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词条 Chungsan concentration camp
释义

  1. Location

  2. Description

  3. Human rights situation

  4. Prisoners (witnesses)

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox Korean name
|context=north
|hangul=증산 제11호교화소
|hanja={{linktext|甑|山|第|十|一|號|敎|化|所|}}
|rr=Jeungsan Je11ho Gyohwaso
|mr= Chŭngsan Che11ho Kyohwaso
|othername1=
|hangul1=증산 정치범 수용소
|hanja1={{linktext|甑|山|政|治|犯|收|容|所|}}
|rr1= Jeungsan Jeongchibeom Suyongso
|mr1= Chŭngsan Chŏngch'ibŏm Suyongso
}}{{Human Rights in North Korea|expanded=all}}

Chungsan concentration camp (also spelled Jeungsan, Jungsan or Joongsan) is a reeducation camp in North Korea. Its official name is Kyo-hwa-so No. 11 (Reeducation camp no. 11).

Location

The camp is in Chungsan county, in South Pyongan province of North Korea. It is in the Yellow Sea coast, around {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Pyongyang.[1]

Description

{{location map+|North Korea|caption = Location of Chungsan camp in North Korea |width=|float=left|places={{location map~|North Korea|label= Chungsan | position=top| lat=39.1 | long=125.37|region=KP-02 }}{{location map~|North Korea|label=Pyongyang|position=right|lat=39.063457|long=125.789200|region=KP-01|mark=Blue pog.svg}}}}

Chungsan camp is a sprawling largely women's penitentiary with between 3,300[2] and 5,000 prisoners.[1] Since 1999 the camp is used to detain female defectors,[3] which account for 50–60% of the prisoners, while others are incarcerated for theft, prostitution, unauthorized trade, etc.[2] The camp is surrounded by agricultural plots, where the prisoners have to grow rice and corn[4] for delivery to the Ministry of Public Security.[1]

Human rights situation

The food rations are very small. According to a former prisoner, one third of the prisoners died from combinations of malnutrition, disease, and forced labor within a year.[1] Dead prisoners are buried in mass graves on a nearby hill.[3][5] She reported that the prisoners were often beaten with iron bars, if they did not work hard enough.[1] She got very ill, because her wounds from the beatings got infected.

In interviews other former prisoners reported about

  • solitary confinement cells,[6]
  • hard work in farming, from 4 a.m. to 7 or 8 p.m. in the farming season,[7]
  • a strict system of control and surveillance,[8]
  • public executions,[9][10]
  • violent beatings in cases of rule violations.[11]

Prisoners (witnesses)

  • Kim Miran (around 2002–2004 in Chungsan) was repatriated from China for illegal border-crossing.[10]
  • An unidentified former prisoner (female, 2004–2005 in Chungsan) gave testimony to HRNK about the camp. She was repatriated from China and imprisoned without a trial for illegal border crossing.[1]
  • Ten other unidentified former prisoners (all female) were interviewed by the Database Center for North Korean Human Rights. Most of them do not want to be identified for fear that their relatives in North Korea are punished.[12]

See also

  • Human rights in North Korea
  • Kaechon concentration camp
  • North Korean defectors

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web | title= The Hidden Gulag – Exposing Crimes against Humanity in North Korea’s Vast Prison System (p. 91 - 93)| work= The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea | url= http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf| accessdate= September 14, 2012}}
2. ^1 {{cite web| title= Forced Labour in North Korean Prison Camps |pages=43–45 |work=Anti-Slavery International |date=2007 |url=http://www.antislavery.org/includes/documents/cm_docs/2009/n/nk_2007.pdf |access-date=April 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529190540/http://www.antislavery.org/includes/documents/cm_docs/2009/n/nk_2007.pdf |archive-date= May 29, 2014}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/03/23/2010032300364.html |title=N.Korea's Worst Concentration Camp Exposed |publisher=Chosun Ilbo |date=March 23, 2010 |accessdate= April 26, 2012}}
4. ^{{citation |title=Prisoners in North Korea Today |chapter=6.2.3 Working facilities and production |pages=384–386 |publisher=Database Center for North Korean Human Rights |date=July 15, 2011 |url=http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |access-date=May 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305151841/http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2014}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.donga.com/Politics/New/3/00/20120307/44578877/1 |title=수잰 숄티가 번역한 주성하 기자의 기사 (Congress Hearing March 5, 2012; section 2 Kkot Dong San) |publisher=Dong-A Ilbo |date=March 7, 2012 |accessdate= April 26, 2012}}
6. ^{{citation |title=Prisoners in North Korea Today |chapter=6.2.4 Solitary Confinement |pages=391–395 |publisher=Database Center for North Korean Human Rights |date=July 15, 2011 |url=http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |access-date=May 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305151841/http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2014}}
7. ^{{citation |title=Prisoners in North Korea Today |chapter=6.3.5 Life in Prison |pages=407–413 |publisher=Database Center for North Korean Human Rights |date=July 15, 2011 |url=http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |access-date=May 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305151841/http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2014}}
8. ^{{citation |title=Prisoners in North Korea Today |chapter=6.4.3 Security |pages=431–436 |publisher=Database Center for North Korean Human Rights |date=July 15, 2011 |url=http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |access-date=May 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305151841/http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2014}}
9. ^{{citation |title=Prisoners in North Korea Today |chapter=6.5.1 Public and Non-Public Executions |pages=437–438 |publisher=Database Center for North Korean Human Rights |date=July 15, 2011 |url=http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |access-date=May 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305151841/http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2014}}
10. ^1 {{cite web | title= A Report on a Survey of Torture on North Korean Defectors Deported Back to North Korea| work= No Fence| url= http://nofence.netlive.ne.jp/english/images/report_E.pdf | accessdate=May 11, 2012}}
11. ^{{citation |title=Prisoners in North Korea Today |chapter=6.5.3 Torture and Violence |pages=440–444 |publisher=Database Center for North Korean Human Rights |date=July 15, 2011 |url=http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |access-date=May 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305151841/http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2014}}
12. ^{{cite web | title= Prisoners in North Korea Today | work= Database Center for North Korean Human Rights | date= July 15, 2011 | url= http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf | accessdate= May 11, 2012 | deadurl= yes | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140305151841/http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf | archivedate= March 5, 2014 | df= }}

External links

  • Committee for Human Rights in North Korea: The Hidden Gulag - Overview of North Korean prison camps with testimonies and satellite photographs
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20140305151841/http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Prisoners_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf Database Center for North Korean Human Rights: Prisoners in North Korea Today] - Comprehensive explanation of detention facilities in North Korea based on numerous defector testimonies
{{Reeducation camps of North Korea}}{{coord missing|North Korea}}

1 : Concentration camps in North Korea
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