“Pleiku”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Pleiku

释义

History
First Indochina War Second Indochina War
Climate
References
External links

{{Infobox settlement
|name = Pleiku
|official_name = Pleiku City
|other_name = Pờ-lây-cu
|native_name = Thành phố Pleiku
|nickname =
|settlement_type = City (Class-2)
|total_type =
|motto =
|image_skyline = Pleiku2.JPG
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption = View from the roof of Hoàng Anh Gia Lai hotel
|image_flag =
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|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_blank_emblem =
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|image_map = Pleiku District.png
|mapsize = 300px
|map_caption = Location in Gia Lai Province
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
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|image_dot_map =
|dot_mapsize =
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|dot_x = |dot_y =
|pushpin_map =Vietnam
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_caption =Location of in Vietnam
|pushpin_mapsize =300
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}}
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = Gia Lai
|subdivision_type2 =
|subdivision_name2 =
|seat_type =
|seat =
|government_footnotes =
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|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =266.62
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
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|elevation_footnotes = ^[1]
|elevation_m = 740
|elevation_ft = 2420
|elevation_max_m =
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|elevation_min_m =
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|population_as_of =09/2018
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total =250,972
|population_density_km2 =941
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_urban = 218,765
|timezone =
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|blank_name = Climate
|blank_info = Aw
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|coordinates = {{coord|13|59|N|108|0|E|region:VN|display=inline}}
}}

Pleiku is a city in central Vietnam, located in that nation's central highland region. It is the capital of the Gia Lai Province; Many years ago, it was inhabited primarily by the Bahnar and Jarai ethnic groups, sometimes known as the Montagnards or Degar. But now, it is inhabited primarily by Kinh ethnic group. The town is the centre of the urban district of Pleiku which covers an area of 261 km².

As of 2003 the district had a population of 186,763.^[2] The city sits at the junction of several national roads—National Route 14 to Kon Tum in the north and Buôn Ma Thuột in the south and National Route 19 to Stœng Trêng in Cambodia in the west (via Ratanakiri Province) and to Bình Định Province in the east. The city is home to the Hoàng Anh Gia Lai football club. Pleiku is served by Pleiku Airport in the near outskirts of the city.

History

First Indochina War

At the end of the First Indochina War, in June 1954, the French Army Groupe Mobile 100 was ordered to fall back from An Khê to Pleiku and then to reopen Route Coloniale 14 between Pleiku and Buôn Ma Thuột. This led to the last battle of the war: the Battle of Mang Yang Pass

Second Indochina War

Pleiku was strategically important during the Vietnam War because it was the primary terminus of the military supply logistics corridor extending westwards along Highway 19 from the coastal population center and port facilities of Qui Nhơn. Additionally, its central location on the plateau, between Kon Tum in the north, Buôn Ma Thuột to the south, and the North Vietnamese Army's base areas inside Cambodia to the west made Pleiku the main center of defense of the entire highland region of the Republic of Vietnam. This was obvious to both sides; the United States established an armed presence very early in the conflict at Camp Holloway, and the Việt Cộng attack on this base in early 1965 was one of the key escalating events that brought U.S. troops into the conflict.^[3]

On 15 June 1972, Cathay Pacific Flight 700Z, operating a Convair 880 (VR-HFZ) from Bangkok to Hong Kong, disintegrated and crashed while the aircraft was flying at 29,000 feet (8,800 m) over Pleiku, Vietnam after a bomb exploded in a suitcase placed under a seat in the cabin, killing all 81 people on board.

After the fall of Buôn Ma Thuột to a major North Vietnamese assault in early 1975, and the resulting insecurity of National Route 19 leading from Qui Nhơn, the president, Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, ordered the hasty evacuation of Pleiku. The military operation to attempt the withdrawal of ARVN forces, down the poorly maintained tertiary road LTL-7B through Ayun Pa to Tuy Hòa, led to a catastrophe in which over 100,000 evacuees from Pleiku and Kon Tum were killed or left stranded without support. {{Citation needed|date=June 2012}}

Climate

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|location = Pleiku
|Jan high C = 26.3
|Feb high C = 28.4
|Mar high C = 30.6
|Apr high C = 31.0
|May high C = 29.3
|Jun high C = 27.3
|Jul high C = 26.7
|Aug high C = 26.2
|Sep high C = 26.7
|Oct high C = 26.8
|Nov high C = 26.0
|Dec high C = 25.5
|year high C = 27.6
|Jan mean C = 18.8
|Feb mean C = 20.5
|Mar mean C = 22.6
|Apr mean C = 24.1
|May mean C = 23.8
|Jun mean C = 22.9
|Jul mean C = 22.3
|Aug mean C = 22.1
|Sep mean C = 22.2
|Oct mean C = 21.7
|Nov mean C = 20.5
|Dec mean C = 19.1
|year mean C = 21.7
|Jan low C = 13.9
|Feb low C = 15.3
|Mar low C = 17.5
|Apr low C = 19.5
|May low C = 20.4
|Jun low C = 20.4
|Jul low C = 20.0
|Aug low C = 20.1
|Sep low C = 19.7
|Oct low C = 18.6
|Nov low C = 16.9
|Dec low C = 14.9
|year low C = 18.1
|Jan record high C = 32.8 |Jan record low C = 5.6
|Feb record high C = 35.0 |Feb record low C = 6.8
|Mar record high C = 35.9 |Mar record low C = 5.9
|Apr record high C = 36.0 |Apr record low C = 10.0
|May record high C = 35.1 |May record low C = 14.6
|Jun record high C = 33.1 |Jun record low C = 16.6
|Jul record high C = 32.0 |Jul record low C = 15.6
|Aug record high C = 31.6 |Aug record low C = 14.8
|Sep record high C = 32.5 |Sep record low C = 13.7
|Oct record high C = 32.8 |Oct record low C = 11.0
|Nov record high C = 32.0 |Nov record low C = 5.8
|Dec record high C = 31.3 |Dec record low C = 5.8
|year record high C = 36.0 |year record low C = 5.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 3
|Feb precipitation mm = 6
|Mar precipitation mm = 22
|Apr precipitation mm = 93
|May precipitation mm = 245
|Jun precipitation mm = 344
|Jul precipitation mm = 390
|Aug precipitation mm = 476
|Sep precipitation mm = 362
|Oct precipitation mm = 189
|Nov precipitation mm = 64
|Dec precipitation mm = 11
|year precipitation mm = 2206
|Jan precipitation days = 0.6
|Feb precipitation days = 0.9
|Mar precipitation days = 3.4
|Apr precipitation days = 8.2
|May precipitation days = 18.5
|Jun precipitation days = 23.1
|Jul precipitation days = 26.0
|Aug precipitation days = 27.4
|Sep precipitation days = 25.3
|Oct precipitation days = 16.3
|Nov precipitation days = 7.4
|Dec precipitation days = 2.3
|year precipitation days = 159.2
|Jan humidity = 76.3
|Feb humidity = 72.7
|Mar humidity = 70.5
|Apr humidity = 74.4
|May humidity = 83.3
|Jun humidity = 89.6
|Jul humidity = 91.2
|Aug humidity = 92.2
|Sep humidity = 90.4
|Oct humidity = 85.8
|Nov humidity = 81.5
|Dec humidity = 78.2
|year humidity = 82.2
|Jan sun = 265
|Feb sun = 261
|Mar sun = 277
|Apr sun = 237
|May sun = 208
|Jun sun = 149
|Jul sun = 145
|Aug sun = 128
|Sep sun = 134
|Oct sun = 177
|Nov sun = 200
|Dec sun = 233
|year sun = 2412
|source 1 = Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology^[4]
}}

References

1. ^Pleiku, Sheet L7014 6636-IV, Defense Mapping Agency, Washington, 1965.
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/yvn.html|title=Districts of Vietnam|publisher=Statoids|accessdate=13 March 2009}}
3. ^Karnow, Stanley. Vietnam: A History, New York: Penguin Books, (1984), p. 428, {{ISBN|0670842184}}
4. ^{{cite web| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180722172120/http://ibst.vn/DATA/nhyen/QCVN%2002-2009%20BXD%20So%20lieu%20tu%20nhien.pdf| archivedate = 22 July 2018| url = http://ibst.vn/DATA/nhyen/QCVN%2002-2009%20BXD%20So%20lieu%20tu%20nhien.pdf| title = Vietnam Building Code Natural Physical & Climatic Data for Construction| publisher = Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology| accessdate = 20 July 2018}}

External links

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