillan-on-brutality-and-humiliation-on-rikers-island.html?_r=2 What I Saw on Rikers Island]." The New York Times. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
9. ^Feldman, Steffi (July 2, 2014). "Cecily McMillan, Former Occupy Protester, Released Early From Rikers Island." The New York Observer. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
10. ^Feldman, Steffi (July 24, 2015). "Cecily McMillan Speaks Out In Defense of Rikers’ Correction Officers." The New York Observer. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
11. ^1 2 3 Gitlin, Todd (May 23, 2014). "Cecily McMillan, from Zuccotti Park to Rikers." The New Yorker. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
12. ^1 2 3 4 Hedges, Chris (2015). Wages of Rebellion. Nation Books. {{ISBN|9781568584904}}. This material previously appeared on Truthdig in 2014 as "The Crime of Peaceful Protest".
13. ^1 2 3 Merlan, Anna (May 19, 20140. "Cecily McMillan faces prison time. Where's the justice in that?." The Village Voice. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
14. ^McMillan, Cecily (August 12, 2014). "I Went From Grad School to Prison". Cosmopolitan. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
15. ^Goldberg, Michelle (April 14, 2014). "The Outrageous Trial of Cecily Mcmillan." The Nation. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
16. ^Pinto, Nick (May 19, 2014). "[https://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2014/05/19/final-occupy-wall-street-defendant-cecily-mcmillan-is-sentenced/ Final Occupy Wall Street Defendant, Cecily McMillan, is Sentenced]." The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
17. ^{{cite news|last1=Divito|first1=Nick|title=Occupy Wall Street Defendant Testifies|url=http://www.courthousenews.com/2014/04/29/67447.htm|accessdate=2 July 2015|work=Courthouse News Service|date=April 29, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702210543/http://www.courthousenews.com/2014/04/29/67447.htm|archivedate=July 2, 2015}}
18. ^{{cite news|last1=Moynihan|first1=Colin|title=Scores Arrested as the Police Clear Zuccotti Park|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/17/arrests-made-as-protesters-mark-occupy-wall-streets-six-month-anniversary/|accessdate=25 June 2015|work=The New York Times|date=March 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105204334/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/17/arrests-made-as-protesters-mark-occupy-wall-streets-six-month-anniversary/|archivedate=January 5, 2014}}
19. ^{{cite news|last1=Schweber|first1=Nate|title=Protester Says She Doesn't Recall Hitting Officer With Elbow|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/01/nyregion/protester-says-she-doesnt-recall-striking-a-police-officer.html|accessdate=25 June 2015|work=The New York Times|date=April 30, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501062032/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/01/nyregion/protester-says-she-doesnt-recall-striking-a-police-officer.html|archivedate=May 1, 2014}}
20. ^Mckinley, James C. (May 5, 2014). "[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/06/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-protester-is-found-guilty-of-assaulting-officer.html Woman Found Guilty of Assaulting Officer at an Occupy Wall Street Protest]." The New York Times. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
21. ^Merlan, Anna (May 5, 2014). "Occupy Wall Street Activist Cecily McMillan Found Guilty of Assault on Police Officer." Village Voice. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
22. ^Amy Goodman and Aaron Mate, Occupy Wall Street on Trial Convicted of Assaulting Cop, Faces Up to Seven Years", truth-out.org; accessed November 8, 2014.
23. ^Swaine, Jon (May 5, 2014). "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/05/occupy-wall-street-cecily-mcmillan-guilty-assaulting-police-officer Occupy Wall Street activist found guilty of assaulting police officer]." The Guardian. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
24. ^Swaine, Jon (May 8, 2014). "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/08/cecily-mcmillan-jurors-judge-occupy-activist-jail Cecily McMillan jurors tell judge Occupy activist should not go to jail]." The Guardian. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
25. ^"[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-27297346 Cecily McMillan found guilty of striking policeman]." BBC News. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
26. ^McKinley Jr., James C.(May 20, 2014). "[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/20/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-protester-sentenced-to-3-months-in-jail.html Despite Calls for Release, Activist in Occupy Case Gets Three Months]." The New York Times. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
27. ^John Swane, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/09/cecily-mcmillan-pussy-riot-occupy-wall-street- "Pussy Riot members visit Occupy activist Cecily McMillan in prison"], TheGuardian.com, May 9, 2014; accessed November 8, 2014.
28. ^"Campaign: Cecily McMillan", VoiceProject.org, May 2014; accessed November 8, 2014.
29. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last1=McMillan|first1=Cecily|title=What I Saw on Rikers Island|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/opinion/cecily-mcmillan-on-brutality-and-humiliation-on-rikers-island.html|accessdate=25 June 2015|work=The New York Times|date=July 23, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725022356/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/opinion/cecily-mcmillan-on-brutality-and-humiliation-on-rikers-island.html|archivedate=July 25, 2014}}
30. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Merlan|first1=Anna|title=Occupy Protester Cecily McMillan On Rikers: "In Some Ways, I'm Treated Better Than Anyone Else In Here, Which Is Horrifying"|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/news/occupy-protester-cecily-mcmillan-on-rikers-in-some-ways-im-treated-better-than-anyone-else-in-here-which-is-horrifying-6692444|accessdate=25 June 2015|work=Village Voice|date=Jun 30, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625162905/http://www.villagevoice.com/news/occupy-protester-cecily-mcmillan-on-rikers-in-some-ways-im-treated-better-than-anyone-else-in-here-which-is-horrifying-6692444|archivedate=June 25, 2015}}
31. ^Associated Press. (July 2, 2014). "Cecily McMillan, Occupy Wall Street Activist, Exits Rikers Island Fighting For Prisoner Rights." CBS News. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
32. ^1 {{cite news|title=Occupy Wall Street Activist Cecily McMillan Released, Brings Messages from Women Held at Rikers Jail|url=http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2014/7/2/occupy_wall_street_activist_cecily_mcmillan|accessdate=25 June 2015|work=Democracy Now|date=July 2, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703030120/http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2014/7/2/occupy_wall_street_activist_cecily_mcmillan|archivedate=July 3, 2014}}
33. ^{{cite news|last1=Goodman|first1=Amy|title="Your Body Is No Longer Your Own": Freed OWS Activist Cecily McMillan on Plight of Women in Jail|url=http://www.democracynow.org/2014/7/14/your_body_is_no_longer_your|accessdate=25 June 2015|work=Democracy Now|date=July 14, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715040706/http://www.democracynow.org/2014/7/14/your_body_is_no_longer_your|archivedate=July 15, 2014}}
34. ^{{cite news|last1=Sledge|first1=Matt|title=Occupy Wall Street Activist Cecily McMillan Charges 'Medical Malpractice' In Rikers Death|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/02/cecily-mcmillan-released_n_5552634.html|accessdate=25 June 2015|work=Huffington Post|date=July 2, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704030323/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/02/cecily-mcmillan-released_n_5552634.html|archivedate=July 4, 2014}}
35. ^{{cite news|last1=Law|first1=Victoria|title=Public Prisons, Private Profits|url=https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2014/nov/16/public-prisons-private-profits/|accessdate=25 June 2015|work=Prison Legal News|date=Nov 16, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421082835/https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2014/nov/16/public-prisons-private-profits/|archivedate=April 21, 2015}} (See section: "Privatizing Health Care - But at What Cost?")
36. ^{{cite news|last1=Peltz|first1=Jennifer|title=Occupy Wall Street Activist Cecily McMillan Acquitted Of Obstructing Police|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/11/cecily-mcmillan-acquitted-occupy-wall-street_n_5969834.html|accessdate=25 June 2015|work=Huffington Post|date=Oct 11, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014151007/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/11/cecily-mcmillan-acquitted-occupy-wall-street_n_5969834.html|archivedate=2014-10-14|deadurl=yes|df=}}
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9 : American criminals|American people convicted of assault|Occupy Wall Street|Living people|People from Beaumont, Texas|Date of birth missing (living people)|Place of birth missing (living people)|Activists from Texas|1988 births
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