| 词条 | Christ and the Virgin Diptych | |||
| 释义 |
| align = right | direction = horizontal | header = | header_align = left/right/center | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = left/right/center | footer_background = | image1 = Workshop of Dirk Bouts - Mater Dolorosa NG 711.jpg | width1 = 218 | caption1 =Mater Dolorosa. Workshop of Dieric Bouts, c 1470–75. 36.8 x 27.8 cm. National Gallery, London. | image2 = Wokshop of Dirk Bourt - Christ crowned with Thorns NG 712.jpg | width2 = 218 | caption2 = Christ Crowned with Thorns. Workshop of Dieric Bouts, c 1470–75. 36.8 x 27.8 cm. National Gallery, London. }} The Christ and the Virgin Diptych consisted of two small oil on oak panel paintings by the Early Netherlandish painter Dirk Bouts (also called Dieric Bouts) completed c. 1470–75. Originally they formed the wings of a hinged devotional diptych. The original autograph diptych is lost, although numerous versions of generally rather poor quality survive including a near identical diptych in the Louvre and a similar diptych in Toronto. Other versions of each panel survive. The best versions of the Mater Dolorosa are in the Art Institute of Chicago and in the Weissberger collection at Madrid. The Chicago version was probably painted by Bout's son Dieric Bouts the Younger, about whom nothing is known.[1] A good version of the Christ is in the collection of the Duchess of Osuna at Seville. At least ten other versions are known, including one from the workshop of Dirk Bouts in the National Gallery, London.[2][3] Although devotional diptychs were common in mid-15th century northern art, they typically, following the innovations of the highly commercially successful Rogier van der Weyden - whom Bouts was known to have been influenced by - showed a saint paired with a donor. This example is unusual in that both wings depict members of the holy family. DescriptionBouts depicts the Virgin Mary as the "Mater Dolorosa" (Our Lady of Sorrows). She is shown with reddened eyes full of tears that spill down her cheeks. Her head bowed in grief,[4] and although she looks outwards, her expression is reflective and introspective. Her eyes - like those of Christ on the right panel - are coyly and dignifiedly averted away from the viewer. Hers are downcast, his equally tear reddened eyes gaze to his right.[5] In comparison to the passionate and expressively rendered depictions of Mary's suffering in the art of Bouts' near contemporaries Jan van Eyck or Rogier van der Weyden,[6] here, Mary's grief is highly restrained and, according to art historian Joseph Van der Elst, all the more "appealing and deeply moving. She is timeless like human suffering."[7] Christ is shown in suffering and in pain, reflecting one of two broad styles of single portrait representation popular in the mid to later 15th century, both of which showed his head in either near close up isolation, in half length.[8] The representation of Christ in the "Holy Face" format dates back to Byzantine Icons and the motif was popularised again by Robert Campin and the lost van Eyck frontal representation of Christ known through a copy in the Staatliche Preussischer Kulturbesitz Museen, Berlin.[9] The second popular means of presenting the heads of Christ, that of the "Man of Sorrows", or "Dead Christ", dates from Roman imagery and is usually less formal, less strictly frontal than Holy Face representations, and focuses on the suffering and passion of the biblical tales.[10] Perhaps the most notable example of the latter is Geertgen tot Sint Jans's Man of Sorrows c. 1485-95. Bouts' earlier right hand panel is similarly typical, showing Christ bleeding at the forehead from incisions made by the Crown of Thorns. A [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dirk_Bouts_Christ_Crowned_With_Thorns.jpg very similar c 1470 work] attributed to Bouts, is comparable in composition, colorisation and tone, and is today in the London National Gallery.[11] In this work Bouts shifts the emphasis and presents both Christ and Mary in the tradition, with Mary now presented as the Woman of Sorrow".[7] GalleryNotes1. ^{{cite web|title=Mater Dolorosa (Sorrowing Virgin), 1480/1500|url=http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/110673|publisher=Art Institute of Chicago|accessdate=17 September 2013}} 2. ^"Christ Crowned with Thorns". National Gallery, London. Retrieved 6 August 2012 3. ^Campbell, p. 63 4. ^Wolff, 113 5. ^Wolff, 114 6. ^See van der Weyden's c 1435–38 Descent from the Cross, or van Eyck's c 1440 Crucifixion and Last Judgement diptych. Van der Elst, 79 7. ^1 Van der Elst, 79 8. ^Wolff, 119 9. ^Wolff, 118 10. ^Wolff, 117 11. ^"Christ Crowned with Thorns". National Gallery, London. Retrieved 6 August 2012 Sources
7 : 1470s paintings|Paintings by Dirk Bouts|Paintings of the Art Institute of Chicago|Diptychs|Paintings depicting Jesus|Paintings of the Virgin Mary|Collections of the National Gallery, London |
|||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。