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词条 PNC Park
释义

  1. History

     Planning and funding  Design and construction  Opening and reception  Alterations 

  2. Notable events

     Baseball  College baseball  Concerts  In film  Other events 

  3. Special features

     Playing surface and dimensions  Seating, attendance, and ticket prices  Eateries 

  4. Transportation access

  5. References

  6. External links

{{short description|Baseball stadium in Pittsburgh, PA, USA}}{{about|the Pittsburgh Pirates stadium|the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders stadium|PNC Field}}{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2014}}{{Infobox venue
| stadium_name = PNC Park
| nickname =
| logo_image =
| image =
| caption = A view of the field from upper-level seating
| address = 115 Federal Street
| location = Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| coordinates = {{coord|40|26|49|N|80|0|21|W|type:landmark|display=it}}
| pushpin_map = USA Pittsburgh central#USA Pennsylvania#USA
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_map_caption = Location near Downtown Pittsburgh##Location in Pennsylvania##Location in the United States
| broke_ground = April 7, 1999
| opened = March 31, 2001
| closed =
| demolished =
| owner = Sports & Exhibition Authority of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County[1]
| operator = Pittsburgh Pirates[1]
| surface = Kentucky Bluegrass
| construction_cost = US$216 million
(${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|216000000|2001}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}})
| architect = Populous (then HOK Sport)[2]
L.D. Astorino & Associates
| project_manager = Project Management Consultants LLC[3]
| structural engineer = Thornton-Tomasetti Group Inc.[4]
| services engineer = M*E Engineers[4]
| general_contractor = Dick Corporation/Barton Malow JV[5]
| main_contractors =
| former_names =
| tenants = Pittsburgh Pirates (MLB) (2001–present)
| seating_capacity = 37,898 (2001–2003)
38,496 (2004–2007)
38,362 (2008–2017)
38,747 (2018–present)[6]
| record_attendance = 40,889 (October 7, 2015)
| dimensions = Left Field – {{convert|325|ft|m|0}}
Left-Center – {{convert|383|ft|m|0}}
Deep Left-Center Field – {{convert|410|ft|m|0}}
Center Field – {{convert|399|ft|m|0}}
Right-Center – {{convert|375|ft|m|0}}
Right Field – {{convert|320|ft|m|0}}
Backstop – {{Convert|51|ft|m|0}}
| publictransit= {{rail-interchange|pittsburgh}} North Side
}}

PNC Park is a baseball park located on the North Shore of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is the fifth home of the Pittsburgh Pirates, the city's Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise.[9][10] It opened during the 2001 MLB season, after the controlled implosion of the Pirates' previous home, Three Rivers Stadium. The ballpark is sponsored by PNC Financial Services, which purchased the naming rights in 1998.[7] PNC Park features a natural grass playing surface and seats 38,747 people for baseball.

Funded in conjunction with Heinz Field and the David L. Lawrence Convention Center, the $216 million park stands along the Allegheny River, on the North Shore of Pittsburgh with a view of Downtown Pittsburgh. Plans to build a new stadium for the Pirates originated in 1991, but did not come to fruition for 5 years. Built in the style of "classic" stadiums, such as Pittsburgh's Forbes Field, PNC Park also introduced unique features, such as the use of limestone in the building's facade.[9] The park also features a riverside concourse, steel truss work, an extensive out-of-town scoreboard, and many local eateries. Constructed faster than most modern stadiums, PNC Park was built in a 24-month span.

History

Planning and funding

On September 5, 1991, Pittsburgh mayor Sophie Masloff proposed a new 44,000-seat stadium for the Pittsburgh Pirates on the city's North Side.[13] Three Rivers Stadium, the Pirates' home at the time, had been designed for functionality rather than "architecture and aesthetics".[13] The location of Three Rivers Stadium came to be criticized for being in a hard-to-access portion of the city, where traffic congestion occurred before and after games.[8] Discussions about a new ballpark took place, but were never seriously considered until entrepreneur Kevin McClatchy purchased the team in February 1996. Until McClatchy's purchase, plans about the team remaining in Pittsburgh were uncertain.[9] In 1996, Masloff's successor, Tom Murphy, created the "Forbes Field II Task Force". Made up of 29 political and business leaders, the team studied the challenges of constructing a new ballpark. Their final report, published on June 26, 1996, evaluated 13 possible locations. The "North Side site" was recommended due to its affordable cost, potential to develop the surrounding area, and opportunity to incorporate the city skyline into the stadium's design.[9] The site selected for the ballpark is just upriver from the site of early Pirates home field Exposition Park.[10][11]

After a political debate, public money was used to fund PNC Park. Originally, a sales tax increase was proposed to fund three projects: PNC Park, Heinz Field, and an expansion of the David L. Lawrence Convention Center. However, after the proposal was soundly rejected in a 1997 referendum known as the Regional Renaissance Initiative, the city developed Plan B.[12] Similarly controversial, the alternative proposal was labeled Scam B by opponents.[13] Some members of the Allegheny Regional Asset District felt that the Pirates' pledge of $40 million toward the new stadium was too little, while others criticized the amount of public money allocated for Plan B. One member of the Allegheny Regional Asset District board called the use of tax dollars "corporate welfare".[22][14] The plan, totaling $809 million, was approved by the Allegheny Regional Asset District board on July 9, 1998—with $228 million allotted for PNC Park.[15][16] Shortly after Plan B was approved, the Pirates made a deal with Pittsburgh city officials to remain in the city until at least 2031.[13]

There was popular sentiment by fans for the Pirates to name the stadium after former outfielder Roberto Clemente. However, locally based PNC Financial Services purchased the stadium's naming rights in August 1998.[7][17] As per the agreement, PNC Bank will pay the Pirates approximately $2 million each year through 2020, and also has a full-service PNC branch at the stadium.[18][19] The total cost of PNC Park was $216 million.[9][10] Shortly after the naming rights deal was announced, the city of Pittsburgh renamed the 6th Street Bridge near the southeast corner of the site of the park the Roberto Clemente Bridge as a compromise to fans who had wanted the park named after Clemente.[20]

Design and construction

Kansas City-based Populous (then HOK Sport), which designed many other major league ballparks of the late 20th and early 21st century, designed the ballpark.[21][22] The design and construction management team consisted of the Dick Corporation and Barton Malow.[9] An effort was made in the design of PNC Park to salute other "classic style" ballparks, such as Fenway Park, Wrigley Field, and Pittsburgh's Forbes Field; the design of the ballpark's archways, steel truss work, and light standards are results of this goal.[23][24] PNC Park was the first two-deck ballpark to be built in the United States since Milwaukee County Stadium opened in 1953.[25][24] The park features a 24 by 42 foot (7.3 by 12.8 m) Sony JumboTron, which is accompanied by the first-ever LED video boards in an outdoor MLB stadium.[41] PNC Park is the first stadium to feature an out-of-town scoreboard with the score, inning, number of outs, and base runners for every other game being played around the league.[26]

Ground was broken for PNC Park on April 7, 1999,[27] after a ceremony to rename the Sixth Street Bridge as the "Roberto Clemente Bridge" in honor of the late Pirate Roberto Clemente.[28] As part of original plans to create an enjoyable experience for fans, the bridge is closed to vehicular traffic on game days to allow spectators to park in Pittsburgh's Golden Triangle and walk across the bridge to the stadium.[29][30] PNC Park was built with Kasota limestone shipped from a Minnesota river valley, to contrast the brick bases of other modern stadiums.[31] The stadium was constructed over a 24-month span—at the time of construction, three months faster than any other modern major league ballpark—and the Pirates played their first game less than two years after groundbreaking.[32] The quick construction was accomplished with the use of special computers, which relayed building plans to builders 24 hours per day.[32] In addition, all 23 labor unions involved in the construction signed a pact that they would not strike during the building process.[32] As a result of union involvement and attention to safety regulations, the construction manager, the Dick Corporation, received a merit award for its safety practices from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.[51]

Statues of Pirates' Hall of Famers Honus Wagner, Roberto Clemente, Willie Stargell and Bill Mazeroski are positioned at various points outside of PNC Park. Wagner and Clemente's statues were previously located outside of Three Rivers Stadium, and after the venue was imploded, the two statues were removed from their locations, refurbished, and relocated outside PNC Park.[33] Wagner's statue was originally unveiled at Forbes Field in 1955.[34][35] The base of Clemente's statue is shaped like a baseball diamond, with dirt from three of the fields Clemente played at—Santurce Field in Carolina, Puerto Rico, Forbes Field, and Three Rivers Stadium—at each base.[36] On October 1, 2000, after the final game at Three Rivers Stadium, Stargell threw out the ceremonial last pitch. He was presented with a model of a statue that was to be erected in his honor outside of PNC Park.[37] The statue was officially unveiled on April 7, 2001; however, Stargell did not attend due to health problems and died of a stroke two days later.[38][39] A statue for Bill Mazeroski was added at the right field entrance, at the south end of Mazeroski Way, during the 2010 season. This was the 50th anniversary of the Pirates' 1960 World Series championship, which Mazeroski clinched with a Game 7 walk-off home run at Forbes Field. The statue itself was designed based on that event.[40]

Opening and reception

The Pirates opened PNC Park with two exhibition games against the New York Mets—the first of which was played on March 31, 2001.[41] The first official baseball game played in PNC Park was between the Cincinnati Reds and the Pirates, on April 9, 2001. The Reds won the game by the final score of 8–2.[42] The first pitch—a ball—was thrown from Pittsburgh's Todd Ritchie to Barry Larkin. In the top of the first inning, Pittsburgh native Sean Casey's two-run home run was the first hit in the park. The first Pirates' batter, Adrian Brown, struck out; however, later in the inning Jason Kendall singled—the first hit by a Pirate in their new stadium.[23]

PNC Park had an average attendance of 30,742 people per game throughout its inaugural season,[43] though it would drop approximately 27% the following season to 22,594 spectators per game.[44] Throughout the 2001 season, businesses in downtown and on the Northside of Pittsburgh showed a 20–25% increase in business on Pirate game days.[45]

Pirates' vice-president Steve Greenberg said, "We said when construction began that we would build the best ballpark in baseball, and we believe we've done that."[66] Major League Baseball executive Paul Beeston said the park was "the best he's seen so far in baseball".[66] Many of the workers who built the park said that it was the nicest that they had seen.[46] Jason Kendall, Pittsburgh's catcher at the opening of the park, called PNC Park "the most beautiful ballpark in the game".[47] Different elements of PNC Park were used in the design of New York's Citi Field.[48]

Upon opening in 2001, PNC Park was praised by fans and media alike. ESPN.com writer Jim Caple ranked PNC Park as the best stadium in Major League Baseball, with a score of 95 out of 100.[49] Caple compared the park to Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater, calling the stadium itself "perfect", and citing high ticket prices as the only negative aspect of visiting the park.[49] Jay Ahjua, author of Fields of Dreams: A Guide to Visiting and Enjoying All 30 Major League Ballparks, called PNC Park one of the "top ten places to watch the game".[50] Eric Enders, author of Ballparks Then and Now and co-author of Big League Ballparks: The Complete Illustrated History, said it was "everything a baseball stadium could hope to be" and "an immediate contender for the title of best baseball park ever built".[51] In 2008, Men's Fitness named the park one of "10 big league parks worth seeing this summer".[52][53] A 2010 unranked list of "America's 7 Best Ballparks" published by ABC News noted that PNC Park "combines the best features of yesterday's ballparks—rhythmic archways, steel trusswork and a natural grass playing field—with the latest in fan and player amenities and comfort".[54]

Alterations

An exhibit honoring Pittsburgh's Negro league baseball teams was introduced in 2006. Located by the stadium's left field entrance, the display features statues of seven players who competed for the city's Homestead Grays and Pittsburgh Crawfords, including Josh Gibson and Satchel Paige. The exhibit also includes the Legacy Theatre, a 25-seat facility that plays a film about Pittsburgh's history with the Negro leagues.[55] The Pirates donated the statues to the Josh Gibson Foundation in 2015.

In 2007, Allegheny County passed a ban on smoking in most public places, thus making PNC Park completely smoke-free.[56] Before the 2008 season, the Pirates made multiple alterations to PNC Park.[57] The biggest change was removing the Outback Steakhouse located in the left field stands, and adding a new restaurant known as The Hall of Fame Club.[58] Unlike its predecessor, The Hall of Fame Club is open to all ticket-holders on game days;[58] it includes an outdoor patio with a bar and seats with a view of the field.[59] The Pirates feature bands in The Hall of Fame Club after the completion of select games—the first performance was by Joe Grushecky and the Houserockers.[57] The Pirates also announced a program to make the park more environmentally friendly, by integrating "greening initiatives, sustainable business practices and educational outreach".[60] In addition, club and suite sections were outfitted with new televisions.[58]

In 2012, the "Budweiser Bow Tie", a 5,000-square foot bar and lounge located in the right field corner of the ballpark, was added. The section includes ticketed seats along with areas for groups and the general public. This addition was expected to cost about $1 million. For the 2015 season, many additions to the park took place for better fan experience. One of the additions to the park is the left field terrace. It has 2 levels for standing room, with 250 feet of drink rails. The terrace fills the gap between the left field bleachers and the Rivertowne Brewing Hall of Fame Club and is open to any fan with a ticket. Another addition includes a new outdoor patio that overlooks center field, right next to the terraces. The patio is now known as "The Porch." The Porch features bar tables and outdoor sofa-style seating, and accommodates groups of 25 people. Among the other additions for the 2015 season are: The Corner, which is a full-service bar at the very base of the left field rotunda with 9 flat screen TVs; Terrace Bar, which is a fully operating bar for fans in the upper concourse; and Pirates Outfitters, an additional merchandise shop located next to the home-plate entrance. The Pirates paid all costs for the additions to the park.[61]

Notable events

Baseball

{{see also|2006 Major League Baseball All-Star Game}}

PNC Park hosted the 77th Major League Baseball All-Star Game on July 11, 2006.[62] The American League defeated the National League 3–2, with 38,904 spectators in attendance.[63] The first All-Star Game in PNC Park, it was the 5th All-Star Game hosted in Pittsburgh, and the first since 1994.[64] During the game, late Pirate Roberto Clemente was honored with the Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award; his wife, Vera, accepted on his behalf.[65] The stadium hosted the Century 21 Home Run Derby the previous evening; Ryan Howard, of the Philadelphia Phillies, won the title.[66] During the Derby, Howard and David Ortiz hit home runs into the Allegheny River.[67]

On September 28, 2012 PNC Park saw its first no-hitter when Reds pitcher Homer Bailey no-hit the Pirates, 1–0. PNC Park has yet to see a no-hitter or perfect game thrown by a Pirate.

On October 1, 2013, the Pirates hosted the Cincinnati Reds in the 2013 National League Wild Card Game. This marked the first time a playoff game was played at PNC Park. The Pirates won 6-2, their first postseason victory since 1992, in front of a record crowd of 40,629. The 2014 and 2015 National League Wild Card games were also played at PNC Park.

College baseball

The first collegiate baseball game at PNC Park was played on May 6, 2003, between the Pitt Panthers and the Duquesne Dukes, a rivalry that was referred to as the City Game.[68] Duquesne won 2–1.[69] However, due to Duquesne's decision to disband their baseball program following the 2010 season, the series between the two schools came to an end.[70] The PNC Park City Game series ended in Pitt's favor, four games to two, with the 2007 game canceled because of poor field conditions.[71][72][73]

On May 14, 2019 the Pittsburgh Panthers will play the West Virginia Mountaineers in the baseball version of the Backyard Brawl.

Concerts

PNC Park has also hosted various concerts, including Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band, Jason Aldean, Billy Joel The Rolling Stones, Pearl Jam, Jimmy Buffett, Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, Dave Matthews Band, Ed Sheeran and Zac Brown Band.

August 6, 2003 Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band — The Rising Tour 42,301 / 48,074 $3,137,575 [74]
June 26, 2005 Jimmy Buffett — A Salty Piece of Land Tour — — Sonny Landreth and Jake Shimabukuro were special guests[75]
September 28, 2005 The Rolling Stones Pearl Jam A Bigger Bang — — [76]
August 24, 2006 Me First and the Gimme Gimmes — — 32,000 — Originally scheduled to play three dates at the ballpark after Pirates games, but after the band got booed on the first night, the next two nights were cancelled.[77]
July 10, 2010 Dave Matthews Band Zac Brown Band — 30,964 / 38,365 $2,173,667
July 7, 2012 Daughtry Mike Sanchez
SafetySuit 		Break the Spell Tour — —
July 26, 2014 Jason Aldean Miranda Lambert
Florida Georgia Line
Tyler Farr 		Burn It Down Tour 38,985 / 39,548 $2,898,350
July 1, 2016 Billy Joel Charlie Puth Billy Joel in Concert 39,500 / 39,500 $4,627,472
September 29, 2018 Ed Sheeran Snow Patrol
Anne-Marie 		÷ Tour 41,014 / 41,104 $4,169,874 Originally scheduled for September 30 but moved due to the Steelers-Ravens game that night at nearby Heinz Field resulting in the concert being moved to the 29th.

In film

The park also served as one of the locations for the 2010 film She's Out of My League and the 2011 film Abduction. Also in the 2012 film Jack Reacher.

Other events

PNC Park has hosted various evacuation and response drills, which would be used in the event of a terrorist attack. Members of the United States Department of Homeland Security laid out the groundwork for the initial drill in February 2004.[78] In May 2005, 5,000 volunteers participated in the $1 million evacuation drill, which included mock explosions.[79] A goal of the drill was to test the response of 49 western Pennsylvania emergency agencies.[80] In April 2006, the Department of Homeland Security worked in conjunction with the United States Coast Guard to develop a plan of response for the 2006 All-Star Game.[81] Similar exercises were conducted on the Allegheny River in 2007.[82]

Special features

Playing surface and dimensions

The playing surface of PNC Park is Tuckahoe Bluegrass, which is a mixture of various types of Kentucky Bluegrass.[83] Installed before the 2009 season, the grass surface was selected for its "high-quality pedigree that is ideal for Northern cities such as Pittsburgh".[83] The infield dirt is a mixture known as "Dura Edge Custom Pro Infield Mix" and was designed solely for PNC Park.[83] The 18-foot warning track is crushed lava rock.[83][84] The drainage system underneath the field is capable of handling {{convert|14|in|cm|0}} of rain per hour.[85] The original playing surface consisted of sand-based natural grass,[86] and was replaced before the 2006 season.[83] The playing surface also underwent a significant renovation following the 2016 season. The 2016 renovation included excavation of the top 3" of rootzone soil, importing of rootzone material with improved physical properties, deep tillage, laser grading, and installation of new Kentucky bluegrass sod. The infield skin was also excavated to a depth of 4" and replaced with new Dura Edge infield mix. Unlike most ballparks, PNC Park's home dugout is located along the third base line instead of the first base line; giving the home team a view of the city skyline.[87] The outfield fence ranges from a height of {{convert|6|ft|m|0}} in left field to {{convert|10|ft|m|0}} in center field and {{convert|21|ft|m|0}} in right field, a tribute to former Pirate right fielder Roberto Clemente, who wore number 21.[52][119] The distance from home plate to the outfield fence ranges from {{convert|320|ft|m|0}} in right field to {{convert|410|ft|m|0}} in left center; the straightaway center field fence is set at {{convert|399|ft|m|0}}.[23] At its closest point, the Allegheny River is {{convert|443|ft|4|in|m|3|abbr=on}} from the plate.[23][25] On July 6, 2002, Daryle Ward became the first player to hit the river "on the fly". On June 2, 2013, Garrett Jones became only the second player to accomplish the feat, and was the first Pirate to do so.[88] On May 19, 2015, Pirates first baseman Pedro Alvarez became the third person to do this, although the ball actually landed in a boat on the river rather than in the water.[89] The longest home run in PNC Park history was 484 feet hit to left-center field by Sammy Sosa on April 12, 2002.[90]

Seating, attendance, and ticket prices

During its opening season, PNC Park's seating capacity of 38,496 was the second-smallest of any major league stadium (the smallest being Fenway Park).[23][91] Seats are angled toward the field and aisles are lowered to give spectators improved views of the field.[128] The majority of the seats (26,000) are on the first level,[92] and the highest seat in the stadium is {{convert|88|ft|m|0}} above the playing surface.[93] At {{convert|51|ft|m|0}}, the batter is closer to the seats behind home plate than to the pitcher.[94] At their closest point, seating along the baselines is {{convert|45|ft|m|0}} from the bases.[95] The four-level steel rotunda and a section above the out-of-town scoreboard offer standing-room-only space.[96] With the exception of the bleacher sections, all seats in the park offer a view of Pittsburgh's skyline.[97]

In its opening season, PNC Park's tickets were priced between $9 and $35 for general admission.[92][98] One of only two teams not to increase ticket prices entering the 2009 season, PNC Park ranked as having the third-cheapest average ticket prices in the league in 2009.[99] Despite price increases in the 2015 season, the average ticket price at PNC Park remained in the bottom five among MLB teams.[100] The stadium's average ticket price held between $15 and $17 from 2006-2013 (among the lowest in Major League Baseball), then rose to $18.32 in 2014, $19.99 in 2015, and $29.96 in 2016.[101]

In the stadium's first decade, average attendance dipped under 20,000 fans per game four times.[102] Before 2013, the Pirates had only one winning record since 1992.[103] Through 2004, 5% of games played at PNC Park were sold out.[95] The number of sellouts increased in 2012 and 2013; after filling PNC Park 17 times in 2012, the team played to capacity crowds at 23 games in 2013.[104] In 2014, average attendance crossed the 30,000 mark for the first time since PNC Park's inaugural season in 2001, and remained above 30,000 in 2015 before dropping to 27,000 in 2016.[102]

Eateries

As with its predecessor, PNC Park's concessions service provider is Aramark,[105][106] while the premium seating areas (The Lexus Club, PBC Level and Suites Level) are serviced by Levy Restaurants.[107] The main eating concourse, known as "Tastes of Pittsburgh",[97] features a wide range of options including traditional ballpark foods, hometown specialties, and more exotic fare like sushi.[108] Pittsburgh's hometown specialties include Primanti Brothers sandwiches, whose signature item consists of meat, cheese, hand-cut French fries, tomatoes, and coleslaw between two slices of Italian bread.[109][110] Other local eateries offered include Mrs. T's Pierogies, Quaker Steak & Lube, Augustine's Pizza, and Benkovitz Seafood.[108] Located behind center field seating is Manny's BBQ, which offers various barbecue meals. It is named for former Pirates' catcher Manny Sanguillén, who has been known to sign autographs for fans waiting in line.[91][111] For the 2008 season, the Pirates created an all-you-can-eat section in the right field corner.[57] Fans seated in the section are allowed "unlimited hot dogs, hamburgers, nachos, salads, popcorn, peanuts, ice cream and pop" for an entire game.[112] In addition to the food offered, fans are free to bring their own food into the stadium, a rarity among the league's ballparks.[113]

For its first 13 years, PNC Park sold Pepsi products, a contrast from its predecessor Three Rivers Stadium, which sold Coca-Cola products, as well as Heinz Field and Mellon Arena. In right field, several versions of the Pepsi Globe as well as a Pepsi bottle were displayed on large posts behind the stands and lit up every time the Pirates hit a home run. In 2014, the Pirates switched to Coca-Cola.[114] The Pepsi signage in right field was converted into advertising for locally based health insurance company Highmark.[115]

In 2016, PNC Park became the first MLB ballpark with a miniature version of a Menchie's Frozen Yogurt available for game day guests.

Transportation access

PNC Park is located at exit 1B of Interstate 279 and within 1 mile of both Interstate 376 and Interstate 579. The park is also served by the North Side transit station of the Pittsburgh subway system.

References

Footnotes
1. ^1 {{cite web |title =History|work=www.pgh-sea.com|publisher=Sports & Exhibition Authority of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County|date=September 1, 2009|accessdate=October 28, 2009|url=http://www.pgh-sea.com/pncpark.htm}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Work: Ballparks|publisher=Populous|url=http://populous.com/projects/type/ballparks|accessdate=June 11, 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Pittsburgh Pirates PNC Park|publisher=Project Management Consultants|url=http://www.aboutpmc.com/pittsburgh-pirates-pnc-park/|accessdate=April 29, 2018}}
4. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Architects, Contractors and Subcontractors of Current Big Five Facility Projects|journal=Street & Smith's SportsBusiness Journal|date=July 24, 2000|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2000/07/20000724/No-Topic-Name/ARCHITECTS-CONTRACTORS-AND-SUBCONTRACTORS-OF-CURRENT-BIG-FIVE-FACILITY-PROJECTS.aspx|accessdate=June 11, 2014}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=PNC Park|publisher=Ballparks.com|url=http://www.ballparks.com/baseball/national/pitbpk.htm|accessdate=June 14, 2014}}
6. ^{{cite book |title=2018 Pittsburgh Pirates Media Guide|first=Jim|last=Trdinich|trans-title=PNC Park Information|publisher=Major League Baseball Advanced Media|date=March 13, 2018|page=241}}
7. ^1 {{cite journal |first=Lauren|last=Jaeger|title=PNC Bank Purchases Naming Rights To Pittsburgh Pirates' New Stadium|journal=Amusement Business|date=August 17, 1998|volume=110|issue=33|page=10}}
8. ^{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Curt|authorlink=Curt Smith (author)|title=Storied Stadiums|year=2001|publisher=Carroll & Graf|location=New York City|isbn=0-7867-1187-6}}
9. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |last=Bouma|first=Ben|year=1998|title=Heading for Home|journal=On Deck: the Official Magazine of the Pittsburgh Pirates|volume=3|issue=3|pages=42–8}}
10. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.pittsburghcitypaper.ws/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A47798|title=Was There A Baseball Field That the Pittsburgh Pirates Played in Before Forbes Field in Oakland? |accessdate=July 30, 2008 |first=Chris |last=Potter |date=June 12, 2008 |newspaper=Pittsburgh City Paper; You Had To Ask}}
11. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06192/700663-341.stm|title=Exposition Park|accessdate=July 30, 2008|date=July 11, 2006|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette}}
12. ^{{cite news |title=Plan B|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/planb/|accessdate=April 5, 2008}}
13. ^1 {{cite news |last=Dvorchak|first=Robert|title=A TD for Plan B|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=June 21, 1998|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19980621bplanb5.asp |accessdate=April 5, 2008}}
14. ^{{cite news|last=Cook |first=Ron |title=Plan B flawed; Option Is Worse |authorlink=Tom Barnes (American journalist) |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=June 22, 1998 |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/sports_headlines/19980622bcook3.asp |accessdate=April 5, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041208161646/http://www.post-gazette.com/sports_headlines/19980622bcook3.asp |archivedate=December 8, 2004 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
15. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Barnes|first1=Tom|authorlink=Tom Barnes (American journalist)|author2=Dvorchak, Robert|title=Plan B Approved: Play ball!|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=July 10, 1998|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19980710bplanb3.asp|accessdate=April 5, 2008}}
16. ^{{cite news|last=Barnes|first=Tom|authorlink=Tom Barnes (American journalist)|title=Arena Won't Be Part of Plan B|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=February 11, 1998|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19980811bplanb5.asp|accessdate=April 5, 2008}}
17. ^{{cite book |title=Managing Sport Facilities|last=Fried|first=Gil|year=2005|publisher=Human Kinetics|url=https://books.google.com/?id=NOjo6ahtErsC|isbn=0-7360-4483-3|page=223}}
18. ^{{cite news|first=Bob |last=Wolfley |title=Values of venue naming rights can vary widely |url=http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=721840 |newspaper=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel; Sports |date=February 28, 2008 |accessdate=July 23, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302122531/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=721840 |archivedate=March 2, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/sportsbusiness/news/story?page=stadiumnames|title=Stadium naming rights|accessdate=July 23, 2008|work=Sports Business|publisher=ESPN.com|date=September 29, 2004|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021124846/http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/sportsbusiness/news/story?page=stadiumnames|archivedate=October 21, 2007|deadurl=yes}}
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28. ^{{cite news |first=Johnna A.|last=Pro|title=Clemente's Family Helps to Christen Renamed Bridge|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19990408clemente3.asp |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette; Local News |date=April 8, 1999|accessdate=July 19, 2008}}
29. ^{{cite book |title=Pittsburgh and the Appalachians: Cultural and Natural Resources in a Postindustrial Age|last1=Scarpaci|first1=Joseph L.|author2=Kevin Joseph Patrick|year=2006|publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press|url=https://books.google.com/?id=9qTdSl2CkzkC|isbn= 0-8229-4282-8|pages=115}}
30. ^{{cite book |title=Broadcast Rites and Sites: I Saw It on the Radio with the Boston Red Sox|last1=Castiglione|first1=Joe|authorlink=Joe Castiglione|first2=Douglas B.|last2=Lyons|year=2004|publisher=Taylor Trade Publications|url=https://books.google.com/?id=aiDytCAVZ-sC&pg=PA223&dq=PNC+Park|isbn=1-58979-081-2|page=223}}
31. ^{{cite news |first=Patricia|last=Lowry|title=The New Jewel on the Allegheny Might Be the Best Ballpark|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/20010415pncretro9.asp|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 15, 2001|accessdate=July 29, 2008}}
32. ^1 2 {{cite news |first=Robert|last=Dvorchak|title=PNC Park: The Political Struggle Over Financing PNC Park Went Into Extra Innings|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/20010415pncbuildtext9.asp|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 15, 2001|accessdate=July 29, 2008}}
33. ^{{cite news |first=Tom|last=Barnes|authorlink=Tom Barnes (American journalist)|title=Sports Bar Planned Outside PNC Park|url=http://www.postgazette.com/regionstate/20001122sportsbar4.asp|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=November 22, 2000|accessdate=August 1, 2008}}
34. ^{{harvnb|DeValeria|1995|p=298}}
35. ^{{cite book |title=Honus Wagner: The Life of Baseball's Flying Dutchman|last=Hittner|first=Arthur D.|year=2003|publisher=McFarland|url=https://books.google.com/?id=aE461c0B014C|isbn= 0-7864-1811-7|page=257}}
36. ^{{cite book |title=60 Hikes Within 60 Miles: Pittsburgh|last=Ruff|first=Donna|year=2006|publisher=Menasha Ridge Press|url=https://books.google.com/?id=BW6NAp_a_0QC|isbn=0-89732-591-5|page=71}}
37. ^{{cite book |title=The Pittsburgh Pirates|last=Finoli|first=Dave|year=2006|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/?id=zf2llq672W4C|isbn=0-7385-4915-0|page= 127}}
38. ^{{cite news |title=Stargell's Death Linked to Hypertension|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/20010409stargellhypertension6.asp|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 9, 2001|accessdate=August 1, 2008}}
39. ^{{cite news |agency=Associated Press|title=Pittsburgh Native Casey Paces Reds Over Pirates, 8-2|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/20010409apbucs.asp|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 9, 2001|accessdate=August 1, 2008}}
40. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/10028/1031622-63.stm|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|title=Mazeroski On Statue Plan: 'Couldn't Believe It'|first=Dejan|last=Kovacevic|date=January 28, 2010|accessdate=January 18, 2013}}
41. ^{{cite news|first=Bob|last=Biertempfel|title=Pirates Lose First Test Run at PNC Park|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/pirates/s_30329.html|newspaper=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|date=April 1, 2001|accessdate=July 20, 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120908213510/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/pirates/s_30329.html|archivedate=September 8, 2012|df=mdy-all}}
42. ^{{cite book |title=Storied Stadiums: Baseball's History Through Its Ballparks|last=Smith|first=Curt|year=2003|publisher=Carroll & Graf Publishers|location=New York|isbn=0-7867-1187-6|pages=562}}
43. ^{{cite web |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/attendance?sort=home_avg&year=2001&seasonType=2|title=MLB Attendance Report - 2001|accessdate=July 25, 2008|publisher=ESPN.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406110537/http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/attendance?sort=home_avg&year=2001&seasonType=2|archivedate=April 6, 2008|deadurl=yes}}
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45. ^{{cite journal |last=Brown|first=Charles|date=November–December 2001|title=Pittsburgh's Putting on its Game Face|journal=Pittsburgh International Airport Magazine|volume=1|issue=1|pages=10–3}}
46. ^1 {{cite news |last=McKay|first=Jim|title=Workers Proud of What They Have Wrought|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 15, 2001|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/20010415pncworker9.asp|accessdate=April 20, 2008}}
47. ^{{cite news|first=Jason|last=Kendall|authorlink=Jason Kendall|title=New Ballpark Something to Behold|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/pirates/s_30321.html|newspaper=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|date=April 1, 2001|accessdate=July 20, 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120906170101/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/pirates/s_30321.html|archivedate=September 6, 2012|df=mdy-all}}
48. ^{{cite news |first=Dejan|last=Kovacevic|title=Pirates Notebook: Mets' Stadium Inspired by PNC|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09129/968906-63.stm|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=May 9, 2009|accessdate=May 9, 2009}}
49. ^1 {{cite web|last=Caple |first=Jim |authorlink=Jim Caple |title=Pittsburgh's Gem Rates the Best |publisher=ESPN.com |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/travel/news/story?page=ballparks/pncpark |accessdate=April 15, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411114449/http://sports.espn.go.com/travel/news/story?page=ballparks%2Fpncpark |archivedate=April 11, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
50. ^{{harvnb|Phillips|2005|pp=314–5}}
51. ^{{cite book |title=Big League Ballparks: The Complete Illustrated History|last=Enders|first=Eric|year=2009|publisher=Metro Books Publishers|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4351-1452-4|pages=512}}
52. ^1 {{cite news |last=Pratt|first=Devin|title=Top Stadiums: Pittsburgh's PNC Park|work=Men's Fitness|url=http://www.mensfitness.com/sports_and_recreation/61?page=2|accessdate=April 10, 2008}}
53. ^{{cite news|last=Langosch|first=Jenifer|title=PNC in Men's Fitness Top 10 Stadiums|publisher=PittsburghPirates.com|date=April 2, 2008|url=http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20080402&content_id=2485650&vkey=news_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|accessdate=April 10, 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605035926/http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20080402&content_id=2485650&vkey=news_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|archivedate=June 5, 2011|df=mdy-all}}
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55. ^{{cite news|last=Finder|first=Chuck|title=Pirates Put History on Display|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=June 27, 2006|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/sports/pirates/2006/06/27/Pirates-put-history-on-display/stories/200606270183|accessdate=June 27, 2014}}
56. ^{{cite press release|title=PNC Park Becomes Smoke-Free Facility|publisher=PittsburghPirates.com|date=March 20, 2007|url=http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20070320&content_id=1851385&vkey=pr_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|accessdate=April 19, 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605045431/http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20070320&content_id=1851385&vkey=pr_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|archivedate=June 5, 2011|df=mdy-all}}
57. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Belko|first=Mark|title=Pirates Show Off Park Features|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 4, 2008|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08095/870465-63.stm|accessdate=April 5, 2008}}
58. ^1 2 {{cite news|last=Price|first=Karen|title=PNC Park features overhauled eatery|work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|date=April 4, 2008|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/382404429|subscription=yes|accessdate=April 30, 2018}}
59. ^{{cite web|title=PNC Park: General Information|publisher=PittsburghPirates.com|url=http://wap.mlb.com/pit/ballpark/mb_information/mb_hall_of_fame_club/hof_club_general_information/|accessdate=May 5, 2018}}
60. ^{{cite press release|title=Pirates Launch Greening Initiatives Program at PNC Park|publisher=PittsburghPirates.com|date=March 11, 2008|url=http://www.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20080311&content_id=2419147&vkey=pr_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|accessdate=April 29, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409213411/http://mlb.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20080311&content_id=2419147&vkey=pr_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|archivedate=April 9, 2008|deadurl=yes}}
61. ^{{cite news |last=Belko|first=Mark|title=Bud-Branded Lounge Set for PNC Park|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=January 31, 2012|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/12031/1207067-28.stm|accessdate=February 26, 2012}}
62. ^{{cite press release |title=Pittsburgh Pirates Host 2006 All-Star Week, Including 77th MLB All-Star Game|publisher=MLB.com|date=April 28, 2006|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20060428&content_id=1422702&vkey=pr_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb|accessdate=April 9, 2006}}
63. ^{{cite web |last=Eagle|first=Ed|title=Young Rallies AL to Victory|publisher=MLB.com|date=July 12, 2006|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060711&content_id=1552532&vkey=allstargamer2006&fext=.jsp|accessdate=April 8, 2008}}
64. ^{{cite web |url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/all_star.jsp|title=All-Star Results|accessdate=July 29, 2008|publisher=MLB.com}}
65. ^{{cite web |last=Bloom|first=Barry M.|title=Baseball Honors Clemente|publisher=MLB.com|date=July 12, 2006|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060711&content_id=1553135&vkey=allstar2006&fext=.jsp|accessdate=April 8, 2008}}
66. ^{{cite web |last=Bloom|first=Barry M.|title=Howard Powers Way to Derby Crown|publisher=MLB.com|date=July 10, 2006|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060710&content_id=1551363&vkey=allstar2006&fext=.jsp|accessdate=April 8, 2008}}
67. ^{{cite news |last=Briggs|first=David|title=Pirates of the Allegheny|publisher=MLB.com|date=July 10, 2006|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060710&content_id=1551703&vkey=allstar2006&fext=.jsp|accessdate=April 20, 2008}}
68. ^{{cite web |title=Pittsburgh Baseball Falls to Duquesne, 2-1, at PNC Park|publisher=PittsburghPanthers.com|date=May 6, 2003|url=http://pittsburghpanthers.cstv.com/sports/m-basebl/spec-rel/050603aab.html|accessdate=April 15, 2008}}
69. ^{{cite news |first=Ray|last=Fittipaldo|title=Pitcher's Big-League Effort Lifts Duquesne Past Pitt, 2-1|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/sports/duquesne/20030507pittduke0507p5.asp |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette; Duquesne/Atlantic 10 |date=May 7, 2003|accessdate=May 13, 2008}}
70. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/10137/1058747-135.stm|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|title=Duquesne's Baseball Team Plays (and Loses) in Its Final Appearance at Home|first=Colin|last=Dunlap|date=May 17, 2010|accessdate=June 22, 2014}}
71. ^{{cite news |first=Phil|last=Axelrod|title=Baseball: Three Freshmen Step Up as Panthers Rout Dukes|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08108/874129-142.stm|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 17, 2008|accessdate=September 13, 2008}}
72. ^{{cite news |first=Phil|last=Axelrod|title=Baseball: Pitt, Duquesne to Treat Game Like Exhibition|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05103/487429-135.stm|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 15, 2005|accessdate=September 13, 2008}}
73. ^{{cite web |title=Panthers Fall to Duquesne, 5-2 at PNC Park|publisher=PittsburghPanthers.com|url=http://www.pittsburghpanthers.com/sports/m-basebl/recaps/050609aaa.html|date=May 6, 2005|accessdate=May 8, 2009}}
74. ^{{cite web|title=Bruce Springsteen Setlist: Aug 6 2003|publisher=Setlist.fm|url=http://www.setlist.fm/setlist/bruce-springsteen/2003/pnc-park-pittsburgh-pa-23d5b06b.html|accessdate=June 22, 2014}}
75. ^http://www.buffettworld.com/archives/2005-a-salty-piece-of-land/06-26/
76. ^{{cite press release|title=The Rolling Stones Concert Information|publisher=PittsburghPirates.com|date=September 27, 2005|url=http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20050927&content_id=1225900&vkey=pr_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|accessdate=May 14, 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605034602/http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20050927&content_id=1225900&vkey=pr_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|archivedate=June 5, 2011|df=mdy-all}}
77. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/ae/2006/08/26/Band-strikes-out-with-Pirates-fans/stories/200608260163 |title=Band strikes out with Pirates fans |publisher=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date= |accessdate=2015-04-21}}
78. ^{{cite news |title=Terrorism Drill Scheduled For PNC Park|url=http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/news/2872569/detail.html?subid=22100406|work=Pittsburgh News|publisher=WTAE-TV|date=February 25, 2004|accessdate=August 2, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041221064549/http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/news/2872569/detail.html?subid=22100406|archivedate=December 21, 2004|deadurl=yes}}
79. ^{{cite news |first=Josie|last=Roberts|title=Goodie Bags, Entertainment Part of PNC Park Drill|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_330904.html|newspaper=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|date=May 4, 2005|accessdate=August 2, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604014321/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_330904.html|archivedate=June 4, 2008|deadurl=yes}}
80. ^{{cite news |first1=Glenn|last1=May|author2=Heinrichs, Allison M.|title=Drills and Thrills 5,000 Volunteers Go to Bat as Victims of Mock Disaster|newspaper=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|date=May 8, 2005}}
81. ^{{cite news |title=Coast Grd. To Keep Rivers Safe During All-Star Gm.|url=http://kdka.com/topstories/PNC.Park.MLB.2.382479.html|publisher=KDKA-TV|date=April 14, 2006|accessdate=August 2, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923185735/http://kdka.com/topstories/PNC.Park.MLB.2.382479.html|archivedate=September 23, 2008|deadurl=yes}}
82. ^{{cite news |title=Terror Drill on Allegheny River Today|newspaper=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|date=September 14, 2007}}
83. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |title=PNC Park Surface Getting Full Makeover|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20081014&content_id=3619805&vkey=news_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit&partnerId=rss_pit|publisher=PittsburghPirates.com|date=October 14, 2008|accessdate=October 14, 2008}}
84. ^{{cite news|first=Jenifer|last=Langosch|title=Pirates Show Off Revamped PNC Park|url=http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090406&content_id=4139136&vkey=news_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|publisher=PittsburghPirates.com|date=April 6, 2009|accessdate=April 7, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409044301/http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090406&content_id=4139136&vkey=news_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|archivedate=April 9, 2009|df=mdy-all}}
85. ^{{cite book |title=Creating Breakthrough Products: Innovation from Product Planning to Program|last1=Cagan|first1=Jonathan|author2=Craig M. Vogel|year=2002|publisher=FT Press|url=https://books.google.com/?id=hlSRf61_nnkC&pg=PA218&dq=PNC+Park|isbn=0-13-969694-6|pages=218}}
86. ^{{cite news |title=Sod Installed At PNC Park|publisher=ThePittsburghChannel.com|date=October 30, 2000|url=http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/station/130164/detail.html|accessdate=April 10, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050317152530/http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/station/130164/detail.html|archivedate=March 17, 2005|deadurl=yes}}
87. ^{{harvnb|Pahigian|2004|p=228}}
88. ^{{cite journal|last=Corcoran|first=Cliff|title=Watch: Garrett Jones goes where no Pirate has gone before with splash HR at PNC Park|journal=Sports Illustrated|date=June 3, 2013|url=http://mlb.si.com/2013/06/03/video-garrett-jones-pittsburgh-pirates-pnc-park-home-run/|accessdate=June 14, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012232550/http://mlb.si.com/2013/06/03/video-garrett-jones-pittsburgh-pirates-pnc-park-home-run/|archivedate=October 12, 2013|df=mdy-all}}
89. ^{{cite news |title=Pedro Alvarez hits home run into a boat on the Allegheny River|publisher=sports.yahoo.com|date=May 20, 2015|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mlb-big-league-stew/pedro-alvarez-hits-home-run-into-a-boat-on-the-allegheny-river-034109896.html|accessdate=May 26, 2015}}
90. ^{{cite web|last1=Reuter|first1=Joel|title=The Longest 'Moon Shot' Home Run in the History of Each MLB Stadium|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1211802-the-longest-moon-shot-home-run-in-the-history-of-each-mlb-stadium/page/21}}
91. ^1 {{cite news |first=Gary A.|last=Warner|title=Boutique Ballparks // Three Quirky New Baseball Stadiums Replace Indistinguishable 'Concrete Doughnuts'|newspaper=The Orange County Register |date=May 10, 2005|page=1}}
92. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=PNC Park Gets Rave Reviews|publisher=ThePittsburghChannel.com|date=February 21, 2001|url=http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/sports/480687/detail.html|accessdate=April 7, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050317122005/http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/sports/480687/detail.html|archivedate=March 17, 2005|deadurl=yes}}
93. ^{{harvnb|Phillips|2005|p=314}}
94. ^{{cite web |url=http://twins.mlb.com/min/ballpark/comparisons.jsp|title=New Ballpark Comparisons|accessdate=July 29, 2008|work=New Ballpark |publisher=MinnesotaTwins.com}}
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96. ^{{harvnb|Pahigian|2004|pp=220–1}}
97. ^1 {{harvnb|Ahuja|2001|p=67}}
98. ^{{cite news|last=Finder|first=Chuck|title=Pirates Unveil Ticket Prices|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=October 12, 2000|url=http://old.post-gazette.com/pirates/20001012pncprices5.asp|accessdate=June 23, 2014}}
99. ^{{cite news |first=Todd|last=Krise|title=PNC Park a Big League Bargain|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20080611&content_id=2890105&vkey=news_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit&partnerId=rss_pit|publisher=MLB.com|date=June 12, 2008|accessdate=June 12, 2008}}
100. ^Pirates' average ticket price fourth-lowest in Major League Baseball
101. ^[https://www.statista.com/statistics/203495/mlb-average-ticket-price-for-pittsburgh-pirates-games/ Pittsburgh Pirates average ticket price from 2006 to 2016 (in U.S. dollars)]
102. ^1 {{cite web|title=Pittsburgh Pirates Attendance, Stadiums, and Park Factors|publisher=Baseball-Reference.com|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PIT/attend.shtml|accessdate=June 25, 2014}}
103. ^{{cite journal|last=Schiavenza|first=Matt|title=How Life Got Good Again for the Pittsburgh Pirates|magazine=The Atlantic|date=September 11, 2013|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/09/how-life-got-good-again-for-the-pittsburgh-pirates/279404/|accessdate=June 25, 2014}}
104. ^{{cite web|title=Pirates Release 2014 Season Ticket Pricing|publisher=PittsburghPirates.com|date=September 27, 2013|url=http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20130927&content_id=61919528&vkey=pr_pit&c_id=pit|accessdate=June 23, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005015828/http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20130927&content_id=61919528&vkey=pr_pit&c_id=pit|archivedate=October 5, 2013|df=mdy-all}}
105. ^{{cite web |title=Aramark to Feature Local Favorites From Around the League During Mid-Summer Classic|url=http://www.aramark.com/PressReleaseDetailTemplate.aspx?PostingID=871&ChannelID=321|publisher=Aramark|date=May 27, 2006|accessdate=July 20, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622040036/http://www.aramark.com/PressReleaseDetailTemplate.aspx?PostingID=871&ChannelID=321|archivedate=June 22, 2008|deadurl=yes}}
106. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aramark.com/BallparkContentTemplate.aspx?PostingID=698&ChannelID=325|title=Food Services|accessdate=July 20, 2008|work=Major League Partners|publisher=Aramark|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612020533/http://www.aramark.com/BallparkContentTemplate.aspx?PostingID=698&ChannelID=325|archivedate=June 12, 2008|deadurl=yes}}
107. ^{{cite web|title=PNC Park|publisher=Levy Restaurants|url=http://www.levyrestaurants.com/venues/pnc-park|accessdate=June 11, 2014}}
108. ^1 {{cite news |last=Jones|first=Diana Nelson|title=Buy Me Some Peanuts and Uh, Sushi?|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 15, 2001|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/20010415pncfood9.asp|accessdate=April 19, 2008}}
109. ^{{cite journal |last1=Kadushin|first1=Raphael|author2=McLain, David|date=August 2003|title=15222: Come Hungry |journal=National Geographic Magazine |pages=114–22 |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0308/feature6/index.html |accessdate=August 24, 2008}}
110. ^{{cite news |first=Kelly |last=Bradish|title=The Primanti's Tradition|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_108257.html|newspaper=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|date=December 19, 2002|accessdate=July 26, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006032942/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_108257.html|archivedate=October 6, 2008|deadurl=yes}}
111. ^{{cite news |first=Peter|last=Meehan|title=Finding the Hits, Avoiding the Errors|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C03E0DC143BF93BA35755C0A96E9C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=4 |newspaper=The New York Times; Travel |date=June 8, 2008|accessdate=July 26, 2008}}
112. ^{{cite news |last=Batz Jr.|first=Bob|title=At PNC Park, 'All-You-Can-Eat' Seats|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 3, 2008|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08094/869987-34.stm|accessdate=April 7, 2008}}
113. ^1 {{harvnb|Ahuja|2001|p=68}}
114. ^{{cite web|title=Pirates to Switch Soft Drinks in 2014|publisher=KDKA-TV|date=March 8, 2014|url=http://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2014/03/08/pirates-to-switch-soft-drinks-in-2014/|accessdate=June 11, 2014}}
115. ^{{cite news|last=Schmitz|first=Jon|title=It may take extra innings to finish PNC Park's Closer|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=March 28, 2014|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/local/region/2014/03/29/It-may-take-extra-innings-to-finish-PNC-Park-s-Closer/stories/201403290147|accessdate=June 11, 2014}}
Bibliography{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite book |title=Fields of Dreams: A Guide to Visiting and Enjoying All 30 Major League Ballparks|last=Ahuja|first=Jay|year=2001|publisher=Citadel Press|url=https://books.google.com/?id=qQjs_j59H4sC|isbn=0-8065-2193-7}}
  • {{cite book |title=Honus Wagner: A Biography|last1=DeValeria|first1= Dennis|author2=Jeanne Burke DeValeria|year=1995|publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press|location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|isbn=0-8229-5665-9}}
  • {{cite book |title=The Ultimate Baseball Road-trip: A Fan's Guide to Major League Stadiums|last1=Pahigian|first1=Josh|author2=Kevin O'Connell|year=2004|publisher=Globe Pequot|url=https://books.google.com/?id=FM1YtoSZEnAC|isbn=1-59228-159-1}}
  • {{cite book|title=Insiders' Guide to Pittsburgh|last1=Phillips|first1=Jenn|author2=Loriann Hoff Oberlin, Evan M. Pattak|year=2005|publisher=Globe Pequot|isbn=978-0-7627-3507-5}}
{{refend}}{{Portal|Pittsburgh|Baseball}}

External links

{{Commons category|PNC Park}}
  • Stadium site on pirates.com
{{s-start-collapsible|header={{s-sta|et}}}}{{succession box
| title = Home of the
Pittsburgh Pirates
| years = 2001 – present
| before = Three Rivers Stadium
| after = Current
}}{{succession box
| title = Host of the
MLB All-Star Game
| years = 2006
| before = Comerica Park
| after = AT&T Park
}}{{succession box
| title = Host of the
National League Wild Card Game
| years = 2013
2014
2015
| before = Turner Field
| after = Citi Field
}}{{s-end}}{{Pittsburgh sports}}{{Pittsburgh Pirates}}{{MLB Ballparks}}{{PNC Financial Services Group}}{{featured article}}

5 : Sports venues completed in 2001|Major League Baseball venues|Pittsburgh Pirates stadiums|Baseball venues in Pennsylvania|Populous buildings
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