| 释义 |
- Description
- Distribution and habitat
- Uses
- See also
- References
- External links
{{Taxobox
| image = Ceriops tagal - flowers (8349980250).jpg
| image_caption = In Mozambique
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref =
| regnum = Plantae
| unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
| unranked_classis = Eudicots
| unranked_ordo = Rosids
| ordo = Malpighiales
| familia = Rhizophoraceae
| genus = Ceriops
| species = C. tagal
| binomial = Ceriops tagal
| binomial_authority = (Pers.) C.B.Rob.[2]
| synonyms ={{Collapsible list
|Bruguiera arnottiana {{Au|Wight ex Arn.}}
|Bruguiera timoriensis {{Au|Wight & Arn.}}
|Ceriops boviniana {{Au|Tul.}}
|Ceriops candolleana {{Au|Arn.}}
|Ceriops forsteniana {{Au|Blume}}
|Ceriops globulifera {{Au|Boreau ex Tul.}}
|Ceriops lucida {{Au|Miq.}}
|Ceriops mossambicensis {{Au|Klotzsch}}
|Ceriops pauciflora {{Au|Benth.}}
|Ceriops somalensis {{Au|Chiov.}}
|Ceriops timoriensis {{Au|Domin}}
|Ceriops timoriensis {{Au|(DC.) C.A.Gardner}}
}}
| synonyms_ref = [2]
}}Ceriops tagal (spurred mangrove,[4] Indian mangrove, {{lang-af|Indiese wortelboom}}, {{lang-zu|Isinkaha}}[5]) is a mangrove tree species in the family Rhizophoraceae. It is a protected tree in South Africa.[5] The specific epithet {{lang|fil|tagal}} is a plant name from the Tagalog language.[7]DescriptionCeriops tagal is a medium-sized tree growing to a height of {{convert|25|m|-1}} with a trunk diameter of up to {{convert|45|cm|0|abbr=on}}. The growth habit is columnar or multi-stemmed and the tree develops large buttress roots. The radiating anchor roots are sometimes exposed and may loop up in places. The bark is silvery-grey to orangeish-brown, smooth with occasional pustular lenticels. The leaves are in opposite pairs, glossy yellowish-green above, obovate with entire margins, up to {{convert|6|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|3|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} wide. The flowers are borne singly in the leaf axils; each has a long stalk and a short calyx tube, and parts in fives or sixes. The paired stamens are enclosed in the petals which open explosively when disturbed. The ovoid fruits are up to {{convert|3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} long suspended from the shrunken calyx tube. Brown at first, they change colour as they mature and the hypocotyl emerges. The hypocotyl is long and slender, growing to about {{convert|35|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} long, and is ribbed, a characteristic that distinguishes this mangrove from the smooth-fruited yellow mangrove (Ceriops australis).[7][1]Distribution and habitatC. tagal grows naturally in Eastern and Southern Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles, India, China, Indo-China, Malesia, Papuasia, the Caroline Islands, New Caledonia and Australia.[[4] Its habitat is in brackish water areas near tidal lines.][[7]]UsesThe durable wood is used in house construction. It is also used in the manufacture of charcoal,[7] and is favoured as firewood, being second only to Rhizophora spp., and a dye can be extracted from the bark.[ Among the mangrove species, its bark and sap yield red and black dyes which are used in batik and tanning leather.{{cn|date=April 2018}}] See also- List of Southern African indigenous trees
References1. ^{{cite book|author=Duke, Norman C.|title=Australia's Mangroves: The Authoritative Guide to Australia's Mangrove Plants |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61L3nLkJEDYC&pg=PT66 |year=2006 |publisher=MER |isbn=978-0-646-46196-0 |page=66}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web | title = Ceriops tagal (Pers.) C.B.Rob. | url = http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2712632 | work = The Plant List | accessdate = 30 June 2015 }}
3. ^1 2 {{GRIN | accessdate = 30 June 2015 }}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web | url = http://www.forestry.co.za/uploads/File/fsa%20notices/2012/SA%20protected%20trees%202012.pdf | title = List of Protected Tree Species | date = 7 September 2012 | orig-year = National Forests Act 1998 | publisher = Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (South Africa) | accessdate = 30 June 2015 }}
5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book | last1 = Madani | first1 = L. | last2 = Wong | first2 = K. M. | date = 1995 | contribution = Ceriops tagal (Pers.) C.B.Rob. | contribution-url = http://www.chm.frim.gov.my/backup/TFSSvol1_3.pdf | editor1-last = Soepadmo | editor1-first = E. | editor2-last = Wong | editor2-first = K. M. | title = Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak | volume = 1 | pages = 335–336, 337 | publisher = Forest Research Institute Malaysia | isbn = 983-9592-34-3 | url = http://www.chm.frim.gov.my/Resources/Publications/Books/Floras/Tree-Flora-of-Sabah-and-Sarawak.aspx | version = (free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions) | accessdate = 30 June 2015 }}
[2][3][4][5]
}}External links- {{cite web |title=Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob. |work=Atlas of Living Australia |url=https://bie.ala.org.au/species/http://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/4656424}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2946677}} 10 : Rhizophoraceae|Mangroves|Trees of Africa|Trees of China|Flora of tropical Asia|Trees of Australia|Flora of the Caroline Islands|Trees of New Caledonia|Protected trees of South Africa|Plants described in 1908 |