| 词条 | P. N. Haksar |
| 释义 |
|name = P. N. Haksar |office1 = 1st Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India |predecessor1 = Office established |successor1 = V. Shankar |office2 = 2nd Secretary to the Prime Minister of India |predecessor2 = Lakshmi Kant Jha |successor2 = Office temporarily abolished |image = P. N. Haksar.jpg |primeminister1 = Indira Gandhi |office = Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission |primeminister = Indira Gandhi |birth_date = 4 September 1913 |birth_place = Gujranwala, Punjab, British India (now in Pakistan) |death_date = 25 November 1998 (aged 85) |death_place = New Delhi, Delhi, India |spouse = Urmila Sapru |children = Nandita Haksar, Anamika Haksar |son in law = Ravindra Sahu |grandchild = Raayaan Sahu |religion = Hindu (Kashmiri Pandit) |term_start1 = 6 December 1971 |term_end1 = 28 February 1973 |term_end2 = 5 December 1971 |term_start2 = 1967 |term_start = 4 January 1975 |term_end = 31 May 1977 |birthname = Parmeshwar Narayan Haksar }} Parmeshwar Narayan Haksar (4 September 1913 – 25 November 1998) was an Indian bureaucrat and diplomat, best known for his two-year stint as Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's principal secretary (1971–73). In that role, Haksar was the chief strategist behind his inexperienced prime minister's rise to near-absolute power in the mid-1970s. After this he was appointed deputy chairman of the Planning Commission and then the first-ever chancellor of New Delhi's Jawaharlal Nehru University. An advocate of centralization and socialism, he was a Kashmiri Pandit who became Gandhi's closest confidant in her inner coterie of bureaucrats, the "Kashmiri mafia". Prior to this, Haksar was a diplomat of the Indian Foreign Service, who served as India's ambassador to Austria and Nigeria. Personal lifeHaksar was born in 1913, Gujranwala (now in Pakistan) in a Kashmiri Pandit family. He studied Sanskrit at home and obtained an M.Sc. from Allahabad university, Uttar Pradesh. He went on to study in the London School of Economics.[1] As a student of Allahabad university, he was a resident of Mayo Hall & made frequent visits to the Anand Bhawan, the house of Motilal Nehru.[2] Parmeshwar was a voracious reader of art history & also a connoisseur of paintings.[2] During his interlude in London, UK, he was influenced by Socialism and become associated with the Marxists.[1][2] During the latter years of his life, Haksar became associated with the Delhi Science Forum, initiatives on human rights, and opposition to neoliberal policies and secularism. He lost his eyesight during the last 10 years of his life. Haksar died at the age of 85, on 25 November 1998.[3] CareerEarly careerHaskar had already made his mark as a lawyer in Allahabad, before he was selected in the Indian Foreign Service in 1947,[4] and was quite close to fellow-Kashmiri-from-Allahabad Jawaharlal Nehru. A one-time student at the London School of Economics, he was a junior colleague of V. K. Krishna Menon at the India League in London. Civil servicesP. N. Haksar served as the India ambassador to Nigeria and Austria.[5] In the 1960s, he also served as a deputy high commissioner in London.[1] After twenty years of diplomatic service, he was appointed as an aide to the then prime minister, Indira Gandhi.[4] In 1967, he replaced L. K. Jha as Secretary to the Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi and was promoted to the newly formed post of Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India in 1971. He authored the 'Stray Thoughts Memorandum' at the Congress Working Committee meeting in Bangalore which ultimately led to the defenestration of her political rivals like Morarji Desai.[6] Till the time he moved out from the position of Principal Secretary to Indira Gandhi, Haksar exercised significant influence on the formulation of domestic & foreign policies.[4] As Principal Secretary, Haksar fashioned Indira Gandhi's decision about the timing and level of support to be given to Bangladeshi freedom struggle.[7] Administrator and strategistHaksar was noted for his strategising on the nationalisation of banks, insurance & foreign oil companies, the 1971 Indo-Soviet treaty and the liberation of Bangladesh. He is also the chief architect of the Shimla Agreement with Pakistan, as he was of the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)[3] ฿ Refusal of Padma VibhushanUpon his retirement in 1973, Indira Gandhi offered Haksar India's second highest civilian honour, the Padma Vibhushan, for his numerous distinguished services to India; in a letter to Govind Narain in which he declined the honour, Haksar stated: "Accepting an award for work done somehow causes an inexplicable discomfort to me."[8] Books{{Expand section|date=July 2012}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=Obituary: P.N. Haksar |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-p-n-haksar-1188604.html |publisher=www.independent.co.uk |first=Kuldeep |last=Singh |location= |date=2 December 1998 |accessdate=24 July 2012}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=The P.N. Haksar Story |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/dec/12mitra.htm |publisher=rediff.com |first=Ashok |last=Mitra |date=12 December 1998 |accessdate=24 July 2012}} 3. ^1 Praful Bidwai. "The last of the Nehruvians". Frontline. 19 Dec 1998. 4. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=100 People who shaped India |url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/millennium/100people/haskar.html |publisher=indiatoday.com |first=N.N. |last=Vohra |accessdate=24 July 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web |title=Indian Embassy, Vienna, Austria |url=http://www.indianembassy.at/?page_id=603 |publisher=Indian Embassy, Govt of India | accessdate=18 August 2012}} 6. ^{{Cite book |last = Austin |first = Granville |authorlink = |coauthors = |title = Working a Democratic Constitution - A History of the Indian Experience |publisher = Oxford University Press |year = 1999 |location = New Delhi |pages = 184–185 |url = |doi = |id = |isbn = 019565610-5 }} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Remembering P.N. Haksar: A true friend of Bangladesh |url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article1799.html |first=Monaem |last=Sarker |date=11 November 2009 |accessdate=24 July 2012}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/Haksar-and-the-Padma-Vibhushan/article17029692.ece|title=Haksar and the Padma Vibhushan |date=13 January 2017|accessdate=11 May 2018|newspaper=The Hindu|deadurl=no|df=dmy-all}} 9. ^http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/157997.P_N_Haksar 10. ^https://www.amazon.in/Books-P-N-Haksar/s?ie=UTF8&page=1&rh=n%3A976389031%2Cp_27%3AP.N.Haksar External links
9 : 1913 births|1998 deaths|Kashmiri people|People from Gujranwala District|University of Allahabad alumni|Alumni of the London School of Economics|Scholars from Allahabad|20th-century Indian lawyers|Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。