| 词条 | Pinus pumila |
| 释义 |
| image = Pinus pumila1.JPG | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | display_parents = 3 | genus = Pinus | parent = Pinus subsect. Strobus | species = pumila | authority = (Pall.) Regel[2] | synonyms =
| synonyms_ref = [2] }} Pinus pumila (common names Siberian dwarf pine, dwarf Siberian pine,[1][3] dwarf stone pine,[1] Japanese stone pine,[3] or creeping pine[4]) is a native of northeastern Asia, including the islands of Japan. It shares the common name creeping pine with several other plants. Description{{unreferenced section|date=December 2017}}It is a coniferous evergreen shrub ranging from {{convert|1|-|3|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} in height, exceptionally up to {{convert|5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, but may have individual branches that extend farther along the ground in length. In the mountains of northern Japan, it sometimes hybridises with the related Japanese white pine (Pinus parviflora); these hybrids (Pinus × hakkodensis) are larger than P. pumila, reaching {{convert|8|-|10|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} tall on occasion. The leaves are needle-like, formed in bundles of five and are 4–6 cm long. The cones are 2.5-4.5 cm long, with large nut-like seeds (pine nuts). DistributionThe range covers the Far East, Eastern Siberia, north-east of Mongolia, north-east of China, northern Japan and Korea.[3] Siberian dwarf pine can be found along mountain chains, passing the upper forest border, where it forms uninterrupted hard-to-pass thickets, also it grows in the sea bank of the Okhotsk and the Bering Seas, Tatarsk and Pacific coast (the Kurils). It grows very slowly and is a perennial plant. It can live up to 300 and even 1000 years.[5]{{full citation needed|date=May 2013}} For example, in harsh conditions of Siberia region there are trees of Siberian dwarf pine, which are 250 years-old and older. CultivationThis plant is grown as an ornamental shrub in parks and gardens. The cultivar P. pumila 'Glauca' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[6] EcologyThe seeds are harvested and dispersed by the spotted nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes). References1. ^1 2 {{Cite journal | author = Farjon, A. | title = Pinus pumila | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2013 | page = e.T42405A2977712 | date = 2013 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42405A2977712.en }} 2. ^1 {{WCSP | 380284 | accessdate = 29 December 2017}} 3. ^1 2 {{GRIN | accessdate = 18 December 2017}} 4. ^{{cite journal|author1=Fukui, K. |author2=Sone, T. |author3=Yamagata, K. |author4=Otsuki, Y. |author5=Sawada, Y. |author6=Vetrova, V. |author7=Vyatkina, M. |year=2008|title=Relationships between permafrost distribution and surface organic layers near Esso, central Kamchatka, Russian Far East|journal=Permafrost and Periglacial Processes |volume=19|issue=1|pages=85–92|doi=10.1002/ppp.606}} 5. ^Koropachinsky, Vstovskaya, 2002 6. ^{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - Pinus pumila 'Glauca'|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1481|accessdate=27 May 2013}} External links
6 : Edible nuts and seeds|Flora of Europe|Flora of Russia|Flora of Siberia|Pinus|Least concern plants |
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