| 词条 | Pinar del Río Province | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Pinar del Río Province | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = Province of Cuba | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Pinar del Rio in Cuba.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Cuba | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = Capital | seat = Pinar del Río | parts_type = Municipalities | parts_style = para | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = [1] | area_total_km2 = 8884.51 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_footnotes = [1] | population_total = 592851 | population_as_of = 2010-12-31 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = EST | utc_offset1 = −5 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = +53-48 | iso_code = | website = www.Pinar.cu | footnotes = }} Pinar del Río (formerly Nuevas Filipinas)[2] is one of the provinces of Cuba. It is at the western end of the island of Cuba. GeographyThe Pinar del Río province is Cuba's westernmost province and contains one of Cuba's three main mountain ranges, the Cordillera de Guaniguanico, divided into the easterly Sierra del Rosario and the westerly Sierra de los Órganos. These form a landscape characterised by steep sided limestone hills (called mogotes) and flat, fertile valleys. One such topographic feature, the Viñales Valley, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The northern coast opens to the great Gulf of Mexico, and is lined by the Colorados Archipelago, a string of cays and isles developed on a reef barrier. The westernmost point of Cuba, Cabo San Antonio, is located on the Guanahacabibes Peninsula, which is a National Park and a Biosphere Reserve. HistoryThe city and province was founded by the Spanish as Nueva Filipinas (New Philippines) due to the huge influx of Filipinos who arrived from the Manila Galleons. They brought with them tamarind (also known as sampaloc), camisa de chinos, and arroz caldo (also known as arroz caldoso) Known as Chinos Manila among the local population, the Filipinos worked the huge tobacco plantations much like how they did in the present provinces of Ilocos Sur, Tarlac, Ilocos Norte, Cagayan and Isabela in their home country. During that time, the Spanish colonizers had a virtual monopoly of the tobacco trade through their company, the Tabacalera. The world-renowned La Flor de Isabela cigars (named after Queen Isabella II) were first cultivated in the Philippines in the Hacienda San Fernando, Hacienda Isabel, Hacienda Antonio and the Hacienda Luisita (all of these haciendas were later purchased by the Tabacalera or the {{Lang|es|Compania general de Tabacos de Filipinas sociedad anonima}}). After Mexico declared independence, the trade of the Manila Galleons was broken. The Tabacalera shifted the cultivation of these cigars to Cuba since the Philippines was too far to govern without Mexico in between. The Isabela cigars achieved much fame due in part because of the American's appetite for cigars when Havana was a Las Vegas-style playground before the tenure of President Fidel Castro. Nueva Filipinas was renamed Pinar del Río in 1774 at the same time that the old colonial capital of Guane lost its superiority. Afterwards, some Filipinos moved to Havana's big Barrio Chino or Chinatown. Others jumped ship to Louisiana. Others sailed back to Sinaloa and Jalisco in Mexico. Those with money went to Spain or back to Manila (and brought with them Escabeche a la Cubana which is a favorite dish to all Filipinos which they almost always serve using fish). The rest intermarried with the Cuban population. Those who stayed quickly lost their Filipino ties since many among the Filipinos were like the local Cubans. They can spoke Spanish, they were Catholic and they had to pay taxes or tributos. Back in the Philippines, entire provinces were assigned to grow tobacco and nothing more. Those caught stealing a single leaf of tobacco or caught growing the food staple, rice, were hit with sugarcane or sentenced to death by garrote). Nonetheless, their children survive to this day. That is why there are Filipino or Chinese-Filipino sounding surnames in Cuba, such as Tampico, Magalan (from Magalang or to show respect), Batunbacal (from Batungbakal), Maquilin, Sumayao (to dance), Parian, Mabolo, Pilapil, Alimoron (from Alimurung), Nacpil, Gotiaco, Piat, Singson or Singzon, Tuason or Tuazon, Hizon or Hison, Dizon or Dison, Hinojosa or Hinohosa, Gandionco, Quiambao, Salambao, Puyat, Edralin, et al. Important Cuban-Filipinos include the Azcarraga Fessner family, whose patriarch was Marcelo de Azcarraga y Palmero, the first Prime Minister of Spain with Indian blood, whose mother was a Filipina from the Lizarrabal and Palmero families. [3]Pinar del Río was one of the last major cities in Cuba founded by the Spanish. EconomyThe province relies on tobacco farming, with Pinar del Río producing 70% of Cuba's crop, use to make the cigars that are so prized overseas. The best tobacco, used for more expensive cigar brands, is grown in the flat lands of San Juan y Martínez. TourismTourism is also an important part of the province's economy. Though the town of Pinar del Río (the provincial capital) has some places of cultural and historical interest (such as the Cathedral of San Rosendo, a 19th-century construction), most attractions are to be found in rural or natural settings. A major destination is the Viñales Valley, a karstic depression located in the Sierra de los Organos, north of the town of Viñales. Designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1999 because of its natural beauty and the traditional agricultural techniques which continue to be used in the cultivation of tobacco and other crops there, the valley is a popular hiking and rock climbing location. Many of the valley's surrounding hills are dotted with caves which may be explored by visitors and spelunking has become another popular activity in the province (a particularly interesting cave is the Cueva de los Portales, beside the Río Caiguanabo, where Che Guevara set up his staff headquarters and dormitory as commander of the Western Army during the Cuban Missile Crisis). Accommodations in and near Viñales have also grown in number in response to growing tourism in the region. In addition to casas particulares (licensed bed and breakfasts in private residences), there a number of hotels some kilometers from the town, such as "La Ermita"[4] and Rancho Horizontes San Vicente.[5] Another major tourist destination in the province was Las Terrazas, a unique model village located 20 kilometer northeast of Soroa and, from 2011, part of the new Artemisa Province. Surrounded by mountains, the village was founded in 1971 as part of rural development and reforestation project which spans {{convert|5000|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}. As in other parts of the province, there are several hiking trails which weave through the surrounding mountains. Some companies offer guided hiking tours on a daily basis (in some areas, in fact, a guide is mandatory). With around 30 diving sites, Pinar del Río is also considered one of Cuba's premier scuba diving destinations. Cayo Levisa,[6] about two kilometers offshore, is known for its copious black coral and excursions to this cay are afforded by tour agencies based in the province. Another hugely popular location is María la Gorda beach,[7] which boasts many nearby dive sites (as close as {{convert|200|m|yd|abbr=on}} from the beach). An increasing number of tourists also visit the San Diego hot springs, in search of the health benefits reportedly afforded by the warm sulfur-rich waters there. An additional spectrum of health-related services has also become available at this spa, including massages and mud baths. Municipalities
Until 2011 the municipalities of Bahía Honda, Candelaria and San Cristóbal were part of the province. After the split of La Habana Province into the new provinces of Artemisa and Mayabeque, the three municipios joined Artemisa. Notable people
DemographicsIn 2010, the province of Pinar del Río had a population of 592,042.[8] With a total area of {{convert|8884|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}},[10] the province had a population density of {{convert|67.0|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}}. References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Lugar que ocupa el territorio según la superficie y la población|url=http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/08informacion/2010unamiradaacuba/03Cuba.pdf|work=Una MIRADA a Cuba|publisher=Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. Cuba |language=es |year=2010}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Van Norman|first1=William C.|title=Shade grown slavery: life and labor on coffee plantations in western Cuba, 1790-1845|date=2005|publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|page=114|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=o9iwU4-CJMaE8gWhsYCAAw&id=2W64AAAAIAAJ&dq=Pinar+del+R%C3%ADo+Province+nuevas+filipinas&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+nuevas+filipinas|accessdate=30 June 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.frommers.com/destinations/pinardelrio/3177010001.html| title = Introduction to Pinar del Rio | author = Frommer's | authorlink = Frommer's| accessdate = 2007-02-12}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hotel-la-ermita-cuba.com |title=Hotel La Ermita, Cuba |publisher=Hotel La Ermita, Cuba |date=2013-12-01 |accessdate=2013-12-09}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cubahotelreservation.com/hotel.asp?hotel_code=SCTHORRSvicente |title=Hotel Rancho San Vicente, Vinales, Cuba |publisher=Cubahotelreservation.com |date= |accessdate=2013-12-09}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hicuba.com/cayo-levisa.htm |title=Cayo Levisa - Cayo Jutias |publisher=Hicuba.com |date= |accessdate=2013-12-09}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hotelmarialagorda-cuba.com/ |title=Hotel María la Gorda Pinar del Río, Cuba |publisher=Hotelmarialagorda-cuba.com |date= |accessdate=2013-12-09}} 8. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA%20No_3balance.htm| title=2004 Population trends, by Province and Municipality| author= Atenas.cu| year= 2004| accessdate=2007-10-06 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927111826/http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA+No_3balance.htm |archivedate = 2007-09-27|language=es}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/ycu.html|title=Municipios of Cuba|author=Statoids|date=July 2003| accessdate=2007-10-06}} 10. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.cubagob.cu/otras_info/censo/tablas_html/ii_4.htm| title=Population by Province| author= Government of Cuba| year= 2002| accessdate=2007-10-02|language=es}} External links{{commons category|Pinar del Río Province}}
2 : Pinar del Río Province|Provinces of Cuba |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。