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词条 Clearwater Cave System
释义

  1. References

  2. Sources

  3. External links

{{Infobox cave
| name = Clearwater Cave System
| other_name =
| photo = Interior of Clearwater Cave 2.jpg
| photo_width =
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = Interior of the Clearwater Cave
| map =
| map_width =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| location = Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak[1]
| land_registry_number =
| grid_ref =
| coords =
| coords_ref =
| depth =
| length = {{convert|227.196|km|abbr=on}}[1]
| height_variation = {{convert|553.41|m|abbr=on}}[1]
| elevation =
| discovery = {{List collapsed|title=See list|1=Clearwater Cave (1978)|2=Lady's Cave (connected in 1978)|3=Cleartop Cave (connected in 1978)|4=Wind Cave (connected in 1988)|5=Drunken Forest (connected in 1990)|6=Blackrock Cave (connected in 1991)|7=Leopard Cave (connected in 1991)|8=Whiterock Cave (connected in 2005)}}[2]
| geology =
| entrance_count =
| entrance_list =
| difficulty = Advanced - connection to Wind Cave[3]
Intermediate - access to underground river[4]
| hazards =
| access = Public (Clearwater cave),[5]
Restricted (underground rivers and connections)[4][3]
| show_cave = 1985[6]
| show_cave_length =
| lighting =
| visitors =
| features = Top 10 longest cave passage in the world[1]
| survey =
| survey_format =
| website = {{URL|http://www.mulunationalpark.com/show-caves-clearwater-wind.php|Official website}}
}}

The Clearwater Cave System ({{lang-ms|Gua Air Jernih}}) in Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia is believed to be the largest interconnected cave system in the world by volume and the 8th longest cave in the world at {{convert|222|km|abbr=on}} (2017).[7][8] The system lies mainly under the western margins of Gunung Api between the Melinau Gorge and Cave of the Winds.

The first exploration by speleologists was during the 1977/78 Royal Geographical Society Mulu Sarawak Expedition when {{convert|24|km|abbr=on}} of the cave passage were surveyed. Many expeditions by the Mulu Caves Project have increased the explored length and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.

References

1. ^{{cite web |title=Clearwater Cave |url=http://www.mulucaves.org/wordpress/the-caves-2/caves-of-gunung-api/clearwater-cave |publisher=Mulu Caves Project |accessdate=29 October 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601050733/http://www.mulucaves.org/wordpress/the-caves-2/caves-of-gunung-api/clearwater-cave |archivedate=1 June 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web |title=The Clearwater Cave System |url=http://www.mulucaves.org/wordpress/the-caves-2/the-major-cave-systems/the-clearwater-cave-system |publisher=Mulu Caves Project |accessdate=29 October 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324004822/http://www.mulucaves.org/wordpress/the-caves-2/the-major-cave-systems/the-clearwater-cave-system |archivedate=29 October 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web |title=Clearwater connection |url=http://mulupark.com/tours-activities/adventure-caving/clearwater-connection/ |publisher=Mulu National Park |accessdate=29 October 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315103609/http://mulupark.com:80/tours-activities/adventure-caving/clearwater-connection/ |archivedate=15 March 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web |title=Clearwater revival |url=http://mulupark.com/tours-activities/adventure-caving/clearwater-revival/|publisher=Mulu National Park |accessdate=29 October 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315110322/http://mulupark.com:80/tours-activities/adventure-caving/clearwater-revival/ |archivedate=15 March 2018}}
5. ^{{cite web |title=Clearwater Cave and Wind Cave |url=http://www.mulunationalpark.com/show-caves-clearwater-wind.php |publisher=Mulu National Park |accessdate=29 October 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920122622/http://www.mulunationalpark.com/show-caves-clearwater-wind.php |archivedate=20 September 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web |last1=Yi Chuan |first1=Shi |title=Gunung Mulu National Park |url=https://yichuans.github.io/datasheet/output/site/gunung-mulu-national-park/ |publisher=World Heritage Datasheet |accessdate=27 October 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027154419/https://yichuans.github.io/datasheet/output/site/gunung-mulu-national-park/ |archivedate=27 October 2018 |date=2010}}
7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Eavis|first1=Rob|title=What a Rollercoaster|journal=Descent|date=April–May 2016|issue=249|pages=24–29}}
8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Mark|title=Mulu Successes Continue|journal=Descent|date=June–July 2017|issue=256|pages=36}}

Sources

  • Mulu Caves, Brook and Waltham (1979), Royal Geographical Society
  • Caves of Mulu '80, (1981), Eavis, Royal Geographical Society
  • Caves of Mulu '84, (1985), Eavis, British Cave Research Association
  • Mulu Caves '88 and '89 Expeditions, (1989), Kirby, Mulu Caves Project
  • Mulu Caves '91 (1991), Kirby, Mulu Caves Project

External links

{{Commons category}}{{Geography of Sarawak}}{{coord missing|Malaysia}}

1 : Caves of Sarawak

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