| 词条 | Chokecherry and Sierra Madre Wind Energy Project |
| 释义 |
| topic = |align=right | image1 =Area map | image2 =Wind resource map at 80m above ground }} The Chokecherry and Sierra Madre Wind Energy Project is the largest proposed commercial wind generation facility in North America. HistoryPower Company of Wyoming (PCW) began planning around 2005 for approximately 1,000 wind turbines on lands owned by The Overland Trail Ranch,[1] located south of Rawlins, Wyoming, in Carbon County; a former coal mining area.[2]In 2007, Power Company of Wyoming installed 10 test turbines to test and verify the wind resources in the proposed area.[3] ProjectThe project is proposed to generate 2,000 to 3,000 megawatts (MW) of electricity and construction may take 3–4 years with a project life estimate of 30 years.[4][5][6][7] While winds in Texas and Iowa often blow at night, wind grows during the day in Wyoming, corresponding with consumption. The wind is Class 7,[8] and the wind capacity factor is around 46%.[9] Construction of the wind farm's first phase could start in 2016 with completion in 2017-2019 for phase I, and 2022-2023 for phase II.[9] The first phase of 1,500 MW is expected to yield 6 TWh per year.[10] Erecting the turbines would be difficult in daytime winds, and PCW plans to set them up at night. The turbines are to be brought on site by a new rail spur, and then distributed by 500 miles of new construction roads.[8] EconomyImpact Assistance to the local communities is expected to be $53 million, most of it to Carbon. Tax revenue could be $780 million.[11][12] During construction, 400 workers would be employed on average, but peaking at 900. After construction, 114 people would be permanently employed.[13] The associated 3,000 MW HVDC TransWest Express Transmission Line (also owned by PCW) from the area to Las Vegas (730 miles)[14] is expected by NREL analysts save $500 million to around $1 billion per year for Californian consumers, compared to Californian alternatives.[15][16][8] The TWE received approvals in December 2016/January 2017.[17][18] Wyoming is the only US state to tax wind power. A tax increase may impact the economy of the project.[19][20][21] Regulatory processPCW applied to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in 2008 to build the $5 billion project, which was initially approved in 2012,[22] and a second approval came in March 2016.[10] There are many different approvals to apply for, and the BLM struggled to build a regulatory system capable of handling the many new large solar and wind projects on federal lands.[23] In April 2016, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service released a draft environmental impact statement on the project for 60 days of public comment.[24][25] BLM and FWS provided partial approvals in January 2017.[26][27] EnvironmentThe area is sensitive for sage-grouse. Up to 50 biologists have tagged 370 grouse since 2010, researching their behavior around the area. A team researches golden eagles, as an "eagle take" permit is necessary. The research is to be continued during construction and operation of the wind farm so as to be compared with the condition prior to construction. The $3 million research project is paid by PCW.[8] The Bureau of Land Management estimated 40-64 eagles per year for 1.000 turbines, whereas the Fish and Wildlife Service estimates 10-16 for 500 turbines.[28] References1. ^The Overland Trail Ranch 2. ^{{cite book | last = Urbanek | first = Mae | title = Wyoming Place Names | publisher = Mountain Press Publishing Company |location= Missoula, MT | year = 1988 | isbn = 0-87842-204-8}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://trib.com/business/energy/intensive-work-begins-on-wyoming-wind-power-mega-project/article_b5231a49-4b54-5b79-9ba1-1ec5cbee6058.html |title=Intensive work begins on Wyoming wind power mega-project|author=Adam Voge |date=28 May 2013|work=Casper Star-Tribune Online}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.blm.gov/wy/st/en/info/news_room/2011/july/22rfo-ccsm.html |title=Chokecherry/Sierra Madre Wind Energy Comment Period Opens |author=Bureau of Land Management |date=2011-07-22 |work= }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://cleantechnica.com/2015/07/07/billionaire-way-building-largest-wind-farm-north-america-not-warren-buffett/ |title=Billionare Building Largest Wind Farm in North America |author= Tina Casey |work=CleanTechnica |date=7 July 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1318513/wyoming-wind-long-trail-west |title=Wyoming wind on the long trail west |author= Ros Davidson |date=1 November 2014 |work=Windpower Monthly}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://trib.com/business/energy/will-california-s-renewable-energy-mandate-benefit-the-chokecherry-sierra/article_8f140a9a-cdd9-55eb-a69c-0a3ce44f9b70.html |author= Benjamin Storrow |title=Will California's renewable energy mandate benefit the Chokecherry Sierra Madre wind farm? |date=25 July 2015|work=Casper Star-Tribune Online}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=https://psmag.com/how-a-conservative-billionaire-is-moving-heaven-and-earth-to-become-the-biggest-alternative-energy-24e2663a0d66 |title=How a Conservative Billionaire Is Moving Heaven and Earth to Become the Biggest Alternative Energy Giant in the Country |author=Gabriel Kahn|work=Pacific Standard |date=29 June 2015|accessdate=19 April 2016 |quote=[Most wind power in these places is generated at night, when the winds blow the hardest; that's the time, of course, when people need it the least. But along the ridges of the Overland Trail Ranch are some of the only Class 7 winds in the nation. What's more, the wind on the ranch starts up in the morning and gains force throughout the day, just when people are firing up their air conditioners and dishwashers.] [..take wind-generated electricity straight from Wyoming across Colorado, Utah, and Nevada and dump it into a substation on the California-Nevada border — a location that technically was part of the California grid] }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1346157/analysis-mega-projects-big-hope-us-wind |title=Analysis: Mega-projects, the big hope of US wind|work=Windpower Monthly}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.powercompanyofwyoming.com/news/alerts/2016/030916-blm-environmental-assessment.shtml |title=BLM issues Environmental Assessment for Phase I Wind Turbine Development for the CCSM Project|publisher=}} 11. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.laramieboomerang.com/news/counties-negotiate-chokecherry-wind-energy-project-impact-funds/article_9a989b53-1d12-59c7-9b5e-4d18ce4e537f.html |title=Counties negotiate Chokecherry wind energy project impact funds|work=Laramie Boomerang |date=12 June 2014}} 12. ^BLM report moves Chokecherry closer to reality Rawlins Times, 10 March 2016 13. ^The tale of the magic wind farm fairy Rawlins Times, 12 March 2016 14. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.transwestexpress.net/ |title=TransWest Express Transmission Project: Delivering Wyoming Wind Energy|publisher=TransWest Express}} 15. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.natlawreview.com/article/favorable-winds-continue-to-blow-transwest-express-transmission-project |title=Favorable Winds Continue to Blow for TransWest Express Transmission Project|work=The National Law Review |author=Thomas J. Dougherty|date=30 March 2014|accessdate=19 April 2016}} 16. ^1 D. Corbus, D. Hurlbut, P. Schwabe, E. Ibanez, M. Milligan, G. Brinkman, A. Paduru, V. Diakov, and M. Hand. "California-Wyoming Grid Integration Study", page vi-xii. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, March 2014. NREL/TP-6A20-61192 17. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.globaltransmission.info/archive.php?id=28400 |title=Global Transmission Report : TransWest Express Project, US|publisher= |date=6 January 2017|accessdate=22 January 2017}} 18. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.rawlinstimes.com/news/environmental-analysis-concludes-for-transwest/ |title=Environmental analysis concludes for TransWest|date=18 January 2017|work=Rawlins Times|accessdate=22 January 2017|quote=This closes out that overall environmental process}} 19. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.nawindpower.com/online/issues/NAW1606/FEAT_01_In-Wyoming-The-Tax-Man-Cometh-For-More.html |title=In Wyoming, The Tax Man Cometh For More|author=Marc Del Franco|publisher=|accessdate=11 June 2016}} 20. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.dailyranger.com/story.php?story_id=23213&headline=wind-tax-proposal-complicates-huge-wyo-plan |title=Wind tax proposal complicates huge Wyo plan|publisher=|accessdate=11 June 2016}} 21. ^http://www.rawlinstimes.com/news/2016/06/increased-wind-taxes-are-a-bad-joke/ 22. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/energy/blogs/us-approves-huge-wind-farm-in-wyoming |title=U.S. approves huge wind farm in Wyoming|work=MNN - Mother Nature Network}} 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_29238587/bureaucratic-gauntlet-stalls-renewable-energy-development-blm-land |title=Bureaucratic gauntlet stalls renewable energy development on BLM land |author=Elizabeth Shogren |date=13 December 2015|publisher=High Country News}} 24. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/pressrel/2016/04202016_Public-Comment-Sought-on-Draft-Environmental-Impact-Statement-Evaluating-Impacts-from-Proposed-Chokecherry-and-Sierra-Madre-Phase-I-Wind-Energy-Project.php |title=Public Comment Sought on Draft Environmental Impact Statement Evaluating Impacts from Proposed Chokecherry and Sierra Madre Phase I Wind Energy Project|author=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Mountain-Prairie Region|publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service|accessdate=21 April 2016}} 25. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/wind/ChokecherrySierraMadre/index.php |title=Wind Energy: Chokecherry Sierra Madre Phase I Project|publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service|accessdate=21 April 2016}} 26. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.utilitydive.com/news/feds-approve-1st-phase-of-largest-us-wind-project-in-wyoming/434342/ |title=Feds approve 1st phase of largest US wind project in Wyoming|date=19 January 2017|work=Utility Dive|accessdate=22 January 2017}} 27. ^{{cite web |url= https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2017-01346.pdf |title=Decision for Eagle Take Permits for the Chokecherry and Sierra Madre Phase I Wind Energy Project |last= |first= |date=19 January 2017 |website= |publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service |access-date=22 January 2017 |quote=The Service identified the proposed action (Alternative 1) as the preferred alternative.}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/apr/20/federal-eagle-take-permit-weighed-for-huge-wyoming/ |title=Federal eagle take permit weighed for huge Wyoming wind farm|work=The Washingtion Times|accessdate=21 April 2016}} External links
1 : Wind power Wyoming |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。