| 词条 | Channa Horwitz |
| 释义 |
Early life and educationHorwitz was born in Boyle Heights, Los Angeles, on May 21, 1932; her father was an electrician and inventor. She studied at Art Center School of Design 1950-52.[5] As a married mother of two she studied painting at California State University Northridge (1960–63) while living in Tarzana. At CSUN she was encouraged by her instructors to paint in an Abstract Expressionist style, to "be free" and "throw the paint."[6] She had a third child[5] before earning a B.F.A. in 1972 from CalArts, studying under teachers John Baldessari and Allan Kaprow, among others.[7] She married her second husband, Jim Horwitz, in 1973.[1] Early WorkIn 1964, already deconstructing form and doing large, hard-edged oil paintings, using limited motif and basic geometric shapes, Horwitz developed in sketches what came to be known as her "Language Series" body of work which she later began actualizing in 2003. She combined circles, squares and rectangles with sequential numbers, 1 through 8, to create compositions. Horwitz arranged these compositions into linear progressive patterns based on the corresponding numbers. She felt that by reducing the choices she had, she was able to search for the essence of form. "As an artist I experience freedom through limitation and structure. It would appear that limitation and structure are dichotomies to freedom, but through experience I have found them to be synonymous and the basis of freedom." This approach continued to inform her inquiry and subsequent bodies of work.[8] Also in 1964 Horwitz started a series of architectural interior renderings for a fictitious couple named, “Mr. and Mrs. McGillicutty.” Each rendering was composed of basic interior elements including a window and a window-blind. Horwitz lost interest in all other elements of the series, save for the varied positioning of the window-blinds. Altering the position of the blinds was another early indication of Horwitz's inquiry into systems and sequences and their variety of patterns.[6] Black and White, Circle and Square (1966): By 1966 She did away with all narrative pretexts and reduced her vocabulary to just black and white and the circle and the square. With four simple rules governing her process, Horwitz composed sixteen paintings in the Circle and Square series. The four rules were: “1) Randomly position two rectangles (on large one small) against a broad field. 2) Draw a circle around the circumference of each of the rectangles. 3) Draw a circle in the center of the entire frame. 4) Color the portion of each rectangle falling outside circle number 3 a darker shade.” [6]In this manner Horwitz came to her own, self derived, version of minimalism. In the early years of her practice, as she worked out her system of representation, Horwitz was fairly isolated and unfamiliar with Sol LeWitt and other conceptualists working in the same vein.[6][14] The Art and Technology exhibition and SonakinatographyIn 1968, Horwitz (then Channa Davis) submitted a proposal to the innovative exhibition Art and Technology (1971), in which artists were paired with technology companies and engineers, at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. The proposed sculpture consisted of "eight large clear Plexiglas beams designed to move and float in the air within magnetic fields, accompanied by eight beams of light that would vary in intensity based on the adjacent beam."[9][10] The movement would occur in ten minute cycles. Although the sculpture was never fabricated, Horwitz's proposal was included in the 1970 program catalogue, whose cover prominently displayed the faces of the white male artists whose works appeared in the culminating exhibition at the Museum. Art and Technology's glaring omission of women—specifically the fact that Horwitz was never asked to speak with industry about the possibility of making her sculpture led to a public outcry in the feminist art community in Los Angeles, involving confrontations and eventual concessions from the curator Maurice Tuchman.[11][12] Not long after submitting the Art and Technology proposal, Horwitz continued her interest in representing motion across time. She asked her then-husband for a break from a tennis match to spend two hours drawing, and during this period invented a system of composition called Sonakinatography, meaning sound - motion - notation.[4] Sonakinatography plots the activity of eight entities over a period of time using numbers, colors, and the eight-to-the-inch squares of the graph paper they appear on. While conceptually complete ends in themselves,[5] and visually appealing in their own right as standalone drawings, Sonakinatography compositions have also been performed via percussion, dance, spoken word, lights, and electronic instruments.[4] Because of the initial choice of eight-to-the-inch graph paper for Sonakinatography, Horwitz has used the number eight consistently through her work, as she expands and varies her original systems into new sequences and series.[13] Subsequent bodies of work which were outgrowths of each prior series and her deepening inquiry, include "To the Top", "Variations and Inversion on a Rhythm", "Eight", "Canon Series", "Moiré", "Subliminal", "Variance", Rhythm of Lines", and "Angle of Lines" Series, "Design Series", and "Language Series l, ll, and lll".[5]Current representationAlthough for the most part publicly ignored throughout her career, Horwitz's work has been gaining recognition in recent years. She is currently represented by Ghebaly Gallery and Lisson Gallery. Horwitz has commented that this lack of public involvement has likely given her the freedom to pursue and question the directions in which the structures of her work take her.[13] She has recently had solo exhibitions at Ghebaly Gallery (Los Angeles), Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver, Canada), Lisson Gallery (New York), Raven Row (London, England), KW Institute for Contemporary Art (Berlin), Air de Paris (France). She was included in group exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art (New York), Inhotim (Brazil), Museum Tinguely (Switzerland), Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Hammer Museum (Los Angeles), the New Museum (New York), ZKM Karlsruhe and Kunsthalle Dresden (Germany), and Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea (Spain), the 55th Venice Biennale (2013), and the Whitney Biennial 2014. She has upcoming events across the US and Europe. She received the honor of a Guggenheim Fellowship shortly before her death in April, 2013.[14] Selected Solo Exhibitions
Selected Group-Exhibitions
References1. ^1 {{citation|title=Channa Horwitz, 1932 – 2013: Artist known for geometric paintings|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=May 4, 2013|page=AA6}}. {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Horwitz, Channa}}2. ^{{cite news | url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2010/04/art-review-channa-horwitz-at-solwayjones-and-kunsthalle-la.html/ | accessdate=2012-02-23| title=Art review: Channa Horwitz at SolwayJones and Kunsthalle L.A | newspaper=Los Angeles Times | last=Ollman | first= Leah | date=2 April 2010}} 3. ^[//www.friezeartfair.com/yearbook/artist/100049693/ Frieze Art Fair Review], Retrieved 2012-2-23. 4. ^1 2 {{cite news | url=http://www.artlurker.com/2010/04/jet-set-saturdays-channa-horwitz-at-solway-jones-and-kunsthalle-la/ | accessdate=2012-02-23| title=ARTLURKER Jet Set Saturdays: Channa Horwitz at SolwayJones and Kunsthalle L.A | website=Artlurker | last=Martens | first=Anne | date=10 April 2010}} 5. ^1 2 3 estate 6. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|title=Full circle, 1964-2005 : November 19 - December 17 2005|last=Kraus|first=Chris|publisher=SolwayJones|year=2005|isbn=0974940038|location=Los Angeles, California|pages=5, 6}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://artforum.com/inprint/issue=201307&id=42609|title=Chris Kraus on Channa Horwitz|last=Kraus|first=Chris|website=artforum.com|access-date=2016-03-04}} 8. ^Estate of Channa Horwitz/Channa Horwitz Art Archivist 9. ^estate - artist's proposal and writings 10. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Made in L.A. 2012|last=Ellegood|first=Anne|publisher=Hammer Museum and DelMonico Books|year=2012|isbn=|location=Los Angeles|pages=90}} 11. ^{{cite news | url=http://collectionsonline.lacma.org/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=epage;id=502074;type=803 | accessdate=2012-02-23| title=In context: LACMA's Art and Technology Program, 1967–1971 | work=LACMA.org | last=Fox | first=Howard N. | year=2008}} 12. ^Feminist Response to Art and Technology, Retrieved 2012-2-23. 13. ^1 Write-up in COS Magazine {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225100552/http://www.cosstores.com/Magazine/24487.1 |date=February 25, 2012 }}, Must search for "Channa Horwitz" in text. Retrieved 2012-2-23. 14. ^http://www.ghebaly.com Retrieved 6-27-2014. 15. ^Profil der Künstlerin auf artfacts.net 3 : 1932 births|2013 deaths|American artists |
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