| 词条 | Chop chord |
| 释义 |
In music, a chop chord is a "clipped backbeat".[3][4] In {{music|time|4|4}}: 1 2 3 4. It is a muted chord that marks the off-beats or upbeats.[5] As a rhythm guitar and mandolin technique, it is accomplished through chucking, in which the chord is muted by lifting the fretting fingers immediately after strumming, producing a percussive effect. {{quote|The chop is analogous to a snare drum beat and keeps the rhythm together and moving. It's one of the innovations bluegrass inventor Bill Monroe pioneered, and it gave the music a harder groove and separated it from old-time and mountain music.|Bruce Dix[6]}}Traditional bluegrass bands typically do not have a drummer, and the timekeeping role is shared between several instruments. The upright bass generally plays the on-beats, while the banjo keeps a steady eighth-note rhythm. The mandolin plays chop chords on the off-beats or upbeats.[7] (see: boom-chick) By partially relaxing the fingers of the left hand soon after strumming, the strings are allowed to rise off the frets, and their oscillations are damped by the fingers. All strings are stopped or fingered, open strings are not played in chop chords. GuitarThe "chuck" usually consists of a downward strum on the up beat notes. Alternatively, the bass note can be played and allowed to ring, with the remainder of the chord being "chucked" on the up beat.[8] This technique is usually used in a rhythmically simple manner, such as chucking on every beat, or bass notes on down beats and chucking on up beats.[9] Freddie Green and Django Reinhardt are known for this technique.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} MandolinMandolin "chunks", or more commonly known as "chops", rarely include a down-beat strum. When a mandolin is playing rhythm it is most often in conjunction with other instruments, such as guitar and bass, which produce the main beat. The mandolin contributes to the rhythm by producing a sharp "chunk" on the upbeat notes.[10] This is particularly common when playing bluegrass music. According to Andy Statman, "the mandolin can drive and push the band in the same way (as) a snare drum."[11] FiddleThe chop was introduced to fiddle playing by Richard Greene in the 1960s.[12] See also
References1. ^"Introduction to the 'Chop'", Anger, Darol. Strad (0039-2049); 10/01/2006, Vol. 117 Issue 1398, p72-75. {{Guitar techniques}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chop chord}}2. ^Horne, Greg (2004). Beginning Mandolin: The Complete Mandolin Method, p.61. Alfred. {{ISBN|9780739034712}}. 3. ^Bruce, Dix (2013). Parking Lot Picker's Play-Along Guitar, p.14. Mel Bay. {{ISBN|9781619114463}}. 4. ^Bruce, Dix (2010). Getting Into Bluegrass Mandolin, p.18. Mel Bay. {{ISBN|9781610651196}}. 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mandolincafe.com/glossary/glossary_12.shtml |title=Mandolin Glossary: Chop Chord |website=MandolinCafe.com |accessdate=24 March 2014}} 6. ^Bruce (2013), p.16. 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mandolessons.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/b7chop-chords-pdf.pdf |title=Chop Chords |year=2010 |website=MandolinLessons.com |accessdate=24 March 2014}} 8. ^Dziuba, Mark (1997). [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0882848496books.google.ca/books?isbn=0882848496 Blues Guitar], {{Page needed|date=August 2014}}. Alfred Music Publishing. {{ISBN|9780882848495}}. 9. ^Parker, Bo. "Western Swing", Museweb.com. {{self-published-inline|date=August 2014}} 10. ^"Bluegrass Instruments: Mandolins", PlayBetterBluegrass.com. Accessed August 7, 2014.{{self-published-inline|date=August 2014}} 11. ^Statman, Andy (1978). Teach Yourself Bluegrass Mandolin, {{Page needed|date=August 2014}}. Amsco Music Company, New York. {{ISBN|9780825603266}}. 12. ^How A Sore Wrist And A Fondness For 'Noise' Forever Changed The Way The Violin Is Played 3 : Bluegrass music|Folk music|String performance techniques |
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