“CIFA (computer)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

CIFA is the acronym for "Calculatorul Institutului de Fizică Atomică" ({{lang-en|Computer of Atomic Physics Institute}}).

CIFA-1, the first Romanian computer, was built in 1957 under the guidance of Victor Toma.^[1] The experimental first-generation model CIFA-1 was reproduced in small numbers both in the original variant with vacuum tubes as well as in two variants using transistors: CIFA-10X and CET 500.^[2]

CIFA-1 made Romania the second socialist country (after USSR) and eighth overall to build an electronic computer.^[3]^[4]

CIFA-1

The logic designs for CIFA-1 started in 1953, at the Academy Physics Institute in Măgurele, with Victor Toma as the head of the project.^[1]^[3] It was presented at the International Symposium in Dresden in 1955, and the prototype, which used 1500 vacuum tubes, a cylindrical magnet memory and machine code programming, was finished in 1957. Its size was that of three wardrobes, it had a paper tape input and a typewriter output and was able of solving 50 operations per second.^[5]^[6]

CIFA-1 was in use for two years. After it was decommissioned, it was scrapped and no part of it survived today.^[6]^[7]

Later computers

Later CIFA computers were CIFA-2 (800 vacuum tubes) in 1959, CIFA-3 (for the Bucharest University's Computer Center) in 1961 and CIFA-4 in 1962.^[1] Other Romanian computers of the era are MECIPT and CETA at the Polytechnic Institute of Timișoara, MARICA, DACICC-1 and DACICC-200 at the T. Popoviciu Institute of Numerical Analysis, Cluj-Napoca.^[2]^[3]^[5]^[8]

CIFA Computer Characteristics

References

1. ^¹²{{Cite journal|last=Vințan|first=Lucian N.|date=August 2007|title=Maeştri ai ingineriei calculatoarelor. Pagini de istorie|url=http://webspace.ulbsibiu.ro/lucian.vintan/html/Masters.pdf|journal=Univers ingineresc|volume=16 (Year XVIII)|issue=398|pages=|via=}}
2. ^¹{{Cite news|url=http://www.marketwatch.ro/articol/13182/Scurta_istorie_a_informaticii_romanesti_(1957-1990)/|title=Scurtă istorie a informaticii românești (1957-1990)|last=Sandu|first=Luiza|date=11 June 2014|work=Market Watch|access-date=6 March 2019|issue=165}}
3. ^¹²³{{Cite journal|last=Drăgănescu|first=Mihai|date=2001|title=Realizarea de calculatoare şi reţele de calculatoare în România (1953-1985)|url=http://www.scritub.com/stiinta/informatica/Realizarea-de-calculatoare-si-155208918.php|journal=Academica|volume=November - December 2001|pages=43 - 45|via=}}
4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Drăgănescu|first=Mihai|date=September 2002|title=Perspectivele societăţii cunoaşterii în România|url=http://www.racai.ro/media/AGIR2.pdf|journal=Communication at the Fifth Scientific Symposium of the Romanian Engineers from Everywhere|volume=|pages=|via=}}
5. ^¹²{{Cite journal|last=Baltac|first=Vasile|last2=Gligor|first2=Horia|date=19 September 2014|title=Some Key Aspects in the History of Computing in Romania|url=http://www.scholze-simmel.at/starbus/ws8/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Romania_History_of_Computing.pdf|journal=Presentation at the 8th IT STAR WS on History of Computing in Szeged|volume=|pages=|via=}}
6. ^¹{{Cite news|url=https://romanialibera.ro/special/reportaje/tatal-calculatoarelor-din-tarile-socialiste-100925|title=Tatăl calculatoarelor din țările socialiste|last=Lovin|first=Tiberiu|date=13 July 2007|work=România Liberă|access-date=6 March 2019}}
7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.libertatea.ro/stiri/originile-ul-romanesc-cel-mai-performant-sector-al-economiei-de-azi-1482835|title=Originile IT-ul românesc, cel mai performant sector al economiei de azi. Primele calculatoare românești aveau 30 km de cabluri|last=Păvălașc|first=Marian|date=16 May 2016|work=Libertatea|access-date=6 March 2019}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://ictp.acad.ro/ro/istoric/|title=Istoricul Institutului de Calcul: Fondarea analizei numerice din România, contribuţii la fondarea informaticii din România|last=Cătinaș|first=Emil|date=30 November 2018|website=Romanian Academy: Tiberiu Popoviciu Institute of Numerical Analysis|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=6 March 2019}}