| 词条 | Pinko |
| 释义 |
Pinko is a pejorative coined in 1925 in the United States to describe a person regarded as being sympathetic to communism, though not necessarily a Communist Party member. It has since come to be used to describe anyone perceived to have leftist or socialist sympathies. The term has its origins in the notion that pink is a lighter shade of red, a color associated with communism. Thus pink could describe a "lighter form of communism," purportedly promoted by supporters of socialism who were not themselves actual or "card carrying" communists. The term pinko has a pejorative sense, whereas 'pink' in this definition can be used in a purely descriptive sense, such as in the term pink tide. HistoryPoliticsOne of the first recorded uses of pinko was in Time magazine in 1925 as a variant on the noun and adjective pink, which had been used along with parlor pink since the beginning of the 20th century to refer to those of leftish sympathies, usually with an implication of effeteness.[1] In the 1920s, for example, a Wall Street Journal editorial described supporters of the Progressive politician Robert La Follette as “visionaries, ne’er do wells, parlor pinks, reds, hyphenates [Americans with divided allegiance], soft handed agriculturalists and working men who have never seen a shovel.”[2] Pinko was widely used during the Cold War to label individuals accused of supporting the Soviet Union, including many supporters of former vice president Henry Wallace's 1948 U.S. presidential campaign of the Progressive Party. Many unscrupulous politicians, like Richard Nixon, exploited the fear of communism by referring to their opponents as "pinkos". The word was predominantly used in the United States, where opposition to Communism grew strong among the population, especially during the McCarthy era. It was also in common use in South Africa during the apartheid era. In his two presidential campaigns, Alabama governor George Wallace often railed at what he called "the left-wing pinko press" and "pseudo-pinko-intellectuals."[3][4]Some of the most infamous uses of the term pink came during future president Richard Nixon's 1950 Senate campaign against Helen Gahagan Douglas: "She's pink right down to her underwear!" — a play on the fact that, at the time, pink was the usual color of women's undergarments. Nixon regularly referred to her as "the Pink Lady", and his campaign distributed political flyers printed on sheets of pink paper. Popular cultureOne of the most famous uses of the term in popular culture was the ironic use by singer Charlie Daniels in his breakthrough 1972 hit "Uneasy Rider." The dope-running hippie narrator is stuck with a flat tire in Jackson, Mississippi. Attempting to avoid a beatdown by the locals, he attempts to deflect attention to one of the locals by accusing him of being "a friend of them long haired, hippie-type, pinko fags" sent by the FBI to infiltrate the Ku Klux Klan.[5] Archie Bunker, the patriarch of the Bunker family in the 1970s sitcom All in the Family, often derisively used the term 'pinko' when referring to his liberal son-in-law Michael "Meathead" Stivic or Michael's friends.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} In the sitcom M*A*S*H the recurring character Colonel Flagg often uses the term pinko and other comments to question the patriotism of the doctors when they do not help him in his undercover operations.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} Tabloid-TV talk show host Morton Downey Jr. was famous for using the term to berate nearly anyone who disagreed with him.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} In the musical Hairspray, Velma von Tussle calls heroine Tracy Turnblad a pinko during the song “Velma’s Revenge,” because Tracy dreams of integrating television. American television show Frasier (Season 7, Episode 10, Series 154, "Back Talk" ) makes reference to the word Pinko. Reading a vintage newspaper from the day of his birth given to him by his father Martin Crane as a birthday gift, Frasier reads the headline aloud, "Suspected Pinko ousted from Crossing Guard Post." Frasier then responds sarcastically, "What a jolly world I was born into." [6] The 2003 video game Postal 2 has the protagonist, The Postal Dude, attempting to get signatures for a petition. Occasionally, residents will respond with the jeer "No way, you freaking pinko!" when refusing to sign. See also
Notes1. ^Joseph J. Firebaugh, "The Vocabulary of 'Time' Magazine", American Speech, 15, 3, October 1940. 2. ^"Mirrors of Washington", The Wall Street Journal, September 26, 1924. 3. ^"Wallace Campaign Aims at McCarthy Elements", Washington Post, March 23, 1964. 4. ^"The Wallace Challenge -- and Opportunity", The Wall Street Journal, March 13, 1972. 5. ^{{cite web |title=Charlie Daniels - Uneasy Rider Lyrics |url=http://www.metrolyrics.com/uneasy-rider-lyrics-charlie-daniels.html |website=MetroLyrics.com |accessdate=9 January 2019}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.kacl780.net/frasier/transcripts/season_7/episode_10/back_talk_1.html|title=Back Talk 1 — Frasier Transcripts Season 7 Episode 10 — The Frasier Archives|website=www.kacl780.net|access-date=2017-12-18}} 3 : Pejorative terms for people|Political terminology|Socialism |
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