| 词条 | Piper PA-48 Enforcer | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Piper PA-48 Enforcer is an American turboprop-powered light close air support aircraft built by Piper in the 1970s. It is a development of the World War II-era North American P-51 Mustang fighter. The Enforcer concept was originally created and flown as the Cavalier Mustang by David Lindsay, owner of Cavalier Aircraft, in response to the United States Air Force PAVE COIN program, but Cavalier did not have the manufacturing abilities to mass-produce the Enforcer, so the program was sold to Piper by Lindsay in 1970. Design and developmentIn 1968, Cavalier Aircraft owner/founder David Lindsay began developing a highly modified version of the Cavalier Mustang for use as a counter-insurgency aircraft. Cavalier initially mated a Rolls-Royce Dart 510 turboprop to a Mustang II airframe. This privately funded prototype was also intended for the same CAS/COIN mission that the Mustang II was built for. The Turbo Mustang III had radically increased performance, along with an associated increase in payload and decrease in cost of maintenance, and was equipped with Bristol ceramic armor{{what?|date=September 2017}} to protect the engine, airframe, and pilot. Despite numerous sales attempts to the United States Air Force, neither the U.S. military nor any foreign operators purchased the Turbo Mustang III. Seeking a company with mass production capability, the Turbo Mustang III, renamed the "Enforcer," was sold to Piper Aircraft in late 1970. Cavalier Aircraft Corp. was closed in 1971 so the founder/owner, David Lindsay, could help continue develop the Enforcer concept with Piper. Piper was able to lease a Lycoming T-55L-9 engine from the USAF (the engine Lindsay wanted initially) and flew the aircraft some 200+ hours. In 1971, Piper built two Enforcers by heavily modifying two existing Mustang airframes, fitting them with Lycoming YT55-L-9A turboprop engines along with numerous other significant modifications. One airframe was a single seat (called the PE-1 and FAA registered as N201PE), the other a dual-control aircraft (the PE-2, registered N202PE). Prior to the Pave COIN evaluation, N202PE was lost in a crash off the Florida coast on 12 July 1971 due to flutter caused by a Piper-modified elevator trim tab. Although the Enforcer performed well in the 1971–1972 Pave COIN test flown by USAF pilots, Piper failed to secure a USAF contract. In 1984, with a $US12 million appropriation from Congress, Piper built two new Enforcers, giving the new prototypes the designation PA-48. These aircraft were evaluated by the USAF, but flown only by Piper test pilots. Flight testing and evaluationFor another eight years, Piper and Lindsay lobbied Congress to force the Air Force to officially re-evaluate the Enforcer. Eventually in the 1979 defense bill $11.9 million was allocated for Piper to build two new prototypes and for the Air Force to perform another flight evaluation. Since the Enforcer was never in the Air Force inventory, it was not given an official military designation and did not receive a serial number. Instead, it carried the Piper designation PA-48 and the FAA registration numbers N481PE and N482PE.[1] By the time the PA-48s were completed, they shared less than 10 percent of their structure with the P-51, and were longer and larger. Essentially, the PA-48 Enforcer was a completely new aircraft. The two PA-48s were tested during 1983 and 1984 at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida and Edwards Air Force Base, California. As in the Pave COIN tests of 1971, the PA-48s were found to perform well in their intended role, but the Air Force again decided not to purchase the aircraft. Surviving aircraftOf the four prototype aircraft produced, two still exist. In 2014, PA-48 N482PE completed restoration and is on display at the Air Force Flight Test Museum at Edwards Air Force Base.[2] N481PE has been fully restored and is currently in storage at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio. Specifications (PA-48){{aircraft specifications||plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83[3] |crew=One |length main=34 ft 2 in |length alt=10.41 m |span main=41 ft 4 in[4] |span alt=12.60 m |height main=8 ft 9 in |height alt=2.67 m |area main=245 ft² |area alt=22.8 m² |empty weight main=7,200 lb |empty weight alt=3,266 kg |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |max takeoff weight main=14,000 lb |max takeoff weight alt=6,350 kg |engine (prop)=Lycoming YT55-L-9 |type of prop=turboprop |number of props=1 |power main=2,455 ehp |power alt=1,823 kW |never exceed speed main=402 mph |never exceed alt=350 knots, 648 km/h |max speed main=345 mph |max speed alt=300 knots, 556 km/h |max speed more=at 15,000 ft (4,575 m) |cruise speed main=253 mph |cruise speed alt=220 knots, 408 km/h |stall speed main=94 mph |stall speed alt=82 knots, 152 km/h |combat radius main=460 mi |combat radius alt=400 nmi, 740 km |combat radius more= with two 30 mm gun pods |ceiling main=20,000 ft |ceiling alt=6,100 m |climb rate main=5,000 ft/min |climb rate alt=26.1 m/s |loading main= |loading alt= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= |hardpoints=Six underwing hardpoints with a maximum capacity of 5,680 lb (2,576 kg). }} See also{{aircontent|related=
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}} ReferencesNotes1. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20130404154641/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=614 "Piper PA48 Enforcer."] National Museum of the United States Air Force. Retrieved: 16 July 2017. 2. ^"PA-48 Restoration Completed" Flight Test Historical Foundation September 2014 Newsletter. Retrieved: 25 October 2014. 3. ^Taylor 1982, p. 448. 4. ^Including tip tanks Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
External links{{Commons category}}
8 : Piper aircraft|United States attack aircraft 1970–1979|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States|Low-wing aircraft|Single-engined turboprop aircraft|North American P-51 Mustang|Aircraft first flown in 1971 |
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