词条 | Piper PA-23 | |||||||||||||||||
释义 |
The Piper PA-23, named Apache and later Aztec, is a four-to-six-seat twin-engined light aircraft aimed at the general aviation market. The United States Navy and military forces in other countries also used it in small numbers. Originally designed in the 1950s by the Stinson Aircraft Company, Piper Aircraft manufactured the Apache and a more powerful version, the Aztec, in the United States from the 1950s to the 1980s. Design and developmentThe PA-23 was the first twin-engined Piper aircraft, and was developed from a proposed "Twin Stinson" design, inherited when Piper bought the Stinson Division of the Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation. The prototype PA-23 was a four-seat low-wing all-metal monoplane with a twin tail, powered by two 125 hp Lycoming O-290-D piston engines; it first flew on March 2,1952.[1] The aircraft performed badly and it was redesigned with a single vertical stabilizer and an all-metal rear fuselage and more powerful 150 hp Lycoming O-320-A engines. ApacheTwo new prototypes of the redesigned aircraft, now named Apache, were built in 1953 and entered production in 1954; 1,231 were built. In 1958 the Apache 160 was produced by upgrading the engines to 160 hp (119 kW); 816 were built.{{cn|date=February 2019}} The Apache 160 was superseded in 1962 by the Aztec-derived Apache 235.{{cn|date=February 2019}} With a 1962 price of $45,000, the Apache 235 featured the Aztec's 235 hp (175 kW) engines and swept tail surfaces (119 built).[2] AztecThe same year, Piper produced an upgraded version with 250 hp (186 kW) Lycoming O-540 engines and a swept vertical tail as the PA-23-250, and named it Aztec. The first models came in a five-seat configuration in 1959. In 1961 a longer nosed variant, the Aztec B, entered production. Later Aztecs were equipped with IO-540 fuel-injected engines and six-seat capacity, and remained in production until 1982. There were also turbocharged versions of the later models, which could fly at higher altitude. The United States Navy acquired 20 Aztecs, designating them UO-1, which changed to U-11A when unified designations were adopted in 1962. In 1974, Piper produced a single experimental PA-41P Pressurized Aztec concept. This concept was short-lived, however, as the aspects of the Aztec that made it so popular for its spacious interior and ability to haul large loads did not lend themselves well to supporting the sealed pressure vessel required for a pressurized aircraft. The project was scrapped, and the one pressurized Aztec produced, N9941P, was donated to Mississippi State University, where it was used for testing purposes. In 2000, N9941P was donated to the Piper Aviation Museum in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, on condition that it never be flown again. It is now there on display. VariantsApache
Original designation of the Piper PA-23 Apache.
Initial production version, 2047 built (including the Apache E, G and H).
1955 variant with minor changes.
1956 variant with minor changes.
1957 variant with minor changes.
PA-23 powered by two 160 hp O-320-B engines.
PA-23 with longer internal cabin and extra window.
Apache G with O-320-B2B engines and minor changes.
Apache with five seats and 235 hp O-540 engines, 118 built.
Apache G with modified rear fuselage, new fin and rudder and 250hp Lycoming O-540-A1D engines, 4811 built (including sub-variants)
Apache with a series of modifications to the engines, nose and tail.[3] Aztec
1962-1964. Aztec with longer nose for a baggage compartment; six seats, new instrument panel and changes to systems.
1964-1968. Aztec B with either IO-540-C4B5 engines or turbocharged TIO-540-C4B5 as an option, also modified engine nacelles and modified landing gear.
1969-1970. Aztec C with revised instrument panel and controls.
1971-1975. Aztec D with longer pointed nose and a single piece windshield.
1976-1981. Aztec E with improved systems and cambered wingtips and tailplane tip extensions.
United States Navy designation formerly UO-1.
United States Navy designation for PA-23-250 Aztec with additional equipment; 20 delivered, later re-designated U-11A.
Pressurized Aztec concept, one built. OperatorsMilitary operators
Specifications (PA-23-250F, normally aspirated){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–77[4] |crew=one |capacity= five passengers |payload main=1,600 lb |payload alt=725 kg |payload more=cargo |length main= 31 ft 2¾ in |length alt= 9.52 m |span main= 37 ft 2½ in |span alt= 11.34 m |height main= 10 ft 4 in |height alt= 3.15 m |area main= 207.6 ft² |area alt= 19.28 m² |airfoil=USA 35-B (modified) |aspect ratio=6.8:1 |empty weight main= 3,180 lb |empty weight alt= 1,442 kg |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= 5,200 lb |max takeoff weight alt= 2,360 kg |more general= |engine (prop)= Lycoming IO-540-C4B5 |type of prop=normally aspirated air-cooled flat-six piston engines |number of props=2 |power main= 250 hp |power alt= 187 kW |power original= |propeller or rotor?=propeller |propellers=two bladed Hartzell HC-E2YK-2RB constant speed |max speed main=215 mph |max speed alt= 187 knots, 346 km/h |cruise speed main=172 mph |cruise speed alt=150 knots, 278 km/h |cruise speed more= at 10,200 ft (3,110 m) (long-range cruise) |stall speed main=68 mph |stall speed alt=59 knots, 109 km/h |stall speed more=(flaps down) |never exceed speed main=277 mph |never exceed speed alt=240 knots, 446 km/h |range main= 1,519 miles |range alt=1,320 nmi, 2,445 km |range more=at long-range cruise |ceiling main= 18,950 ft |ceiling alt= 5,775 m |ceiling more=(absolute ceiling) |climb rate main= 1,400 ft/min |climb rate alt= 7.1 m/s |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= |armament= |avionics= }} Accidents and incidents
See also{{aircontent||related= |similar aircraft=
|lists= |see also= }} ReferencesNotes{{notelist}}1. ^{{Harvnb|Bridgman|1952|p=238}} 2. ^{{cite magazine |title=Piper Apache 235 (advertisement) |magazine=Flying |date=November 1962 |volume=71 |issue= 5 |pages=10–11 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=S-45uoS-v04C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false }} 3. ^{{cite web|author1=Bill Cox|title=Geronimo! For many light-twin owners, Piper’s Apache is about as good as it gets|url=http://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/geronimo/|website=Plane & Pilot|publisher=Madavor Media|accessdate=13 January 2017|date=December 1, 2004}} 4. ^Taylor 1976, pp. 348–349. 5. ^{{cite web|title=ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 66552: Accident Piper PA-23-160 Apache G-ASHC, 21 Mar 1964 |work=Aviation Safety Network |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=66552 |accessdate=25 February 2019}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file=/14-1976%20N6645Y.pdf |title=Aircraft Accident Report 14/76 |publisher=Accidents Investigation Board |date=29 September 1976 |accessdate=25 November 2011}} 7. ^BBC, This day in history-- 1975: Graham Hill killed in air crash. 8. ^Graham Hill, 46, Retired Racer, In Fatal Crash Piloting His Plane. UPI News Service. December 1, 1975 (Monday) [https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/01/archives/graham-hill-46-retired-racer-in-fatal-crash-piloting-his-plane.html New York Times archive] 9. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/_layouts/ntsb.aviation/brief.aspx?ev_id=41626&key=0|title=NTSB Identification: LAX78FA043|work=National Transportation Safety Board|accessdate=July 27, 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.check-six.com/Crash_Sites/Tallman-N5641Y.htm |title=The Reaper Catches Up . . . In Trabuco Canyon, California April 15, 1978 |author= |publisher=Check-Six.com |date= |format= |accessdate=July 8, 2016}} 11. ^{{cite book|last=Zwoll|first=Wayne van|title=Shooter's Bible Guide to Rifle Ballistics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QzPPFNtwCxwC&pg=PT184|year=2011|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated|isbn=978-1-62087-285-7|pages=184–185}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/01/15/A-twin-engine-plane-carrying-three-people-on-a-flight/4434348382800/|title=A twin-engine plane carrying three people on a flight from Nebraska crashed into Lake Pontchartrain in heavy fog Thursday while on approach to New Orleans Lakefront Airport|website=www.upi.com/archives|date=January 15, 1981|accessdate=October 18, 2018}} }} Bibliography
External links
|col1={{commons category-inline|Piper PA-23 Apache}} |col2={{commons category-inline|Piper PA-23-250 Aztec}} }}{{Piper}}{{USN utility aircraft 1955}}{{US utility aircraft}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Piper Pa-23}} 5 : United States civil utility aircraft 1950–1959|Piper aircraft|Low-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1952|Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft |
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