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词条 Chromophobia
释义

  1. Terminology

  2. Overview

  3. See also

  4. References

{{other uses}}Chromophobia (also known as chromatophobia[1] or chrematophobia[2]) is a persistent, irrational fear of, or aversion to, colors and is usually a conditioned response.[2] While actual clinical phobias to color are rare, colors can elicit hormonal responses and psychological reactions.[3]

Chromophobia may also refer to an aversion of use of color in products or design.[4] Within cellular biology, "chromophobic" cells are a classification of cells that do not attract hematoxylin,[5] and is related to chromatolysis.[6]

Terminology

Names exist that mean fear of specific colors such as erythrophobia for the fear of red, xanthophobia for the fear of yellow and leukophobia for the fear of white.[2] A fear of the color red may be associated with a fear of blood.[2]

Overview

In his book Chromophobia published in 2000, David Batchelor says that in Western culture, color has often been treated as corrupting, foreign or superficial.[7] Michael Taussig states that the cultural aversion to color can be traced back a thousand years,[8] with Batchelor stating that it can be traced back to Aristotle's privileging of line over color.[9]

In a study, hatchling Loggerhead sea turtles were found to have an aversion to lights in the yellow wave spectrum which is thought to be a characteristic that helps orient themselves toward the ocean.[10][11] The Mediterranean sand smelt, Atherina hepsetus, has shown an aversion to red objects placed next to a tank while it will investigate objects of other colors.[12] In other experiments, geese have been conditioned to have adverse reactions to foods of a particular color, although the reaction was not observed in reaction to colored water.[13]

The title character in Alfred Hitchcock's Marnie has an aversion to the color red caused by a trauma during her childhood[14] which Hitchcock presents through expressionistic techniques, such as a wash of red coloring a close up of Marnie.[15]

The term colorphobia can also be used refer to its literal etymological origin to refer to an apprehension towards image processing on one's vision and its visual perceptual property.[16] However, the term's association with a racial component has been used by public figures such as Frederick Douglass.[17]

Leukophobia often takes the form of a fixation on pale skin. Those with the phobia may make implausible assumptions such as paleness necessarily representing ill health or a ghost.[18] In other cases, leukophobia is directed more towards the symbolic meaning of whiteness, for instance in individuals who associate the color white with chastity and are opposed to or fear chastity.[19] In Paul Beatty's novel Slumberland, leukophobia refers to racism.[20]

See also

  • List of phobias

References

1. ^{{cite book|last=Campbell|first=Robert Jean|title=Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kpIs03n1hxkC&pg=PA186|accessdate=22 August 2014|year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195341591|pages=186–}}
2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Doctor|first1=Ronald M.|last2=Kahn|first2=Ada P.|last3=Adamec|first3=Christine|title=The Encyclopedia of Phobias, Fears, and Anxieties, Third Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2imSyZZDh0C&pg=PA146|accessdate=22 August 2014|date=2009-01-01|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9781438120980|pages=146–}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Ph.D.|first=Gregory Korgeski,|title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Phobias|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=guzoz2vF1SoC&pg=PT232|accessdate=23 August 2014|date=2009-11-03|publisher=DK Publishing|isbn=9781101149546|pages=232–}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Bleicher|first=Steven|title=Contemporary Color Theory and Use|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgbI5pPyIsYC&pg=PA17|accessdate=22 August 2014|year=2005|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=9781401837402|pages=17–}}
5. ^{{cite book|last=Cajal|first=Santiago R.y|title=Texture of the Nervous System of Man and the Vertebrates: I|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXReIORc2AkC&pg=PA185|accessdate=22 August 2014|date=1999-03-02|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9783211830574|pages=185–}}
6. ^{{cite book|title=Acta Physiologica Scandinavica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lSk2AQAAIAAJ|year=1950}}
7. ^{{cite book|last=Galt|first=Rosalind|title=Pretty: Film and the Decorative Image|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQrLoj3WcEAC&pg=PA44|accessdate=22 August 2014|year=2011|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=9780231153478|pages=44–}}
8. ^{{cite book|last=Taussig|first=Michael|title=What Color Is the Sacred?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o2rZRWxejmQC|accessdate=22 August 2014|date=2009-05-01|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226790060}}
9. ^{{cite book|last=Ratliff|first=Jonathan|title=The Exploration of Color Theory in Museum Education Using Works Found in the J. B. Speed Museum's Collection|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3SCzxk3PVEC|accessdate=22 August 2014|year=2009|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=9781109300321}}
10. ^{{cite journal|last1=Witherington |first1=Blair E |last2=Bjorndal |first2=Karen A |jstor=1446101 |title=Influences of wavelength and intensity on hatchling sea turtle phototaxis: implications for sea-finding behavior |journal=Copeia |volume=1991 |issue=4 |year=1991 |pages=1060–1069 |publisher=American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists|doi=10.2307/1446101}}
11. ^{{cite book|title=Florida Marine Research Institute Technical Reports|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TtFJAAAAYAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Florida Marine Research Institute}}
12. ^{{cite book|title=Psychological Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIK3AAAAIAAJ|year=1911|publisher=American Psychological Association}}
13. ^{{cite book|last1=Commons|first1=Michael L.|last2=Herrnstein|first2=Richard J.|last3=Wagner|first3=Allan R.|title=Acquisition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rXdRAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=23 August 2014|year=1982|publisher=Ballinger Publishing Company|isbn=9780884107408}}
14. ^{{cite book|last1=Stromgren|first1=Richard L.|last2=Norden|first2=Martin F.|title=Movies, a language in light|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s3hZAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=23 August 2014|date=July 1984|publisher=Prentice-Hall|isbn=9780136043072}}
15. ^{{cite book|last1=Raubicheck|first1=Walter|last2=Srebnick|first2=Walter|title=Scripting Hitchcock: Psycho, The Birds, and Marnie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xW6kxB-nXSUC&pg=PA53|accessdate=23 August 2014|year=2011|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=9780252036484|pages=53–}}
16. ^{{cite book|last1=Harper|first1=Molly|title=Nice Girls Don't Live Forever|date=2009}}
17. ^{{cite book|last1=Stephens|first1=Gregory|title=On Racial Frontiers|date=1999|page=1}}
18. ^{{cite book |title=An Excess of Phobias and Manias: A Compilation of Anxieties, Obsessions, and Compulsions that Push Many Over the Edge of Sanity |page=114 |first=John G. |last=Robertson |location=Los Angeles |publisher=Senior Scribe |year=2003 |isbn=9780963091925 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4PgawVAzB8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=An+Excess+of+Phobias+and+Manias#v=onepage&q=leukophobia }}
19. ^{{cite book|last=Adamec|first=Christine|title=The Encyclopedia of Phobias, Fears, and Anxieties |edition=3rd |year=2009|page=509}}
20. ^{{cite book |title=Slumberland |page=185 |first=Paul |last=Beatty |location=New York |publisher=Bloomsbury USA |year=2008 |isbn=9781596912403 }}
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2 : Color|Phobias
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