| 词条 | Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts |
| 释义 |
| name = Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts | image = Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1753|11|20|df=y}} | birth_place = Sint-Truiden, Belgium | death_date = {{Death date and age|1825|08|04|1753|11|20|df=y}} | death_place = Paris | nationality = Belgian, French | other_names = | occupation = Lawyer, politicians | known_for = Minister of Justice }} Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts (20 November 1753 – 4 August 1825) was a Belgian-born lawyer who became Minister of Justice in France during the French Revolution. Later he was a deputy from 1819 to 1824. Early yearsCharles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts was born in Sint-Truiden, Belgium, on 20 November 1753. His father was Gilles de Lambrechts, a colonel in the army of the States General of the Netherlands.{{sfn|Robert|Cougny|1891|p=562}} He studied civil and canon law at Leuven.{{sfn|Lambrechts, Charles Joseph Mathieu, Ode}} He graduated in 1774, became a professor in 1777 and a doctor in 1782. He was elected rector of the university in 1786.{{sfn|Robert|Cougny|1891|p=562}} In 1788 the Emperor Joseph II charged Lambrechts with visiting the universities of Germany.{{sfn|Lambrechts, Charles Joseph Mathieu, Ode}} The goal was for him to study legal education in Germany with the promise that when he returned he would be given the chair of public law and international law in Leuven. The Brabant Revolution (January 1789 – December 1790) upset this plan. Lambrechts sided with the emperor, left Belgium, and only returned after the restoration of imperial authority.{{sfn|Robert|Cougny|1891|p=562}} In 1793 he established himself in Brussels to practice as an advocate.{{sfn|Becdelièvre-Hamal|1837|p=682}} French RevolutionLambrechts declared himself a supporter of the Revolution after the French entered Belgium. He became a municipal officer in Brussels, a member of the central government, then President of the central administration of the Department of Dyle. In 1797, the French Directory appointed him to replace Merlin de Douai at the Ministry of Justice. He held this position from 3 Vendémiaire VI (24 Septembre 1797) to 3 Messidor VIII (22 June 1800). He was a candidate to become a Director when Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès was chosen in place of Jean-François Rewbell.{{sfn|Robert|Cougny|1891|p=562}} In January 1798 Lambrechts defined the principles that would be followed in the territories occupied by the French armies, writing that servitude was accompanied by ignorance, and freedom could only come when the people were enlightened. They must therefore learn French in school so they could become virtuous citizens.{{sfn|Rowe|2003|p=120}} After the coup of 18 Brumaire VIII (9 November 1799) when the French Consulate came to power Lambrechts was made a member of the Sénat conservateur.{{sfn|Lambrechts, Charles Joseph Mathieu, Ode}} He was appointed to the Senate on 3 Nivôse VIII (24 December 1799).{{sfn|Robert|Cougny|1891|p=562}} EmpireLambrechts spoke out against Napoleon Bonaparte's accumulation of power, and was one of three senators who voted against establishment of the empire.{{sfn|Lambrechts, Charles Joseph Mathieu, Ode}} Despite this, he was appointed a member of the Legion of Honour on 9 Vendémiaire XII (2 October 1803) and was created Count of the Empire on 13 May 1808.{{sfn|Robert|Cougny|1891|p=562}} In 1814 Lambrechts was at the head of the minority, and wrote the preamble to the act of deposition of Napoleon.{{sfn|Lambrechts, Charles Joseph Mathieu, Ode}}{{efn|According to Lafayette, Lambrechts did not write the proposal to depose Napoleon, which was the work of Antoine Destutt de Tracy. He did write the preamble.{{sfn|Kennedy|1978|p=220}} }} He was a member of the commission to prepare a new constitution. However, King Louis XVIII of France refused to sanction it.{{sfn|Robert|Cougny|1891|p=562}} Lambrechts refused to give his oath to the emperor during the Hundred Days.{{sfn|Lambrechts, Charles Joseph Mathieu, Ode}} He retired to private life during the Hundred Days, and did not return to politics until 1819, after the second Bourbon Restoration.{{sfn|Becdelièvre-Hamal|1837|p=683}} Bourbon RestorationOn 11 September 1819 Lambrechts was elected to the chamber of deputies for two departments.{{sfn|Robert|Cougny|1891|p=562}} His health prevented him from appearing except on rare occasions. Lambrechts died on 4 August 1825. He left part of his fortune to various charitable institutions.{{sfn|Lambrechts, Charles Joseph Mathieu, Ode}} WorksLambrechts' surviving published works include:{{sfn|Charles-Joseph-Mathieu Lambrechts, BNF}} {{refbegin}}
|year=1815 |location=Paris |publisher=Mme Marchant}}
ReferencesNotes{{notes}}CitationsSources{{refbegin}}
|last=Becdelièvre-Hamal|first=Antoine-Gabriel de|title=Biographie liègeoise: ou précis historique et chronologique de toutes les personnes que se sont rendues célèbres par leurs talens, leurs vertues ou leurs actions dans l'ancien diocèse et pays de Liège, les duchés de Limbourg et de Bouillon, le pays de Stavelot, et la ville de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9qYlMlKM9sC&pg=PA682|accessdate=2014-06-11 |year=1837|publisher=Jeunehomme|chapter=Lambrechts (Charles Joseph Mathieu, Comte de)}}
|title=Charles-Joseph-Mathieu Lambrechts|work=BNF |accessdate=2014-06-10}}
|last=Kennedy|first=Emmet|title=A philosophe in the age of revolution, Destutt de Tracy and the origins of "ideology" |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0YnAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2014-06-11 |year=1978|publisher=American Philosophical Society|isbn=978-0-87169-129-3}}
|chapter=Lambrechts, Charles Joseph Mathieu (1753–1823)|title=Biographie universelle|publisher=Ode|location=Bruxelles |year=1844|accessdate=2014-06-10}}
|last1=Robert|first1=Adolphe |last2=Cougny |first2=Gaston|year=1891 |title=Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1789 à 1889|volume=3 |chapter=Lambrechts (Charles Joseph Mathieu, Comte de)|accessdate=2014-06-10}}
|last=Rowe|first=Michael|title=From Reich to State: The Rhineland in the Revolutionary Age, 1780–1830 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6LAxZtntTMC&pg=PA120|accessdate=2014-06-11 |date=2003-07-31|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-44065-3}}{{refend}}{{French Directory}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lambrechts, Charles Joseph Mathieu}} 5 : 1753 births|1825 deaths|People from Sint-Truiden|Members of the Sénat conservateur|French Ministers of Justice |
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