| 词条 | Pituophis catenifer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| image = Gopher snake1.jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | genus = Pituophis | species = catenifer | authority = (Blainville, 1835) | synonyms = *Coluber catenifer Blainville, 1835
}} Common name: Pacific gopher snake, coast gopher snake, western gopher snake,[3] more. Pituophis catenifer is a species of nonvenomous colubrid snake endemic to North America. Nine subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominotypical subspecies, Pituophis catenifer catenifer, described here.[4] This snake is often mistaken for the prairie rattlesnake but can be easily distinguished from a rattlesnake by the lack of black and white banding on its tail and by the shape of its head, which is narrower than a rattlesnake's. EtymologyThe specific name, catenifer, is Latin for "chain-bearing", referring to the dorsal color pattern. DescriptionAdults are 36-84 inches (91–213 cm) in length.[3] Dorsally they are yellowish or pale brown, with a series of large dark brown or black blotches, and smaller dark spots on the sides. Ventrally they are yellowish, either uniform or with brown markings.[5] BehaviorThe gopher snake has an odd defensive mechanism, in which it will puff up its body and curl itself into the classic strike pose of a pit viper. However, rather than delivering an open-mouthed strike, the gopher snake is known for striking with a closed mouth, using its blunt nose to "warn off" possible predators. Also, it will often shake its tail, confusing predators into thinking it is a rattlesnake. This works best when the snake is in dry leaves or on gravel. It usually hunts its prey on land, but occasionally ventures out into ponds to hunt frogs. Life expectancyWild gopher snakes typically live 12 to 15 years, but the oldest captive recorded lived over 33 years.[6] Common namesCommon names for this species, or its several subspecies, are: Pacific gopher snake, Henry snake, coast gopher snake, bullsnake, Churchill's bullsnake, Oregon bullsnake, Pacific pine snake, western bullsnake, western gopher snake, Sonoran gopher snake, western pine snake, blow snake, and yellow gopher snake.[3] Subspecies
See also
References1. ^Stejneger L, Barbour T. 1917. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Harvard University Press. Cambridge Massachusetts. 125 pp. (Pituophis catenifer, pp. 85-86.) 2. ^The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org. 3. ^1 2 3 Wright AH, Wright AA. 1957. Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. 2 volumes. Comstock Publishing Associates. (7th printing, 1985). 1,105 pp. {{ISBN|0-8014-0463-0}}. (Pituophis catenifer, pp. 588-609, Figures 171.-175., Map 46.) 4. ^1 2 {{ITIS |id=209400 |taxon=Pituophis catenifer |accessdate=4 February 2009}} 5. ^1 Boulenger GA. 1894. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xi + 382 pp. + Plates I.- XX. ("Coluber catenifer", pp. 67-68.) 6. ^{{cite web|last=Hiatt|first=S|title=The Pituophis Page|url=http://www.kingsnake.com/pituophis/care_group7.html|accessdate=7 December 2012}} Further reading
External links{{Wikispecies-inline}}
11 : Pituophis|Snakes of North America|Reptiles of Mexico|Reptiles of the United States|Fauna of the Western United States|Fauna of Northern Mexico|Fauna of California|Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands|Fauna of the San Francisco Bay Area|Reptiles described in 1835|Taxa named by Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville |
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