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词条 Pininfarina
释义

  1. History

      The days as a specialist coachbuilder    After World War II    The Ferrari partnership   The move to large-scale manufacturing   The second generation of leadership   Change of corporate name to Pininfarina   Modernizing for a new world    New infrastructure and expansion    New economic realities    29 April 2008    31 December 2008    24 March 2009    4 January 2011   14 February 2012   15 February 2012    16 May 2012    26 March 2013    Acquisition by Mahindra group (2015–present)  

  2. Corporate Governance (2016)

  3. The end of car production operations

      Grugliasco factory    San Giorgio plant    Bairo Canavese    Uddevalla, Sweden Pininfarina Sverige AB  

  4. Notable designers

  5. Vehicles

      Past production    Notable car designs    Pre World War II    Concept cars, Prototypes and Individual commissions    Production Cars Designed by Pininfarina    Electric propulsion    Automobili Pininfarina Battista  

  6. Other vehicles

     Nautical design  Mass transport 

  7. Other works

  8. Subsidiaries

  9. See also

  10. References

  11. External links

{{About|the Italian design house and coachbuilder|the automaker and sister company|Automobili Pininfarina|the person|Pinin Farina|other uses}}{{Infobox company
| name = Pininfarina S.p.A.
| logo =
| caption =
| trading_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| type = Società per Azioni
| traded_as = {{ISE|IT0003056386|PINF}}
| industry = Automotive and Design
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = Turin, Italy ({{Start date|1930|05|23}})
| founder = Battista Farina
| defunct =
| location_city = Cambiano
| location_country = Italy
| locations =
| area_served =
| key_people = {{unbulleted list| Paolo Pininfarina, Chairman| Silvio Pietro Angori, CEO| Gianfranco Albertini, CFO }}
| products =
| production =
| services = Automotive design
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income = €20.5 million (2016)[1]
| assets =
| equity =
| owner =
| num_employees = 578 (2016)[1]
| divisions =
| parent = Mahindra Group (76.06%)
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.pininfarina.com}}
| footnotes =
| intl =
}}Pininfarina S.p.A. (short for Carrozzeria Pininfarina) is an Italian car design firm and coachbuilder, with headquarters in Cambiano, (Metropolitan City of Turin), Italy. It was founded by Battista "Pinin" Farina in 1930. On 14 December 2015, Mahindra Group acquired Pininfarina S.p.A. for about €168 million.[2]

Pininfarina is employed by a wide variety of automobile manufacturers to design vehicles. These firms have included long-established customers such as Ferrari, Alfa Romeo, Peugeot, Fiat, GM, Lancia, and Maserati, to emerging companies in the Asian market with Chinese manufactures like AviChina, Chery, Changfeng, Brilliance, and JAC and Korean manufacturers Daewoo and Hyundai.

Since the 1980s Pininfarina has also designed high-speed trains, buses, trams, rolling stocks, automated light rail cars, people movers, yachts, airplanes, and private jets. With the 1986 creation of "Pininfarina Extra" it has consulted on industrial design, interior design, architecture, and graphic design.

Pininfarina was run by Battista's son Sergio Pininfarina until 2001, then his grandson Andrea Pininfarina until his death in 2008. After Andrea's death, his younger brother Paolo Pininfarina was appointed as CEO.[3]

At its height in 2006 the Pininfarina Group employed 2,768 with subsidiary company offices throughout Europe, as well as in Morocco and the United States. As of 2012 with the end of series automotive production, employment has shrunk to 821. Pininfarina is registered and publicly traded on the Borsa Italiana (Milan Stock Exchange).

History

{{Recentism|date=June 2010}}

The days as a specialist coachbuilder

When automobile designer and builder Battista "Pinin" Farina broke away from his brother's coach building firm, Stabilimenti Farina, in 1928, he founded "Carrozzeria Pinin Farina" with financial help from his wife's family and Vincenzo Lancia. That first year the firm employed eighteen and built 50 automobile bodies.[4]

On 22 May 1930 papers were filed to become a corporation, Società anonima Carrozzeria Pinin Farina headquartered in Turin, Italy, at 107 Corso Trapani.[5][6]

During the 1930s, the company built bodies for Lancia, Alfa Romeo, Isotta Fraschini, Hispano-Suiza, Fiat, Cadillac, and Rolls-Royce.[7] With its close relationship with Lancia, the pioneer of the monocoque in automobile design, Farina became the first coachbuilder to build bodies for the new technique also known as unibody construction. This development happened in the mid-1930s when others saw the frameless construction as the end of the independent coachbuilder.[8]

In 1939, World War II ended automobile production, but the company had 400 employees building 150 bodies a month. The war effort against the Allies brought work making ambulances and searchlight carriages.[4] The Pinin Farina factory was destroyed by Allied bombers ending the firm's operations.[9]

After World War II

After the war, Italy was banned from the 1946 Paris Motor Show. The Paris show was attended by 809,000 visitors (twice the pre-war figure), queues stretched from the main gate all the way to the Seine.[10] Pinin Farina and his son Sergio, determined to defy the ban, drove two of their cars (an Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 S and a Lancia Aprilia cabriolet) from Turin to Paris, and found a place at the entrance to the exhibition to display the two new creations. The managers of the Grand Palais said of the display, "the devil Pinin Farina", but to the press and the public it was the successful "Turin coachbuilder's anti-salon".[11]

At the end of 1945 the Cisitalia 202 Coupé was designed. An elegantly proportioned design with a low hood, it is the car that usually is given credit for establishing Pinin Farina's reputation.[12] The Pinin Farina design was honored in the Museum of Modern Art's landmark presentation "Eight Automobiles" in 1951.[13] A total of 170 Coupés were produced by Pinin Farina.

The publicity of the Museum of Modern Art exhibit brought Pinin Farina to the attention of Nash-Kelvinator managers.[4] The subsequent cooperation with Nash Motors resulted in high-volume production of Pinin Farina designs and provided a major entry into the United States market. In 1952, Farina visited the U.S. for the unveiling of his design for the Nash Ambassador and Statesman lines, which, although they did carry some details of Pinin Farina's design, were largely designed by Nash's then-new in-house styling staff when the original Farina-designed model proved unsuited to American tastes, exhibiting a popular 1950s appearance called "ponton". The Nash-Healey sports car body was, however, completely designed and assembled in limited numbers from 1952 to 1954 at Pinin Farina's Turin facilities. Nash heavily advertised its link to the famous Italian designer, much as Studebaker promoted its longtime association with Raymond Loewy. As a result of Nash's million advertising campaign, Pinin Farina became well known in the U.S.[4]

Pinin Farina also built the bodies for the limited-series Cadillac Eldorado Brougham for General Motors in 1959 and 1960, assembled them and sent them back to the U.S. There were 99 Broughams built in 1959 and 101 in 1960. A similar arrangement was repeated in the late 1980s when Pininfarina designed (and partially assembled) the Cadillac Allanté at the San Giusto Canavese factory. The car bodies were assembled and painted in Italy before being flown from the Turin International Airport to Detroit for final vehicle assembly.

The Ferrari partnership

It started in 1951 with a meeting at a restaurant in Tortona, a small town halfway between Turin and Modena. This neutral territory was chosen because neither Farina nor Enzo Ferrari wanted to meet at the other's headquarters. Pinin’s son, Sergio Pininfarina recalled, "It is not difficult to imagine how I felt that afternoon when my father, without taking his eyes off the road for one moment told me his decision as we drove back to Turin: "From now on you'll be looking after Ferrari, from A to Z. Design, engineering, technology, construction—the lot!"—I was over the moon with happiness." "[14]

Since that meeting the only road-going production Ferraris not designed by Pininfarina are the 1973 Dino 308 GT4 and 2013's LaFerrari.[15] Their relationship was so close that Pininfarina became a partner of Ferrari in "Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC", the organization that ran Ferrari's race team from 1961–1989,[16] Pinin was a vice president of Ferrari,[17] and Sergio later sat on Ferrari's board of directors.[18]

Ferrari does not sell new cars by Pininfarina in 2018. The last penned by Pininfarina was the Ferrari F12berlinetta which was produced 2012–17.

The move to large-scale manufacturing

In 1954 to 1955 Pinin Farina purchased land in Grugliasco, outside of Turin, for a new factory. "The factory in no way would look like the one of Corso Trapani. It would be a car no longer on my measurements but on those of my children, built looking like them; I had this in mind and wanted it," said Farina.

Around the same time, Alfa Romeo accepted Pininfarina's design over Bertone for the new Giulietta Spider. The Alfa was the first vehicle that Pinin Farina produced in large numbers, in fact Alfa Romeo chose Pinin Farina to produce the Spider in large part because they felt confident that they could produce 20 cars a day for a run of 1,000 bodies. The Spider was a huge success for Alfa Romeo and Pinin Farina. Max Hoffman the importer for the United States said he could sell as many as they could make. In 1956, the first year of production, they produced 1025 units which then expanded to over 4,000 in 1959 the first full year of the new Grugliasco factory.[19]

The second generation of leadership

Starting with the planning for the new plant in Grugliasco in 1956, Pinin started to groom his replacements–Sergio his son and Renzo Carli his son-in-law. To his heirs apparent, Pinin said of the Corso Trapani facility "This old plant has reached the limits of its growth. It has no room for expansion and is far from being up to date. If I were alone I'd leave it as it is. But I want you to decide which way to go–to stay as we are or to enlarge. Either way is fine with me. It's your decision to make and I don't want to know what it is. I'm finished and it's your time to take over. The future is absolutely up to you."[8] In 1958, upon leaving for a world tour Pinin added "In my family we inherit our legacies from live people–not from the dead."[8][20]

Change of corporate name to Pininfarina

1961 at the age of 68, “Pinin” Farina formally turns his firm over to his son Sergio and his son-in-law, Renzo

Carli, it was the same year that the President of Italy formally authorized the change of Farina’s last name to Pininfarina and the business took on the same name.

Pininfarina was run by Battista's grandson Andrea Pininfarina from 2001 until his death in 2008. Andrea's younger brother Paolo Pininfarina was then appointed as successor.[3]

Modernizing for a new world

Starting in the mid-1960s, Pininfarina started to make investments in the science of automotive design, a strategy to differentiate itself from the other Italian coachbuilders.

In 1966, Pininfarina opened the Studies and Research Centre (Studi e Ricerche) in Grugliasco. The research centre occupied 8,000 sq. metres (2 acres) and employed 180 technicians capable of producing 25 prototypes a year.[21]

The Calculation and Design Centre was set up in 1967, the first step in a process of technological evolution which, during the 1970s, would take Pininfarina into the lead in automated bodywork design.[22]

Then in 1972 construction of a full-sized wind tunnel was completed. The project was started in 1966. When it opened, it not only was the first wind tunnel with the ability to test full-sized cars in Italy, but also one of the first in the world with this ability.[22] To put this foresight in perspective, GM's full-sized wind tunnel didn't open until 1980.[23]

New infrastructure and expansion

The 1980s started a period of expansion for Pininfarina.

In 1982 the company opened “Pininfarina Studi e Ricerche" in Cambiano. It was separate from the factory and wind tunnel in Grugliasco, to keep design and research activities independent from manufacturing. On 14 October 2002, Pininfarina inaugurated a new engineering centre. The new facility, which was built at the Cambiano campus, to give greater visibility and independence to the engineering operations.

In 1983 Pininfarina reached an agreement with General Motors to design and build the Cadillac Allanté. The Allanté project led to the building of the San Giorgio factory in 1985.[24]

In 1996, Mitsubishi entered into talks for Pininfarina build their new compact SUV, the Pajero, in Italy. While Mitsubishi recognized Pininfarina's expertise in design and engineering, the reason for choosing them was that manufacturing costs were half of those in Germany.[25] After entering into an agreement in 1996, Pininfarina purchased an industrial site at Bairo Canavese near Turin, Italy. in April 1997, Bairo Canavese was dedicated to the production of the new Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin.

Pininfarina Sverige AB in Uddevalla, Sweden, was established in 2003 as a joint venture (JV) between Volvo Cars and Pininfarina to produce a new Volvo convertible that will be sold in Europe and the United States. The JV is owned 60% by Pininfarina and 40% by Volvo.[26] The C70 model designed by Volvo's John Kinsey—was launched on 13 April 2006, sharing the Volvo P1 platform used in the S40.

New economic realities

In April 2008, after three years of serious losses totaling 115 million euros at the end of 2007,[27] Pininfarina made the first of several moves to raise capital and restructure its enormous debt:

29 April 2008

Pininfarina announced Piero Ferrari, Alberto Bombassei (chairman of Brembo), and the Marsiaj family (founders of the Sabelt seatbelt company), will join with Vincent Bolloré, a French financier, and Ratan Tata, head of India's Tata Group conglomerate, who already announced their plans to invest. The five would together invest million. Funding would come through the sale of stock to other investors. The Pininfarina family was willing to reduce its share from 55% to 30%, which would still be enough to secure a controlling interest.[28]

31 December 2008

On 31 December 2008, Pininfarina announced a debt restructuring that would require the family to sell its stake in the company. The agreement was made after Pininfarina's value dropped 67 per cent during 2008, and it then had a market capitalization of about €36 million. It had total debts of €598 million at the end of November. Of that amount, €555 million was the subject of the debt restructuring agreement that was agreed on with a consortium of banks.[29]

24 March 2009

Pincar, Pininfarina's family holding company, announced it has hired investment bank Leonardo & Co. to find a buyer for its 50.6% stake in Pininfarina per the debt restructuring agreement reached in December.[30]

4 January 2011

Pininfarina released a statement saying that it is still gathering "possible offers from potential buyers," adding it would release more information when it was appropriate.

Company sources added, the family will not sell its entire 50.7% stake but that Pincar would no longer be a majority shareholder.[31]{{Failed verification|date=May 2013}}

14 February 2012

An agreement with creditor banks including Intesa Sanpaolo, UniCredit, Mediobanca and Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena to restructure net debt of 76 million euros is on track and will be reached in the coming months, said three sources close to the situation. "The debt situation is stable and the talks are not contentious, so there is no hurry," said one of the sources, speaking on condition anonymity. "The agreement will fix the capital structure for the foreseeable future."

When finalised, the debt accord will give control of the family's 77 % stake to its creditor banks, ending the Pininfarina family's ownership.

The deal will close a chapter that began in 2008 when the banks swapped 180 million euros in debt in exchange for a promise of proceeds from a future sale of part of the Pininfarina's family stake.

But no takers materialised. Potential buyers were not willing to acquire a design company when they can easily contract its services, said one of the people familiar with the situation.[32]

15 February 2012

In a statement released on 15 February, the Cambiano-based company, which owes over million to a number of Italian banks, said its debt repayment date has been extended to 2018, from 2015.

The agreement, which will be signed in the next few weeks, will also see the company take advantage of interest rates “significantly lower than [current] market rates”. With the new debt restructuring deal with its creditors Pininfarina will remain under the control of the Pininfarina family.[33]

16 May 2012

Automotive News reported Pininfarina projects will be profitable in 2012, thanks in part to debt restructuring. The Italian design studio hasn't be in profit in eight years, but signed a deal in April to restructure million in debt. The move effectively stretched the studio's repayment deadline from 2015 to 2018. At the same time, Pininfarina announced it will likely see an operating loss this year, but a one-time gain of million will result in the net profit. The preceding year, the company lost million in the first quarter, though that figure has dropped to just under million during Q1 2012.

Pininfarina also saw its net revenue increase by million.[34]

26 March 2013

Pininfarina in the black for first time since 2004 Italian design house Pininfarina predicted last May that it would face an operating loss for 2012 but still come out with a net profit. Both predictions came true: the company is reporting an operating loss of 8.2 million euros and a net profit of 32.9 million euros.

According to Reuters, the good news came because of a debt restructuring arranged the preceding year that gave the company three more years to repay its million in debt, and a one-time gain of approximately 45 million euros. It is the company's first profit since 2004.[35]

Acquisition by Mahindra group (2015–present)

Mahindra Group, owner of Indian automobile company Mahindra & Mahindra agreed to buy Italian car designer Pininfarina SpA in a deal worth about 168 million euros.[2]

Mahindra group, together with affiliate Tech Mahindra, have 76 % stake from holding company Pincar for 25.3 million euros. The Indian company will offer the same price for the remaining stock. In addition to buying stock, Mahindra will invest 20 million euros in Pininfarina and provide a guarantee to creditors of 114.5 million euros.

Corporate Governance (2016)

  • President: Paolo Pininfarina
  • CEO - General Manager: Silvio Pietro Angori
  • Board of Directors: Gianfranco Albertini, Edoardo Garrone, Romina Guglielmetti, Licia Mattioli, Enrico Paraffini, Carlo Pavesio, Roberto Testore.
  • Statutory Auditors: Nicola Treves (president), Margherita Spaini, Giovanni Rayneri.

The end of car production operations

On December 10, 2011 Pininfarina announced it would end all automotive production. In truth production ended in November 2010 with the conclusion of the contract to produce the Alfa Romeo Brera and Spider at the San Giorgio plant.[36]

Grugliasco factory

Opened in 1958 with nearly 1,000 employees, by 1960 output exceeded 11,000 car bodies.[37] In 2009 Pininfarina sold the factory to Finpiemonte, the public finance of the Piedmont Region, at the price of 14.4 million euro. Finpiemonte, as part of the deal, leases the plant to Gian Mario Rossignol at a rent of per year for six years renewable.[38]

The Grugliasco sale did not include an adjacent structure that houses the wind tunnel.[39]

San Giorgio plant

Opened in 1986 to build Cadillac Allante bodies for General Motors,[40] the same year Pininfarina was first listed on the Stock Exchange in Milan. Automotive production ended at San Giorgio with the conclusion of the Ford production in July 2010, and Alfa Romeo production in November 2010.[39]

Following the end of contract manufacturing activities San Giorgio Canavese is being used for production of spare parts for cars manufactured in the past.[41]

Bairo Canavese

Pininfarina opened its third manufacturing plant in 1997. Currently Pininfarina leases the plant and 57 employees to the Cecomp Group. This agreement to produce 4,000 electric Bolloré Bluecars runs from 1 April 2011 to 31 December 2013.[41] On 13 September 2013 a new lease agreement was announced, this new agreement will run from 1 January 2014 until the end of 2016.[42]

Uddevalla, Sweden Pininfarina Sverige AB

A joint venture between Pininfarina S.p.A. and Volvo Car Corporation began in 2003. Volvo and Pininfarina S.p.A. have agreed upon the termination of the joint venture agreement regarding Pininfarina Sverige AB and its operations in Uddevalla, Sweden. As of 31 December 2011 the termination this agreement would result in a 30 million euros fee paid to Pininfarina.[41]

On 25 June 2013 the last Volvo C70 was produced and the Uddevalla assembly plant was closed.[43]

Notable designers

Although Pininfarina rarely gave credit to individuals,[44] that policy seems to have changed in recent years[45] and many of the designers of the past have become known. As of 2016 Pininfarina employs 98 people in their design department,[46] that is down from 185 in 2005.[47]

  • Franco Scaglione 1951, designer for two months before he left for what is now known as Gruppo Bertone[48]
  • {{ill|Franco Martinengo|it}}1952–72, Director of the Centro Stile[49]
  • Adriano Rabbone 1950s, Ferrari Inter, Lancia B24, Nash-Healey Pininfarina[50]
  • Francesco Salomone 1940s-1960s Chief Designer and Head of Studio. Lancia B24, Ferrari 275 GTB[49]
  • Aldo Brovarone 1954–74, Designer; 1974–88, Managing Director Studi e Ricerche[51]
  • Tom Tjaarda 1961–65, Designer.
  • Filippo Sapino 1967–69; Abarth 2000, Ferrari 512S concept, Ferrari 365 GTC/4.[45][52]
  • Paolo Martin 1968–72, Chief of the Styling Department; Ferrari Modulo
  • Diego Ottina 1970—; Ferrari Pinin, Ferrari Testarossa, Alfa Romeo Vivace Coupe and Spider.[53][54][55]
  • Lorenzo Ramaciotti 1973-2005 deputy director of Pininfarina Studi e Ricerche, Director General and Chief Designer, CEO of Pininfarina SpA Research and Development
  • Guido Campoli 1970s-1980s; Ferrari Testarossa[56]
  • Ian Cameron 1975–1981; Ferrari Testarossa (1985)[57][58]
  • Enrico Fumia 1976–91; 1982: Manager at Pininfarina R&D - Models and Prototypes Development; 1988: Manager at Pininfarina R&D - Design and Development; 1989: Deputy General Manager at Pininfarina R&D
  • Emanuele Nicosia 1977–85; Ferrari Testarossa
  • Elvio d'Aprile 1982–1995; Ferrari 550 Maranello[59]
  • {{ill|Pietro Camardella|it}} 1984–93; Ferrari F40, 512 TR, F50, Mythos, 456 GT
  • Marco Tencone 1988-1992[60][61]
  • Leonardo Fioravanti 1988–91, Managing Director and CEO of Pininfarina Studi e Ricerche.
  • Maurizio Corbi 1989—present Senior Designer. Ferrari F50, F355, 550 Maranello[62][63]
  • Davide Arcangeli 1990s; Peugeot 406 Coupe, Honda Argento Vivo.[64][65][66]
  • Jeremy Malick 2000–2002, Designer; 2009—2016, Senior Designer[67]
  • Dimitri Vicedomini 2001–2012, Senior Car Designer[68]
  • Jason Castriota 2001–2008; Ferrari P4/5 by Pininfarina, Maserati GranTurismo.
  • Ken Okuyama 2004–2006, Creative Director
  • Luca Borgogno 2005—2015 Lead Designer, Ferrari Sergio, Sp03, New Stratos.[69]
  • Nazzareno Epifani 2006—present, Head of Exterior Design. Pininfarina Sintesi, Alfa Romeo 2uettottanta, Ferrari 458 Spider, Pininfarina Cambiano, Ferrari SP12 EC, Hybrid Kinetik H600[70]
  • Lowie Vermeersch 2007–10, Design Director.
  • Brano Mauks 2007—2014, Senior Designer. Ferrari Sergio.[71][72]
  • Carlo Palazzani 2005—2014, Lead Designer;Ferrari 458 Spider [73]
  • Felix Kilbertus 2011—2014, Lead Designer[74][75]
  • Fabio Filippini 2011—2017, Vice President Design and Chief Creative Officer[76]
  • Carlo Bonzanigo 2017—present, Director of Design, 1995-2004 Design Project Manager. Maserati GranTurismo, Citroën Osée Concept, Ford Start Concept[77][76]

Vehicles

Pininfarina designs, manufactures, assembles, and tests prototypes and production vehicles under contract for other automakers.

Past production

As of 10 December 2011 Pininfarina announced it would end all mass automotive production with the sale of its 40% stake in the Uddevalla, Sweden plant to Volvo in 2013. In the past Pininfarina has produced both cars and car-bodies under contract from other automakers. This production includes Pininfarina-designed cars and vehicles designed by others.

A sortable list of complete cars or car bodies manufactured in one of the five Pininfarina factories:

YearsModelFactoryQuantity
1946–1949 Maserati A6 1500 Turismo 107 Corso Trapani 58[78]
1947–1952 Cisitalia 202 107 Corso Trapani 170
1947–1951 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Super Cabriolet 107 Corso Trapani 64[79]
1948–1951 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Super Sport Cabriolet 107 Corso Trapani 25-30[80]
1948 Maserati A6 1500 Spider 107 Corso Trapani 2[81]
1950–1952 Lancia Aurelia B50 Cabriolet 107 Corso Trapani 265
1950–1958 Lancia Aurelia B20 Coupé 107 Corso Trapani 2,640[82]
1952 Alfa Romeo 1900 C Cabriolet 107 Corso Trapani 88[83]
1952–1953 Alfa Romeo 1900 C Coupé 107 Corso Trapani 100[84]
1952–1953 Ferrari 212 Inter cabriolet 107 Corso Trapani 2[85]
1952–1953 Ferrari 212 Inter coupé 107 Corso Trapani 11[85]
1952–1953 Lancia D20 coupé 107 Corso Trapani 7[86]
1952–1954 Nash-Healey 107 Corso Trapani 402[87]
1953 Ferrari 375 MM Spider 107 Corso Trapani 15[88]
1953 Lancia D23 Spyder 107 Corso Trapani 4 (re-bodied D20s)[86][89]
1953-1954 Lancia D24 Spyder 107 Corso Trapani 6[86][90]
1954-1955 Ferrari 250 Europa GT Coupe 107 Corso Trapani 28[91]
1954–1957 Fiat 1100 TV Coupé 107 Corso Trapani 126[92]
1954–1955 Lancia Aurelia B24 Spider America 107 Corso Trapani 240
1954 Lancia D25 Spyder 107 Corso Trapani 4 (re-bodied D24s)[86][93]
1954 Maserati A6 GCS/53 Berlinetta 107 Corso Trapani 4[94]
1956 Lancia Aurelia B24 Spider 107 Corso Trapani 521
1956–1958 Alfa Romeo Giulietta Spider 107 Corso Trapani 5,493[95]
1957–1959 Lancia Appia Pininfarina Coupe 2 +2 Series II – 302
1958–1960 Ferrari 250 GT Coupe Pininfarina Grugliasco 335
1959–1962 Alfa Romeo Giulietta Spider Grugliasco 11,503[96]
1959–1960 Cadillac Eldorado Brougham Grugliasco 200
1959–1967 Lancia Flaminia Coupé Grugliasco 5,236[97]
1960–1963 Ferrari 250 GTE 2+2 Grugliasco 955 including prototypes[98]
1961–1968 Peugeot 404 Coupé and Cabriolet Grugliasco 17,223 ( 10,389 Cabriolets, 6,834 Coupés)
1962–1971 Lancia Flavia Coupé Grugliasco 26,084[99]
1962–1965 Alfa Romeo Giulia 1600 Spider Grugliasco 10,336[100]
1963 Ferrari 330 America Grugliasco 50[101]
1964-1967 Ferrari 330 GT 2+2 Grugliasco 1080[102]
1966–1968 Alfa Romeo Giulia Spider Duetto 1600 Spider Grugliasco 6,322[103]
1966-1968 Ferrari 330 GTC Grugliasco 604[104]
1966-1968 Ferrari 330 GTS Grugliasco 100[105]
1966–1985 Fiat 124 Sport Spider Grugliasco 198,120[106]
1966–1972 Fiat Dino Spider Grugliasco 1,583[107]
1967 Ferrari 330 GTC Coupe Speciale Grugliasco 3[108]
1968–1972 Alfa Romeo Giulia Spider 1300 and 1600 Junior Grugliasco 4,913[109]
1968–1972 Alfa Romeo 1750 Spider Veloce Grugliasco 8,920[110]
1969–1983 Peugeot 504 Coupé Grugliasco 22,975[111]
1969–1983 Peugeot 504 Cabriolet Grugliasco 8,191[111]
1971–1972 Ferrari 365 GTC/4 Grugliasco 505[112]
1971–1975 Lancia 2000 Coupé Grugliasco –
1971–1976 Fiat 130 Coupé Grugliasco 4,491[133]
1974–1981 Lancia Beta Montecarlo Cabrio Grugliasco 4,375
1975–1981 Lancia Beta Montecarlo Coupé Grugliasco 3,203
1976–1984 Lancia Gamma Coupé Grugliasco 6,790[133]
1976–1985 Ferrari 400 Grugliasco 1,808
1981–1984 Lancia Beta Coupé HPE Grugliasco 18.917[113]
1981 Lancia 037 Grugliasco 220
1981–1985 Peugeot Talbot Samba Cabriolet Grugliasco 13,062[114]
1981–1986 Fiat Campagnola Grugliasco 15,198[113]
1984–1993 Ferrari Testarossa Grugliasco / San Giorgio[115] -
1984–1986 Alfa Romeo 33 Giardinetta Grugliasco 12,238
1984–1993 Peugeot 205 Cabriolet Grugliasco 72,125[116]
1985–1989 Ferrari 412 & 412 GT Grugliasco 576
1986–1993 Cadillac Allanté San Giorgio Canavese 21,430
1992–1996 Ferrari 456 GT – 3289[117]
1993–2000 Fiat Coupé – 72,762
1993–2002 Peugeot 306 Cabriolet San Giorgio Canavese 77,824[113]
1996–1999 Bentley Azure Mark I Convertible – 895[113]
1996–2000 Lancia Kappa SW – 9,208
1996–2004 Peugeot 406 Coupé San Giorgio Canavese 107,633[113]
1999–2005 Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin Bairo Canavese and Grugliasco 68,555[118]
2000–2004 Alfa Romeo GTV & Spider 916 series San Giorgio Canavese 15,788[113]
2002 Pininfarina Argento Vivo – 4–5
2002–2005 Ford Streetka Bairo Canavese 37,076[119]
2005 Ferrari P4/5 by Pininfarina – 1
2005–2010 Alfa Romeo Brera San Giorgio Canavese 21,786
2006–2010 Alfa Romeo Spider San Giorgio Canavese 12,488
2006–2010 Ford Focus Coupé Cabriolet Bairo Canavese 36,374[120]
2006–2013 Volvo C70 II Uddevalla, Sweden –
2006–2008 Mitsubishi Colt CZC Bairo Canavese 16,695

Notable car designs

{{stack|
}}

Pre World War II

Before the war Pininfarina built car bodies mostly for individual customers, many of the bodies were "one offs" and not mass-produced.

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
  • 1931 Lancia Dilambda - the first official Pinin Farina special, presented at the Concours d’Elegance at Villa d’Este[121]
  • 1931 Hispano-Suiza Coupé
  • 1931 Cadillac V16 Roadster - for the Maharajah of Orccha
  • 1932 Fiat 518 Ardita[122]
  • 1933 Alfa Romeo 8C 2300
  • 1934 Alfa Rome 6C 2300 B Cabriolet[123]
  • 1936 Lancia Astura Cabriolet tipo Bocca - a series of six cars made for the Bocca brothers, Lancia dealers in Biella, Italy.[124]
  • 1935 Alfa Romeo 6C Pescara Coupé aerodinamico
  • 1936 Lancia Aprilia
  • 1936 Alfa Romeo 8C 2900 [125]
  • 1937 Alfa Romeo 6C 2300-B Pescara Berlinetta
  • 1937 Lancia Aprilia Aerodinamica[121]
  • 1938 Lancia Astura
  • 1943 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Super Sport Pinin Farina Cabriolet[126]
{{div col end}}

Concept cars, Prototypes and Individual commissions

In addition to production vehicles, Pininfarina creates prototype, show, and custom cars for auto manufacturers, as well as private clients. Most prototypes—such as the Ferrari Mythos, were concept cars, although several have become production models, including the Ferrari 612 Scaglietti and Ferrari F50.

A recent privately commissioned custom example was the Ferrari P4/5 of 2006, a one-car rebody (changing the exterior design) of the Enzo Ferrari according to the client's specifications. Its design began in September 2005 with sketches by Jason Castriota moving through computer aided sculpture and stringent wind tunnel testing. More than 200 components were designed especially for the car though the engine, drivetrain and many other components are simply modified from the original Enzo Ferrari. The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is unchanged from the Enzo it was derived from. The P4/5 was publicly revealed on 18 August 2006 at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance and shown again at the Paris Motor Show in late September. Another recent prototype is the Pininfarina Nido, a two-seater sub-compact that could possibly make airbags obsolete.

The Pininfarina B0 solar-electric concept, designed with Bolloré was shown at the 2008 Paris Motor Show featuring a range between charges of more than {{convert|150|mi|0|}} with an electronically limited {{convert|88|mph|0|adj=on}} top speed, and an estimated acceleration to {{convert|37|mph|0|}} in 6.3 seconds.[127] The car has solar panels on the roof and on the nose, while its battery pack is said to last up to {{convert|125000|mi|0|}}.[128]

On 15 May 2013 Pininfarina announced the BMW Pininfarina Gran Lusso Coupé to be revealed on 24 May at the Concorso d’Eleganza Villa d’Este. Pininfarina announced this one-off concept car as the first collaboration between BMW and Pininfarina,[129] but in 1949 BMW commissioned Pininfarina design and build a prototype of the BMW 501—it was rejected for being too modern.[130]

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
  • 1947 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 S Paris Motor Show Prototype[131]
  • 1947 Lancia Aprilia Paris Motor Show Prototype[132]
  • 1947 Delahaye 135MS Coupé[133]
  • 1949 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Coupe Speciale[134]
  • 1949 BMW 501
  • 1952 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 spider –version 1[135][136]
  • 1952 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 coupé –version 1[135][136]
  • 1953 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 spider –version 2 and 3[135][136]
  • 1954 Cadillac Series 62 PF -built for Norman Granz[137]
  • 1954 Jaguar XK120 SE Max Hoffman coupé [138]
  • 1954 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 coupé –version 2[135][136]
  • 1955 Ferrari 375 America Coupé Speciale[139]
  • 1955 Lancia Aurelia B55 PF 200 coupé –version 3[136]
  • 1955 Lancia Florida I coupe
  • 1955 Lancia Florida I Berlina
  • 1955 Nash Special[140]
  • 1956 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Super Flow Coupe[141]
  • 1956 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Super Flow II Coupe[141]
  • 1956 Rambler Palm Beach[142]
  • 1957 Abarth 750 Bialbero Record[143]
  • 1957 Abarth 500 Coupe
  • 1957 Lancia Florida II
  • 1959 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Spyder Super Sport[141]
  • 1960 Ferrari Superamerica Superfast 2
  • 1960 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Super Flow IV Coupe[141]
  • 1960 Pininfarina X
  • 1961 Cadillac "Jacqueline" Brougham Coupé (named after Jacqueline Kennedy)[144]
  • 1961 Ferrari 250 GT Pininfarina Coupe Speciale[145]
  • 1962 Fiat 2300 Coupe Speciale[146]
  • 1963 Alfa Romeo 2600 Coupe Speciale
  • 1963 Chevrolet Corvair Super Spyder Coupé (2 built)[147]
  • 1963 Chevrolet Corvette Rondine Coupé[148]
  • 1963 Fiat 2300 Cabriolet Speciale[149]
  • 1963 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale Lausanne
  • 1964 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale[150]
  • 1963 Pininfarina PF Sigma[151]
  • 1963 Mercedes-Benz 230SL concept car ("Pininfarina Coupé")
  • 1964 Abarth 1000 Spyder
  • 1965 Abarth 1000 Coupe Speciale
  • 1965 Alfa Romeo Giulia Sport Tubolare
  • 1965 Ferrari Dino 206 Berlinetta Speciale[152]
  • 1965 Ferrari 250 LM Pininfarina Stradale Speciale[153]
  • 1965 Ferrari 365P Berlinetta Speciale 3-posti (2 built)[154]
  • 1965 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale[155]
  • 1967 BMC 1800 Berlina-Aerodinamica[156]
  • 1967 Ferrari Dino 206 Competizione[157]
  • 1967 Fiat Dino Parigi[158]
  • 1968 Bentley T1 Coupe Speciale[159]
  • 1968 Pininfarina BLMC 1100[160]
  • 1968 Alfa Romeo P33 Roadster [161]
  • 1968 Ferrari P6 Berlinetta Speciale[162]
  • 1968 MG EX.234 Roadster[163]
  • 1968 Ferrari 250 P5 Speciale[164]
  • 1969 Abarth 2000[165]
  • 1969 Alfa Romeo 33/2 Coupé Speciale [166]
  • 1969 Ferrari Sigma Grand Prix monoposto F1[167]
  • 1969 Ferrari 512S Berlinetta Speciale[168]
  • 1969 Fiat 128 Teenager[169]
  • 1970 Ferrari Modulo[170]
  • 1971 Alfa Romeo P33 Cuneo [166]
  • 1971 Peugeot Break Riviera[171]
  • 1971 NSU Ro 80[172]
  • 1973 Alfa Romeo Alfetta Spider [173]
  • 1973 Autobianchi A112 Giovani[174]
  • 1973 Chevrolet Corvette XP-897GT – Designed by GM, built by Pininfarina[175]
  • 1974 Ferrari CR 25[176]
  • 1974 Fiat 130 Maremma[177]
  • 1975 Alfa Romeo Eagle[139]
  • 1975 Fiat 130 Opera sedan[178]
  • 1975 Peugeot Peugette
  • 1978 Fiat Ecos[179]
  • 1978 Jaguar XJ Spider[180]
  • 1978 Lancia Gamma Spider[181]
  • 1978 Pininfarina CNR-PF[182]
  • 1980 Ferrari Pinin
  • 1980 Lancia Gamma Scala sedan[183]
  • 1981 Audi Quartz[184]
  • 1982 Lancia Gamma Olgiata[185]
  • 1983 Pininfarina Brio – based on Fiat Ritmo Abarth 125 TC[186]
  • 1984 Honda HP-X concept car[187]
  • 1985 Peugeot Griffe 4[188]
  • 1986 Alfa Romeo Vivace Coupe and Spider[189]
  • 1988 Lancia HIT[190]
  • 1989 Ferrari Mythos
  • 1990 Pininfarina CNR E2[191]
  • 1991 Opel Chronos[192]
  • 1992 Jaguar XJ220 Pininfarina
  • 1992 Fiat Cinquecento 4x4 pick-up[193]
  • 1992 Pininfarina Ethos[194]
  • 1993 Pininfarina Ethos 2[195]
  • 1994 Fiat Spunto[196]
  • 1994 Pininfarina Ethos 3[197]
  • 1995 Honda Argento Vivo[198]
  • 1995 Honda SSM[199]
  • 1996 Fiat Sing e Song – a pair of concept cars based on the Fiat Bravo and Brava[200]
  • 1996 Pininfarina etabeta[201]
  • 1997 Peugeot Nautilus[202]
  • 1998 Alfa Romeo Dardo Spider
  • 1999 Fiat Wish Cabriolet / Coupé[203]
  • 1999 Pininfarina Metrocubo[204]
  • 2000 Ferrari Rossa[205]
  • 2001 Ford Start[206]
  • 2001 Citroën Osée
  • 2002 Hafei HF Fantasy[207]
  • 2003 Pininfarina Lotus Enjoy[208]
  • 2004 Pininfarina Double-Face[209]
  • 2004 Pininfarina Nido[209]
  • 2004 Saturn Curve – Built by Pininfarina, designed by GM in Sweden[210]
  • 2005 Chery M14[211]
  • 2005 Maserati Birdcage 75th
  • 2006 Ferrari 612 Scaglietti “Kappa” one-off for Peter S. Kalikow[212]
  • 2006 Ferrari P4/5 by Pininfarina
  • 2008 Pininfarina B0 electric car
  • 2008 Pininfarina Sintesi[213]
  • 2008 Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupé Hyperion
  • 2009 Tata Pr1ma concept car
  • 2009 Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta - one off for Edward Walson, based on the Ferrari 599[214]
  • 2010 Alfa Romeo 2uettottanta concept car[215]
  • 2010 Lancia Stratos for Michael Stoschek[216]
  • 2010 Pininfarina Nido EV[217]
  • 2012 Pininfarina Cambiano concept car
  • 2012 Ferrari SP12 EC one-off for Eric Clapton[218]
  • 2013 Pininfarina Sergio concept car
  • 2013 BMW Gran Lusso Coupé
  • 2014 Ferrari Sergio
  • 2016 H2 Speed concept car[219]
  • 2017 Fittipaldi EF7 Vision Gran Turismo by Pininfarina.
  • 2018 VinFast SUV[220]
  • 2018 VinFast Sedan[220]
{{div col end}}

Production Cars Designed by Pininfarina

A list of Post WWII cars designed by Pininfarina that went into production.

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
  • 1948 Cisitalia 202
  • 1949 Simca 8 Sport Coupé and Cabriolet[221]
  • 1951 Rolls-Royce Silver Dawn continental coupe
  • 1952 Ferrari 250
  • 1952 Nash Ambassador[222]
  • 1952 Nash-Healey[223]
  • 1953 Four Berlinetta and one Spyder version of the Maserati A6GCS/53
  • 1956 Alfa Romeo Giulietta Spider [224]
  • 1955 Ferrari 410 Superamerica
  • 1955 Peugeot 403
  • 1956 Austin A40 Farina
  • 1956 Ferrari 250 GT
  • 1957 Lancia Flaminia
  • 1957 Ferrari 250 Cabriolet
  • 1958 BMC Farina cars - Austin A55 Cambridge Mk II, MG Magnette Mk III, Morris Oxford V, Riley 4/68, Wolseley 15/60
  • 1956 Ferrari 250 GT Coupé
  • 1959 Fiat 1800/2100
  • 1960 Ferrari 250 GT/E
  • 1960 Peugeot 404
  • 1961 Fiat 2300
  • 1961 Lancia Flavia Coupé
  • 1962 BMC ADO16
  • 1962 Ferrari 250 GT Lusso
  • 1963 Datsun Bluebird 410
  • 1964 BMC ADO17
  • 1966 Ferrari 330 GT 2+2
  • 1964 Ferrari 275
  • 1965 Dino 206 GT
  • 1965 MGB GT
  • 1965 Nissan Cedric 130
  • 1965 Peugeot 204
  • 1966 Alfa Romeo Spider
  • 1966 Ferrari 275 GTB/C[225]
  • 1966 Ferrari 330 GTC and GTS
  • 1966 Fiat 124 Sport Spider
  • 1966 Fiat Dino Spider
  • 1966 IKA-Renault Torino
  • 1968 Ferrari Daytona
  • 1968 Peugeot 504 sedan, coupé and cabriolet
  • 1969 Peugeot 304 Cabriolet and Coupé
  • 1971 Fiat 130 Coupé
  • 1971 Ferrari 365 GTC/4
  • 1972 Ferrari 365 GT4 2+2
  • 1973 Ferrari 365 GT4 BB
  • 1975 Ferrari 308 GTB and GTS
  • 1975 Peugeot 604
  • 1975 Lancia Beta Montecarlo
  • 1975 Rolls-Royce Camargue
  • 1976 Ferrari 400
  • 1976 Lancia Gamma berlina and coupé
  • 1978 Jaguar XJ6
  • 1979 Peugeot 505
  • 1980 Ferrari Mondial coupé and cabriolet
  • 1984 Ferrari Testarossa
  • 1984 Ferrari 288 GTO
  • 1985 Ferrari 328
  • 1985 Peugeot 205 Cabriolet and Saloon (4 doors) based on Peugeot's Director of Exterior Design, Gerard Welter's, initial design of the 205 (1983)
  • 1985 Ferrari 412
  • 1987 Alfa Romeo 164
  • 1987 Cadillac Allanté
  • 1987 Ferrari F40
  • 1987 Peugeot 405
  • 1989 Ferrari 348 coupé and spider
  • 1989 Peugeot 605
  • 1991 Honda Beat[226]
  • 1992 Ferrari 456
  • 1993 Fiat Coupé - Interior only
  • 1993 Peugeot 306 hatchback and cabriolet
  • 1993/4 Alfa Romeo GTV & Spider
  • 1994 Ferrari F355 coupé and spider
  • 1995 MG F - Roof structure only
  • 1995 Ferrari F50
  • 1996 Ferrari 550 Maranello
  • 1996 Lancia Kappa SW
  • 1997 Peugeot 406 Coupé
  • 1999 Ferrari 360 coupé and spider
  • 1999 Songhuajiang Hafei Zhongyi
  • 2000 Daewoo Tacuma
  • 2000 Ferrari 550 Barchetta Pininfarina
  • 2001 Hyundai Matrix
  • 2002 Daewoo Lacetti saloon and station wagon
  • 2002 Enzo Ferrari
  • 2002 Ferrari 575M Maranello
  • 2002 Hafei Lobo
  • 2003 Maserati Quattroporte
  • 2003 Ford StreetKa
  • 2004 Ferrari 612 Scaglietti
  • 2004 Ferrari F430
  • 2005 Hafei Saibao/ 2012 Coda (electric car)
  • 2005 Peugeot 1007
  • 2005 Ferrari Superamerica
  • 2006 Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano
  • 2006 Mitsubishi Colt CZC
  • 2006 Volvo C70 - Roof Structure engineering only
  • 2006 Alfa Romeo Spider
  • 2007 Brilliance BS4
  • 2007 Chery A3 and Chery A3 Sport[227]
  • 2007 Ford Focus CC by Pininfarina
  • 2007 Maserati GranTurismo
  • 2008 Ferrari California
  • 2009 Ferrari 458 Italia
  • 2011 Ferrari FF
  • 2012 Ferrari F12berlinetta
  • 2014 Soueast DX7
  • 2014 Ferrari California T[228]
  • 2016 Soueast DX3
  • 2017 Mitsubishi Lancer
  • 2019 Soueast A5[229]
{{div col end}}

Electric propulsion

Pininfarina has an area dedicated to the new electric car Pininfarina Bolloré. Batteries are produced by the French Bolloré Group.[230]

Pininfarina, has introduced its own electric vehicle concept, the Pininfarina B0 (pronounced "B Zero"). The four-seat hatchback features a solid-state lithium-polymer battery, supercapacitors, and a roof- integrated solar panel to achieve a range of {{Convert|153|mi|km}}. Developed in partnership with the Bolore Group, the vehicle was slated for limited production in 2009 as the Bolloré Bluecar.[231]

Pininfarina will display a turbine-powered plug-in hybrid called the Cambiano at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show.[232]

At the 2016 Geneva Motor Show Pininfarina revealed the H2 Speed, an electric sports car concept.[233] The H2 Speed is a hydrogen vehicle with two race-specification electric motors which are fed by a hydrogen fuel cell.[234] The hydrogen power unit was designed by Swiss company GreenGT.[235]

Automobili Pininfarina Battista

On 27 November 2018, it was announced that Automobili Pininfarina had invested over €20m in Pininfarina design services to support plans for its range of luxury electric cars.[236] This includes design and engineering services for the first Pininfarina-branded hyper performance car which is a luxury electric hypercar called the Battista (named after company founder Battista 'Pinin' Farina and originally codenamed PF0).[237] With four electric engines, the car is supposed to be able to reach 100 kph in under two seconds with a maximum velocity of 350 kph.[238] Automobili Pininfarina plans to reveal the car at the 2019 Geneva Motor Show.[238] Further details on the Battista surfaced on March 4, 2019. It has 1900 horsepower, and only 150 will be built. It is also related to the Rimac C Two.[239]

Other vehicles

Nautical design

  • Primatist Aerotop Pininfarina range:[240] G46, G53, B62,[241] G70.
  • Magnum Marine 80' Series [242]
  • Pershing 88' Pininfarina Limited Edition, a one-off body designed by Pininfarina. Yacht was used in a Visa Black Card commercial.[243]
  • Fincantieri Ottantacinque by Pininfarina Project.[244]
  • Schaefer 620 and 800 by Pininfarina, interiors.[245]
  • Persico Marine WallyCento Project.[246]
  • Azimut 65 Pininfarina.

Mass transport

  • 1987–2000 ETR 500 Italian high-speed trainset [247]
  • 1991 SBB-CFF-FFS Re 460 (electric locomotive for the Swiss Federal Railways)
  • 1996 ALe 426/506 TAF "High Occupancy Train" for Italian commuter lines.
  • 1997 IC 2000 (double-decker train for the Swiss Federal Railways, matching the electric locomotive Re 460) [248]
  • 1999–2007 AnsaldoBreda Type 8 Green Line Trolley Car for the MBTA.
  • 2000 Hispano Carrocera Habit buses.
  • 2000 SBB-CFF-FFS RABDe 500 (tilting train for the Swiss Federal Railways) [249]
  • 2001 AnsaldoBreda BM72 electric multiple unit trains for the Norwegian Railways.
  • 2001 Cobra tram for Zürich.
  • 2004 AnsaldoBreda Sirio tram, Athens version [250]
  • 2005 AnsaldoBreda IC4 inter-city diesel multiple unit trains for the Danish railways.
  • 2008 AnsaldoBreda V250 Albatros high-speed train for NS Hispeed
  • 2009 AnsaldoBreda-Firema Metrostar, suburban train for Circumvesuviana in Naples[251]
  • 2009 Eurostar appoints Pininfarina to undertake design work for train refurbishment.[252]

Other works

Pininfarina also works with other companies such as SimpleTech for product design.[253]

Other Pininfarina product designs include the 2006 Winter Olympics torch, cauldron and medals, as well as major appliance collections for Gorenje.[254]

On December 1999, Pininfarina cooperated with Casio and designed a watch under its label, the G-Shock GE-2000.[255] However, the watch received negative critics from the fans due to its weak strap, which was vulnerable to breaks during normal use.[256]

Pininfarina was a design contractor for the development of Coca-Cola Freestyle.[257][258]

Subsidiaries

Pininfarina Extra, founded in 1986, is the Pininfarina Group design company which does not work in the transport sector. Examples include:

  • The Keating Hotel in San Diego, California
  • 1100 Millecento Residences interiors in Miami, Florida announced in 2012[259]
  • Beachwalk waterfront residences interiors in Hallandale Beach, Florida announced in 2013[260]
  • Pininfarina Wine

See also

  • Mahindra & Mahindra
  • Magna Steyr
  • Heuliez
  • Valmet Automotive
  • Ken Okuyama
  • Sergio Pininfarina
  • Battista Farina
  • Andrea Pininfarina

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Pininfarina S.p.A. Annual Financial Report |url= http://www.pininfarina.com/media/files/bilanci/eng_pf_group-annual_fin_report_31_dec2016-15_05_17.pdf |publisher=Pininfarina S.p.A. |page=9 |date=31 December 2016 |accessdate=23 October 2017}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|first=Siddharth Vikram |last=Philip |first2=Tommaso |last2=Ebhardt |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-14/mahindra-said-to-agree-to-purchase-of-car-designer-pininfarina-ii5pvzlq |title=Mahindra Agrees to Purchase of Car-Designer Pininfarina |publisher=Bloomberg |date=14 December 2015 |accessdate=8 April 2016}}
3. ^1 {{cite press release|url= http://www.pininfarina.com/media/files/comunicati_price_sensitive/press_release_new_officers_assignments_08122008.pdf |title=Pininfarina Group: Appointments of New Officers and New Assignments in the Sign of Corporate Continuity |date=12 August 2008 |publisher=Pininfarina Group |accessdate=19 June 2014}}
4. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|first=Griff |last=Borgeson |title=Pininfarina man, myth, & monopoly |journal=Road & Track |date=December 1963 |pages=37–38}}
5. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.companyspotlight.com/61743/Pininfarina-SpA |title=Pininfarina SpA |publisher=Companyspotlight.com |year=2013 |accessdate=29 May 2013 }}
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8. ^1 2 {{cite journal|first=Griff |last=Borgeson |title=Pininfarina, The New Generation |journal=Road & Track |date=March 1964 |page=83}}
9. ^{{cite news| url= https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/04/business/global/sergio-pininfarina-85-designer-of-sports-cars.html?_r=0 |newspaper=The New York Times | first=Paul | last=Vitello |title=Sergio Pininfarina, 85, Designer of Sports Cars |date=3 July 2012}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://motorshow.cars.uk.msn.com/motorshow/Paris2006/Article.aspx?cp-documentid=988389 |title=History of the Paris Motor Show - 2006 |publisher=Motorshow.cars.uk.msn.com |date= |accessdate=29 May 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602132514/http://motorshow.cars.uk.msn.com/motorshow/Paris2006/Article.aspx?cp-documentid=988389 |archivedate=2 June 2013 |df= }}
11. ^Ernesto Caballo, Pininfarina n. 12 1972-73, p.160
12. ^{{cite journal|first=Jonathan |last=Thompson |title=The Early Pininfarina Line |journal=Road & Track |date=March 1976 |page=37}}
13. ^{{cite web|first=Daniela |last=Stigh |url= http://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2012/04/06/five-for-friday-plus-one-momas-car-collection |title=Five for Friday (Plus One): MoMA's Car Collection |publisher=MoMA |date=6 April 2012 |accessdate=29 May 2013 }}
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15. ^{{cite web|url= http://europe.autonews.com/article/20130328/ANE/303299998/divorce-italian-style-no-but-a-design-change-at-ferrari |title=Divorce, Italian style? No, but a design change at Ferrari |publisher=Automotive News Europe |date=28 March 2013 |accessdate=19 June 2014}}
16. ^{{cite journal|first=Jonathan |last=Thompson |title=The Early Pininfarina Line |journal=Road & Track |date=December 1976 |page=54}}
17. ^Gino Rancati, Pininfarina n. 12 1972-73, p.162
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cardesignnews.com/site/home/first_sight/display/store4/item274671/ |first=Owen |last=Ready |title=Pininfarina Sergio concept |publisher=Cardesignnews.com |date=5 March 2013 |accessdate=29 May 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527092952/http://www.cardesignnews.com/site/home/first_sight/display/store4/item274671/ |archivedate=27 May 2013 |df= }}
19. ^Wilson, Wilson. Alfa Romeo Giulietta, p.43
20. ^{{cite news|url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/04/04/79990054.pdf |title=Battista Pininfarina Is Dead - Pioneer Automobile Designer |newspaper=The New York Times |date=3 April 1966 |accessdate=8 April 2016}}
21. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.ucapusa.com./heritage_pininfarina.htm |title=Pininfarina History - The Story of Battista Farina |publisher= |date= |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131030090743/http://www.ucapusa.com/heritage_pininfarina.htm |archivedate=30 October 2013 |accessdate=19 June 2014}}
22. ^1 {{cite web| title= Pininfarina - Coach Builder Information |publisher=Conceptcarz.com | url= http://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/coachbuilder.aspx?cbID=1 |date= |accessdate=20 May 2013 }}
23. ^[https://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/bcportal.html/currentVideoId/1183349097001/pnId/57/typeId/c/currentChannelId/Most%20Recent.html]{{cite web|url=https://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/bcportal.html/currentVideoId/1183349097001/pnId/57/typeId/c/currentChannelId/Most%20Recent.html|title=30 years at the GM wind tunnel|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=VideoatGM.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=29 May 2013}}{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
24. ^{{cite book|last=Klassen|first=Robert|title=Cases in Operations Management: Building Customer Value Through World-Class Operations|year= 2006|publisher=SAGE|location=Thousand Oaks, California|isbn=978-1-4129-1371-3|page=12|url=https://books.google.com/?id=sxr9ETjzuwUC |first2=Larry J. |last2=Menor |accessdate=29 April 2013 }}
25. ^{{cite book|last=Klassen|first=Robert|title=Cases in Operations Management: Building Customer Value Through World-Class Operations|year=2006|publisher=Sage |location=Thousand Oaks, California|isbn=978-1-4129-1371-3 |page=15 |url= https://books.google.com/?id=sxr9ETjzuwUC |first2=Larry J. |last2=Menor |accessdate=29 April 2013}}
26. ^{{cite book|title=Pininfarina Annual Report |year=2004 |publisher=Pininfarina |page=10}}
27. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.autonews.com/article/20080428/ANE03/342957784/tata-wants-part-of-pininfarina#ixzz2QZNo2s5G |title=Tata wants part of Pininfarina |first=Luca |last=Ciferri |publisher=Automotive News Europe |date=28 August 2008 |accessdate=19 June 2014}}
28. ^{{cite web|last=Ireson |first=Nelson |url= http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1024351_update-ferrari-brembo-and-sabelt-invest-in-pininfarina |title=Update: Ferrari, Brembo and Sabelt invest in Pininfarina |publisher=Motorauthority.com |date=29 April 2008 |accessdate=29 May 2013}}
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226. ^{{cite web|last=Lamm |first=John |title=And the Beat Goes On: Honda Bringing S660 Concept to Tokyo [2013 Tokyo Auto Show]|url= http://blog.caranddriver.com/and-the-beat-goes-on-honda-bringing-s660-concept-to-tokyo-2013-tokyo-auto-show/ |publisher=Car & Driver |date=23 October 2013 |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
227. ^{{cite web|title=Two car models for China signed by Pininfarina the A3 and the A3 Sport |url= http://www.pininfarina.com/en/chery_a3/ |publisher=Pininfarina |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
228. ^{{cite web|last=Weiner |first=Eric |title=Ferrari California T Set for 2014 Geneva Auto Show Debut |url= http://www.automobilemag.com/features/news/1402-ferrari-california-t-debuts-2014-geneva-motor-show/ |publisher=Automobile Magazine |date=12 February 2014 |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
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231. ^{{cite web|url= http://minutia-microcarsminicars.blogspot.com/2008/10/new-electric-minicar-from-pinifarina.html |title= New Electric Minicar from Pinifarina |publisher= Minutia microcars and minicars |date=11 October 2008 |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
232. ^{{cite web|title=Leaked: turbine-powered Pininfarina Cambiano plug-in hybrid |url= http://www.leftlanenews.com/pininfarina-cambiano.html |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
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242. ^{{cite web|url= http://magnummarine.com/project/80/|title=Magnum 80' Series|publisher=Magnum Marine|date= |accessdate=}}
243. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.acronautic.com/pershing-88-pininfarina/|title=Pershing 88 Pininfarina|publisher=Acronautic|date= |accessdate=}}
244. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.pininfarina.com/en/ottantacinque_by_pininfarina/|title=Ottantacinque by Pininfarina |publisher=Pininfarina |date= |accessdate=}}
245. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.schaeferyachts.com.br/mundo-schaefer/noticias/rio-boat-show-presents-the-schaefer-800-by-pininfarina-.html|title=Rio Boat Show presents the Schaefer 800 by Pininfarina|publisher=Schaefer Yachts|date= |accessdate=}}
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248. ^IC2000 arrives next year {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
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250. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/athens-trams/ |title=Athens Trams Project in Greece |publisher=Railway Technology |date= |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
251. ^{{cite web|first=David |last=Campione |url= http://www.ferrovie.it/ferrovie.vis/timdettvp.php?id=1137 |title=Metrostar, i nuovi treni della Circumvesuviana |publisher=FOL |language=Italian |date=24 November 2008 |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
252. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/eurostar-refurbishment-design-contract-awarded.html |title=Eurostar refubishment design contract awarded |publisher=Railway Gazette International |date=8 April 2009 |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
253. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.slashgear.com/new-drives-from-simpletech-designed-by-pininfarina-104703.php |title=New drives from SimpleTech designed by Pininfarina |publisher=Slashgear |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
254. ^{{Cite news |url= http://www.gorenjepininfarina.com |title= Gorenje Pinifarina |accessdate= 17 August 2014 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140728072630/http://www.gorenjepininfarina.com/ |archivedate= 28 July 2014 |df= }}
255. ^{{cite news|title=Pininfarina designs new watch for Casio|url=https://www.designweek.co.uk/issues/28-october-1999/pininfarina-designs-new-watch-for-casio/|accessdate=5 September 2017|publisher=Design Week|date=29 October 1999}}
256. ^{{cite news|title=Los defectos más "sonados" (y las mayores virtudes) de los relojes G-Shock|trans-title=The most awful defects (and the greatest virtues) from G-Shock watches|url=http://zonacasio.blogspot.cl/2014/11/los-defectos-mas-sonados-y-las-mayores.html|accessdate=5 September 2017|publisher=Zona Casio|date=11 November 2014|language=Spanish}}
257. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.ajc.com/news/entertainment/dining/coke-targets-freestyle-expansion-for-2010-1/nQXtS/ |title=Coke targets Freestyle expansion for 2010 |first=Joe Guy |last=Collier |publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |date=11 May 2010 |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
258. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.ajc.com/news/business/coke-tests-new-dispenser-in-atlanta/nQSRW/?__federated=1 |title=Coke tests new dispenser in Atlanta |first=Joe Guy|last=Collier |publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |date=16 September 2009 |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
259. ^{{cite web|title=1100 Millecento Residences Brickell |url= http://exmiami.org/index.php/1100-millecento-residences-brickell-42-floors-491-ft-under-construction/ |accessdate=27 September 2013|date= 2012-02-23 }}
260. ^{{cite web|title=Pininfarina SpA : Beachwalk, second Pininfarina project in Florida with The Related Group|url=http://www.4-traders.com/PININFARINA-SPA-92079/news/Pininfarina-SpA--Beachwalk-second-Pininfarina-project-in-Florida-with-The-Related-Group-16810060/|accessdate=27 September 2013}}

External links

{{Commons category|Pininfarina}}{{commons category|Stabilimenti Farina}}
  • {{official website|http://www.pininfarina.com/}}
  • Pininfarina Sverige
  • {{cite journal|url= http://www.chryslerheritage.com/mag5_win01.pdf |last=Foster |first=Patrick R. |title=Nashes With an Italian Accent |journal=FORWARD: The American Heritage of DaimlerChrysler |date=Winter 2001 |pages=33–37 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060428041948/http://www.chryslerheritage.com/mag5_win01.pdf |archivedate=28 April 2006 |accessdate=19 June 2014}}
  • BMC 1800 & 1100 - detail on these influential design proposals
  • The Cisitalia 2002 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.
  • Cisitalia Museum
  • The Keating Hotel in downtown San Diego.
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20140106005628/http://pininfarinawine.com/ Pininfarina Wine]
  • Coachbuild.com encyclopedia: Pininfarina
  • Paulo Pininfarina Exclusive Interview in West Coast Midnight Run art book Fashion Edition
{{Coachbuilders of Italy}}{{Automotive industry in Italy}}

15 : Pininfarina|Coachbuilders of Italy|Turin motor companies|Engineering companies of Italy|Battery electric vehicle manufacturers|Contract vehicle manufacturers|Convertible top suppliers|Manufacturing companies based in Turin|Metropolitan City of Turin|Design companies established in 1930|Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1930|1930 establishments in Italy|Companies listed on the Borsa Italiana|Italian brands|2015 mergers and acquisitions
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