| 词条 | Cleo Manago |
| 释义 |
Early life and other activitiesManago is a native of south-central Los Angeles and began a vocation in social services when he was 16 years of age.[3] He was once a professional musician (a bassist). He is a blogger and has written several articles some of which have been published by Dogon Village. In 2011, he co-authored, produced, directed and starred in the educational documentary I AM A MAN: Black Manhood & Sexual Diversity.[4] Although usually referred to as a "social activist", Manago dislikes the term "activist" when applied to him. He believes black LGBT activism to be "tethered to mainstream white privilege, ideology, and single-focused gay organizations," which he views as culturally dissonant and too limited in scope to be meaningful and beneficial to African-American LGBTQ communities and the larger black community.[3] It has been suggested that he credited the term men who have sex with men (MSM).[5] AmASSI Health and Cultural CentersA.m.A.S.S.I. or AmASSI (The African, American Advocacy, Support-Services & Survival Institute) was founded in 1989 by Manago.[5] It aims to end "health disparities, self-concept and inter-group conflict among diverse people of African descent." Since its foundation in 1989, it has become one of the replicated organizations in the United States, making Manago an early provider the AIDS movement of culturally specific HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention services for African-Americans using a psychosocial, mental health model.[5] Black Men's Xchange (BMX)Founded in 1989, the Black Men's Xchange (BMX) is the oldest and largest community-based movement in the U.S devoted to promoting healthy self-concept and behavior, cultural affirmation, and critical consciousness among SGL, gay-identified and bisexual African-descended males and their allies.[5] This organization has chapters in Los Angeles, Oakland, San Francisco, Sacramento, Orange County, Detroit, Denver, Atlanta, Minneapolis, Baltimore, and Philadelphia.[5] It has been funded by "the Center for Disease Control's Act Against AIDS Leadership Initiative program. And the CDC positions BMX alongside other legacy community black organization[s] such as the NAACP, the Urban League, the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, and American Urban Radio Networks."[5] Criticism and responseAmong certain members{{Who|date=June 2016}} of the LGBT community, Manago is regarded as "homo demagogue," contrarian, separatist and anti-white.[5] However, among the same-gender-loving (SGL), bisexual, transgender, and liberal heterosexual African-American community, Manago is viewed as a visionary and "social architect" advocating for a group of people marginalized by the white LGBT community.[5] Manago view terms such as "gay" and "lesbian" as vestiges of white Eurocentric dominance, and defined "gay" as "the mainstream white (patriarchal) homosexual community."[6] According to Manago, "In the midst of a need for affirmation and acknowledgment from the "gay" community, same-gender-loving Black people are subject to sexual objectification, discrimination, white supremacist treatment and indifference."[6] The SGL movement also objects to the pink triangle, the rainbow flag and the lambda symbol, which they view as symbols of white gayness, "none of which is African- or black-identified."[6] Notes and references1. ^1 Editors: Aggleton, Peter; Parker, Richard, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=INqNAgAAQBAJ&dq= Routledge Handbook of Sexuality, Health and Rights], Routledge, 2010, p. 459, {{ISBN|9781135272883}} 2. ^Editor: Coleman, Monica A. (contributor: Layli Maparyan), Ain't I a Womanist, Too?: Third-Wave Womanist Religious Thought, Fortress Press (2013), p. 193, {{ISBN|9780800698768}} [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iXPyYRQJ-KUC&pg=PT193&dq=cleo+manago&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pzWgVd77LKLa7garyKrQCQ&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false] 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Jennifer Brier|author2=Jim Downs|author3=Jennifer L Morgan|title=Connexions: Histories of Race and Sex in North America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WlYdDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT305|date=15 September 2016|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0-252-09881-9|pages=305–}} 4. ^"Explosive New Film featuring Al Sharpton and Cleo Manago Addresses Black Men’s Challenges with Manhood, Sexuality and Masculinity", September 13, 2011 [in] Kick Mag, retrieved July 10, 2015 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 The Huffington Post, "Cleo Manago: The Most Dangerous Black Gay Man?" by Irene Monroe, February 17, 2012 6. ^1 2 3 Editors: Rimmerman, Craig A,; Wald, Kenneth D.; Wilcox, Clyde, The Politics of Gay Rights, University of Chicago Press (2000), p. 91-2, {{ISBN|9780226719986}} [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vMghaleR8RoC&pg=PA91&dq=cleo+manago&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2gOgVfu2A8XN7QawxY74Bw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false] retrieved July 10, 2015 External links{{portal|African American|}}
5 : Living people|LGBT African Americans|People from South Los Angeles|LGBT rights activists from the United States|Year of birth missing (living people) |
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