| 词条 | Pilsner Urquell |
| 释义 |
| name = Pilsner Urquell | image = Pilsner Urquell logo.svg | caption = | brewery = Pilsner Urquell Brewery | style = Cool fermented beer | year = 1842 | last_year = | abv = }} Pilsner Urquell ({{IPA-de|ˈpɪlznɐ ˈʔuːɐ̯ˌkvɛl|IPA}}, {{lang-cs|Plzeňský prazdroj}} {{IPA-cs|ˈpl̩zɛɲskiː ˈprazdroj|IPA}}), is a Czech lager brewed by the Pilsner Urquell Brewery in Plzeň (Pilsen), Czech Republic. Pilsner Urquell is the world’s first blond or pale lager,[1] and its popularity meant it was much copied, and many of these copies are named pils, pilsner or pilsener.[2] It is hopped with Saaz hops (Czech: Žatec), named after a town in West Bohemia, a noble hop variety which is a key element in its flavour profile, as is the use of soft water and fire-brewing.[3][4] It is available in 330 ml, 355 ml and 500 ml aluminium cans and green or brown bottles. Almost all draught Pilsner Urquell is packaged in kegs and dispensed under carbon dioxide pressure but small quantities are available unpasteurised, unfiltered and naturally conditioned in cask in the Czech Republic and in very limited amounts in Germany, the United Kingdom,[5][6] the United States,[7] Sweden,[8] Hungary and Austria. Pilsner Urquell is exported in bottles and cans to North America, Australia[9] and other regions. HistoryPilsner Urquell was the first pale lager, and the pilsner name is often used in copies: pilsner. It is characterised by its golden colour and clarity, and was immensely successful: nine out of ten beers produced and consumed in the world are pale lagers based on Pilsner Urquell. The name, which can be roughly translated into English as "the original source at Pilsen", was adopted as a trademark in 1898.[10] Before 1840, the standard beer in Bohemia was warm fermented and characterized by a dark colour, turbidity, and inconsistent quality. Plzeň burghers had not found this satisfying and the Plzeň city council ordered 36 casks to be dumped.[11] They invested in a new, state-of-the art brewery, the Bürgerbrauerei (Town brewery, Měšťanský pivovar in Czech), and commissioned Josef Groll, a Bavarian brewer, to develop a better beer. On 5 October 1842, Groll had an entirely new mash ready and on 11 November 1842, the new beer was first served at the feast of Saint Martin markets.[12] Bürgerbrauerei registered Pilsner Bier B B brand in 1859.[13] In 1898, they also registered Original Pilsner Bier 1842, Plzeňský pramen, Prapramen, Měšťanské Plzeňské, Plzeňský pravý zdroj and finally Pilsner Urquell and Plzeňský Prazdroj which are in use today. Pilsner Urquell is today brewed in two breweries; in the Pilsen brewery and in Kaluga, Russia. It was brewed between 2002 and 2011 in Tychy in Poland.[14] See also
Notes and references1. ^German Beer Institute, PILS {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019092501/http://germanbeerinstitute.com/pils.html |date=19 October 2011 }} 2. ^University of Economics Prague, Brewery tour of Pilsner Urquell 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pilsner-urquell.com/html/en_gb/_2_1_3.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-10-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703122607/http://www.pilsner-urquell.com/html/en_gb/_2_1_3.html |archivedate=3 July 2007 |df=dmy-all }} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pilsner-urquell.com/html/en_gb/_2_2_2.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-10-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715083846/http://www.pilsner-urquell.com/html/en_gb/_2_2_2.html |archivedate=15 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^{{Cite news|title = Czech this out|publisher=Ben Viveur|date = 16 May 2012|url = http://benviveur.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/czech-this-out.html|accessdate = 23 May 2012}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://threehundredbeers.com/post/87515908589/pilsner-urquell|title=98. Pilsner Urquell|work=threehundredbeers.com|accessdate=28 August 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Keepers of the Craft Content|url=http://www.draftmag.com/pilsner/index.php?age=y&page=|website=Draft Magazine|accessdate=21 September 2014}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Gyllen Prag, the Czech restaurant in Gothenburg: beer|url=http://gylleneprag.se/olen/|website=Gyllene Prag|accessdate=8 September 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Pilsner Urquell|url=http://cub.com.au/beer/pilsner-urquell/|website=CUB|accessdate=28 September 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929000525/http://cub.com.au/beer/pilsner-urquell/|archivedate=29 September 2017|df=dmy-all}} 10. ^Jackson, Michael. Ultimate Beer, page 124, DK Publishing, Inc., 1998. {{ISBN|0-7894-3527-6}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Pils|url=http://www.germanbeerinstitute.com/pils.html|publisher=The German Beer Institute|accessdate=24 June 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019092501/http://germanbeerinstitute.com/pils.html|archivedate=19 October 2011|df=dmy-all}} 12. ^{{cite web|last=Řezáč|first=Jiří|title=Kdy bývá pivo Pils? (When is Pils beer?)|url=http://napoje.gastronews.cz/kdy-byva-pivo-pils|publisher=GastroNews.cz|accessdate=24 June 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718172230/http://napoje.gastronews.cz/kdy-byva-pivo-pils|archivedate=18 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} 13. ^Pilsner Urquell {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080613163917/http://www.pilsner-urquell.cz/cs/homepage/tradice/historie-pivovaru-v-datech/ |date=13 June 2008 }} 14. ^Pilsner Urquell už se v Polsku vyrábět nebude External links{{Commons category}}
6 : Beer in the Czech Republic|Beer brands of the Czech Republic|Plzeň|Purveyors to the Imperial and Royal Court|SABMiller|Food and drink companies established in 1842 |
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