| 词条 | Charles Joseph George |
| 释义 |
| name = Charles Joseph George | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = Lagos, Nigeria | education = | alma_mater = | death_date = 1906 | death_place = | nationality = Nigerian | other_names = | known_for = Political activity | occupation = Trader }} Charles Joseph George (before 1881 – 1906) was a successful Saro[1] trader who was appointed a member of the Legislative Council of the Lagos Colony from 1886 onwards.{{sfn|Lynch|1970|pp=220-221}} Church leaderCharles Joseph George was of Egba origin, a Lagos trader and a prominent Wesleyan.{{sfn|Ayandele|1970|pp=164}} The Anglican C.M.S. Grammar School, Lagos had been established in 1859 by Rev. T.B. Macaulay. On 13 January 1874, leaders of the Methodist community, including C.J. George, met to discuss founding a similar school for members of their communion. After a fund-raising drive, the Methodist Boys School building was opened in June 1877.{{sfn|Methodist Boys School}} On 17 February 1881, George was one of the community leaders who laid the foundation stone for the Wesley Church at Olowogbowo, in the west of Lagos Island.{{sfn|Wesley Cathedral}} Legislative Council memberAs a leader of the indigenous business community, C.J. George was appointed an unofficial[2] member of the Legislative Council by Governor Alfred Moloney when Lagos Colony was separated from the Gold Coast in 1886.{{sfn|Lynch|1970|pp=220-221}} The new legislative council was composed of four official and three unofficial members. Moloney nominated two Africans as unofficial representatives, the other being James Johnson.{{sfn|Ayandele|1970|pp=164}} The British had arranged to pay Dosunmu, the Oba of Lagos an annual grant of £1,000 for his lifetime, after which they would assume full sovereignty of the colony. When Dosunmu died in 1884, Africans led by James Johnson and supported by George demanded a reasonable payment for his son, Oyekan. This was agreed by the administration, but only reluctantly.{{sfn|Ayandele|1970|pp=174}} In August 1896, C.J. George and G.W. Neville, both merchants and both unofficial members of the Legislative Council, presented a petition urging construction of the railway terminus on Lagos Island rather than at Iddo, and also asking for the railway to be extended to Abeokuta. George was the leader of the delegation making this request, and described its many commercial advantages.{{sfn|Olukoju|2004|pp=15}} In 1903 there was a crisis over the payment of the tolls that were collected from traders by native rulers, although Europeans were exempted. The alternative was to replace the tolls by a subsidy. Governor William MacGregor requested views from C.J. George, Christopher Sapara Williams and Obadiah Johnson as indigenous opinion leaders. All were in favor of retaining the tolls to avoid upsetting the rulers.{{sfn|Falola|Adebayo|2000|pp=115}} In 1903 the government of the colony prepared a Newspaper Ordinance ostensibly designed to prevent libels being published. George, Williams and Johnson, the three Nigerian council members, all objected on the grounds that the ordinance would inhibit freedom of the press. George said "any obstacle in the way of publication of newspapers in this colony means throwing Lagos back to its position forty or fifty years ago". Despite these objections, the ordinance was passed into law.{{sfn|Ogbondah|1992|pp=8-9}} George was reappointed to the Legislative Council in April 1904.{{sfn|Downing Street}} He retained his position on the Council until his death in 1906.{{sfn|Ayandele|1970|pp=166}} Notes1. ^A "Saro" was a freed slave who had returned to Nigeria. 2. ^"Unofficial" means a civilian as opposed to a colonial official. References{{reflist |colwidth=20em}}Sources{{refbegin}}
|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/27669/pages/2582/page.pdf |journal=The London Gazette |date=22 April 1904 |title=Downing Street}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KxL03_ajZNgC&pg=PA115 |title=Culture, politics & money among the Yoruba |first1=Toyin |last1=Falola |first2=Akanmu Gafari |last2=Adebayo |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=2000 |ISBN=1-56000-418-5}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eZK1g1vjZL4C&pg=PA102 |title=Holy Johnson, pioneer of African nationalism, 1836-1917 |first=Emmanuel Ayankanmi |last=Ayandele |publisher=Routledge |year=1970 |ISBN=0-7146-1743-1}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dvsl6dyDDpgC&pg=PA220 |pages=220–221 |title=Edward Wilmot Blyden: Pan-Negro patriot, 1832-1912 |first=Hollis Ralph |last=Lynch |publisher=Oxford University Press US |year=1970 |ISBN=0-19-501268-2}}
|ref={{harvid|Methodist Boys School}} |url=http://www.mbhslagos.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62&Itemid=73 |title=Methodist Boys High School Lagos: History |publisher=Methodist Boys High School Lagos |accessdate=2011-05-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324114134/http://www.mbhslagos.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62&Itemid=73 |archivedate=2012-03-24 |df= }}
|url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/africa%20media%20review/vol6no3/jamr006003002.pdf |title=British Colonial Authoritarianism, African Military Dictatorship and the Nigerian Press |first=Chris W. |last=Ogbondah |journal=Africa Media Review |volume=6 |issue=3 |year=1992 |publisher=African Council for Communication Education |accessdate=2011-05-23}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N8ZS899D230C&pg=PA15 |title=The "Liverpool" of West Africa: the dynamics and impact of maritime trade in Lagos, 1900-1950 |first=Ayodeji |last=Olukoju |publisher=Africa World Press |year=2004 |ISBN=1-59221-292-1}}
|ref={{harvid|Wesley Cathedral}} |url=http://www.wesleycathedralolowogbowo.com/About%20us.html |title=WESLEY CATHEDRAL CHOIR OLOWOGBOWO: About Us |publisher=WESLEY CATHEDRAL CHOIR OLOWOGBOWO |accessdate=2011-05-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324113937/http://www.wesleycathedralolowogbowo.com/About%20us.html |archivedate=2012-03-24 |df= }}{{refend}}{{DEFAULTSORT:George, Charles Joseph}} 14 : Businesspeople from Lagos|Yoruba slaves|Yoruba politicians|19th-century Nigerian businesspeople|History of Lagos|Saro people|Yoruba businesspeople|Politicians from Lagos|Nigerian Methodists|1906 deaths|People of colonial Nigeria|Year of birth uncertain|19th-century Methodists|Founders of Nigerian schools and colleges |
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