| 词条 | Pinus canariensis | ||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Pinus canariensis Canary Island pine | image_upright = 1.1 | image_caption = Canary Island pines in Caldera de Taburiente, La Palma | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Caldera de Taburiente La Palma.jpg | display_parents = 3 | genus = Pinus | parent = Pinus subsect. Pinaster | species = canariensis | authority = C.Sm. }}Pinus canariensis, the Canary Island pine, is a species of gymnosperm in the coniferous family Pinaceae. It is a large, evergreen tree native and endemic to the outer Canary Islands (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Hierro and La Palma) in the Atlantic Ocean.[2] It is a subtropical pine and does not tolerate low temperatures or hard frost, surviving temperatures down to about −6 to −10 °C. Within its natural area, it grows under extremely variable rainfall regimes, from less than {{convert|300|mm|abbr=on}} to several thousands, mostly due to differences in mist-capturing by the foliage. Under warm conditions, this is one of the most drought-tolerant pines, living even with less than {{convert|200|mm|abbr=on}} per year. It is the vegetable symbol of the island of La Palma.[2] DistributionThe native range has been somewhat reduced due to over-cutting so that only the islands of Tenerife, La Palma and Gran Canaria still have large forests. Really big trees are still rare due to past over-cutting.[1] It is the tallest tree in the Canary Islands. DescriptionPinus canariensis is a large evergreen tree, growing to {{convert|30|-|40|m|abbr=on}} tall and {{convert|100|-|120|cm|abbr=on}} trunk diameter (dbh), exceptionally up to {{convert|60|m|abbr=on}} tall and {{convert|265|cm|abbr=on}} diameter.[3] The green to yellow-green leaves are needle-like, in bundles of three, 20–30 cm long,[3] with finely toothed margins and often drooping. A characteristic of the species is the occurrence of glaucous (bluish-green) epicormic shoots growing from the lower trunk, but in its natural area this only occurs as a consequence of fire or other damage. This pine is one of the most fire-resistant conifers in the world.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} The cones are {{convert|10|-|18|cm|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|5|cm|abbr=on}} wide,[3] glossy chestnut-brown in colour and frequently remaining closed for several years (serotinous cones). Its closest relatives are the Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii) from the Himalaya, the Mediterranean pines Pinus pinea, Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster and Pinus brutia from the eastern Mediterranean. Fossil recordFossils of Pinus canariensis have been described from the fossil flora of Kızılcahamam district in Turkey which is of early Pliocene age.[4] Cultivation and usesThe tree's extremely long needles make a significant contribution to the islands water supply, trapping large amounts of condensation from the moist air coming off the Atlantic with the prevailing north eastern wind (locally called "alisios"). The condensation then drops to the ground and is quickly absorbed by the soil, eventually percolating down to the underground aquifers. The aromatic wood, especially the heartwood, is among the finest of pine woods - hard, strong and durable.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} In mainland Spain, South Africa, Sicily and Australia, it has become a naturalized species from original landscape uses. Pinus canariensis is a popular ornamental tree in warmer climates, such as in private gardens, public landscapes, and as street trees in California. GallerySee also
==References== 1. ^1 {{IUCN2006| assessor = Farjon, A.| year = 2003| id = 39603| title = Pinus canariensis| downloaded = 11 October 2012}} 2. ^Ley 7/1991, de 30 de abril, de símbolos de la naturaleza para las Islas Canarias 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author=C.A.B. International|title=Pines of Silvicultural Importance: Compiled from the Forestry Compendium, CAB International|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DB8dCbmgQ74C&pg=PA35|date=4 April 2002|publisher=CABI|isbn=978-0-85199-539-7|page=35}} 4. ^Kasaplıgil, B.-(1975): Pliocene Flora of Güvem village near Ankara, Turkey, Abstracts of the Papers Presented at the XII International Botanical Congress, Akademika Nauk SSSR, 1: 115, Leningrad External links{{Commons|Pinus canariensis}}
9 : Pinus|Endemic flora of the Canary Islands|Endemic flora of Macaronesia|Ornamental trees|Trees of Mediterranean climate|Trees of mild maritime climate|Drought-tolerant trees|Garden plants of Europe|Least concern plants |
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