| 词条 | Chester Burn viaduct |
| 释义 |
| name = Chester Burn viaduct | image = File:Aerial view of Chester Burn Railway Viaduct, Chester-le-Street.jpg | alt = a viaduct consisting of a series of arches made of red brick, with a road passing under it and trees and a grass bank behind it | caption = The viaduct from the north west | carries = Rail traffic | design = Arch bridge, viaduct | length = {{convert|230|m|ft}} | height = {{convert|90|ft|m}} | begin = 1862 | complete = 1868 | map_type = County Durham | map_relief = yes | coordinates = {{Coord|54.858745|-1.579095|display=title, inline}} | heritage= Grade II listed }} Chester Burn viaduct is a railway viaduct in Chester-le-Street, County Durham, England. It is an imposing structure, dominating the marketplace and north end of the town. It carries the East Coast Main Line, the main railway from Newcastle to London. Chester-le-Street station on that line is just south of the viaduct. It is a Grade II listed building. HistoryA railway line from Gateshead to Durham through Team Valley was proposed in 1846, and authorised in 1848. The downfall of "Railway King" George Hudson in 1849 led to its postponement, and work was delayed until 1862 when the North Eastern Railway regained the authority to build the Team Valley line, which required the building of the viaduct.[1][2] The viaduct was completed in 1868 by Benjamin Carr Lawton, under the control of Thomas Elliot Harrison.[3] The line opened the same year, on 2 March for freight and 1 December for passengers.[1] The viaduct is still in use, carrying the East Coast Main Line. ArchitectureThe viaduct consists of 11 semi-elliptical arches, each {{convert|60|ft|m}} wide and is {{convert|90|ft|m}} high, for a total length of {{convert|230|m|ft}}. It is mostly red engineering brick in English bond, with seven rows of header bond around the arches and with stone for the plinths and parapet edge. The stone and bricks are all original, though there has been some resurfacing on the west. Railings and refuges added later are not part of the listed structure. It lies on a north-south axis with a slight curve, passing over Chester Burn.[4][5] The viaduct was built to cross Chester Burn (also known as Cong Burn[6]), then a centre of activity with both industrial and residential properties around its banks. In 1955 to establish a new market the area east of the viaduct was cleared and the burn concreted over below the viaduct. More recently a Tesco superstore was built, and its carpark occupies the space beneath the arches today.[7] References1. ^1 {{cite book|title=The North Eastern Railway, Its Rise and Development|author=W W Tomlinson|publisher=Andrew Reid|year=1914|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasternrail00tomlrich}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Team Valley Railway|url=http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=1375901|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=13 January 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306134430/http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=1375901|archivedate=6 March 2016|df=dmy-all}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=Civil Engineering Heritage: Northern England|author=Robert William Rennison|publisher=Thomas Telford|year=1996|isbn= 0727725181}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Railway Viaduct Over Chester Burn|url=http://www.keystothepast.info/Pages/pgDetail.aspx?PRN=D34970|publisher=Keys to the Past|accessdate=21 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410130949/http://www.keystothepast.info/Pages/pgDetail.aspx?PRN=D34970#|archive-date=10 April 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 5. ^{{National Heritage List for England |num=1159006 |desc=Railway Viaduct Over Chester Burn|accessdate=4 April 2015}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Selkirk|first=Raymond|title=Chester-le-Street & Its Place in History|publisher=Casdec Print & Design Centre|year=2000|location=Birtley, County Durham|isbn=1-900456-05-2|p=46}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.durham.gov.uk/media/3548/Chester-Le-Street-Conservation-Area-Character-Appraisal/pdf/ChesterLeStreetConservationAreaCharacterAppraisal.pdf|title=Conservation Area Appraisal, Chester-le-Street|date=December 2013|publisher=Durham County Council|accessdate=15 January 2015}} External links
3 : Grade II listed buildings in County Durham|Railway viaducts in England|Chester-le-Street |
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