| 词条 | Charles Kinnear |
| 释义 |
Charles George Hood Kinnear FRIBA ARSA FRSE (30 May 1830 – 5 November 1894) was one half of Peddie & Kinnear, one of Scotland’s most renowned and prodigious architectural firms, famed for their development of the Scots Baronial style, typified by Cockburn Street in Edinburgh which evokes a highly medieval atmosphere. Kinnear was also a pioneer photographer credited with inventing the bellows attachment on early cameras. LifeHe was born in Kinloch House, near Collessie in Fife the son of Charles Kinnear a banker in the family firm of Thomas Kinnear & Co. His mother was Christian Jane Greenshields, a rich heiress. Kinnear can be presumed to have had a very privileged life. For most of his early life he lived at 125 Princes Street in Edinburgh.[1] His elder brother, John Boyd Kinnear, rose to fame as a politician. After private schooling and a degree at Edinburgh University, Charles trained as an architect under first William Burn then David Bryce, both based in Edinburgh. In 1852 he inherited a large number of properties, reducing any immediate need to be employed. In 1853/4 he appears to have toured Sicily and Italy, and is known to have sketched in both Palermo and Pisa. He was asked to join the rising John Dick Peddie as a partner in 1855, bringing an always-welcome large cash injection to the firm as a result. At the same time he set up his own home at 12 Alva Street where he lived until death. Despite a second huge inheritance in 1856, he continued to work, clearly having a degree of love for it, rather than a financial need. On the retiral of John Dick Peddie Kinnear went into partnership with Peddie’s son, John More Dick Peddie, placing his name to the front to create the lesser known firm of Kinnear & Peddie. They also employed Peddie’s fifth son, Walter Lockhart Dick Peddie (b.1865).[2] In 1893 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir Andrew Douglas Maclagan, Sir Arthur Mitchell, Alexander Crum Brown and A Gillies Smith.[3] Kinnear lived in a large Victorian townhouse at 12 Grosvenor Crescent in Edinburgh's West End.[4] The street was designed by Kinnear's rival, John Chesser.[5] John Menzies, the newsagent magnate was his neighbour. PhotographyIn 1856, together with David Bryce, David MacGibbon and Sir David Brewster, Kinnear was a founding member of the Photographic Society of Scotland, acting as Secretary during Brewster’s Presidency. He made a photographic study of Milan in the same year. In 1857 he contracted a Mr Bell of Potterow, Edinburgh to create a new camera, which is said to be the first use of a customised bellows, allowing complete darkness whilst comfortably adjusting the focal plane. He used this new camera on a study tour of Germany and northern France. Military careerIn 1859 he joined the First Midlothian County (Midlothian Coast) Artillery Volunteer Brigade (at that time an equivalent to today’s Territorial Army) as a junior officer. He was commissioned as a lieutenant in July 1860 and in 1861 became Captain of the Portobello battalion. After rising to become Major Kinnear, he was one of the three majors who personally financed the Regimental Headquarters on Grindlay Street in 1866. Death and legacyHe died suddenly of a heart attack after a normal day at the office in November 1894 and was buried against the north wall in the northern extension to the original Dean Cemetery. Unusually for an architect, he was given a full military funeral.[6] He is buried with his wife, Jessie Jane Maxwell (1845-1931) and three daughters. The grave lies against the northern outer wall, towards the north-west. It lies not far from his business partner, John More Dick Peddie, who lies on the southern wall of the same section. Although his estate was large, a high proportion went to pay off the debts of his brother John. His son Charles Maxwell Kinnear became a tobacco manufacturer and the younger son, Norman Boyd Kinnear, a keen ornithologist, went on to become Director of the British Museum in 1947. WorksAs part of Peddie & Kinnear, Charles’ output was huge. He is known to have contributed the historical aspect of the designs. They did many banks and churches but are best remembered in Edinburgh for Cockburn Street: a specific town planning exercise, creating a serpentine link down from the Royal Mile to improve access to Waverley Station. As Kinnear & PeddieSee.[7]
Sole Works
References1. ^Dictionary of Scottish Architects:Kinnear 2. ^Dictionary of Scottish Architects:Kinnear 3. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf}} 4. ^Edinburgh and Leith Post Office Directory 1889-90 5. ^Buildings of Scotland: Edinburgh by Gifford McWilliam and Walker 6. ^Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Kinnear 7. ^Dictionary of Scottish Architects:Kinnear & Peddie 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesouthernreporter.co.uk/news/ancrum-mausoleum-in-line-for-130-000-makeover-1-4776039|title=Ancrum mausoleum in line for £130,000 makeover|website=www.thesouthernreporter.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-12-10}}
7 : 1830 births|1894 deaths|Scottish architects|People from Edinburgh|Burials at the Dean Cemetery|Alumni of the University of Edinburgh|19th-century British architects |
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